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Last reviewed 2024-12-30 UTC
Pilar keandalan dalam
Google Cloud Framework Berarsitektur Baik
memberikan prinsip dan rekomendasi untuk membantu Anda mendesain, men-deploy, dan mengelola
workload yang andal di Google Cloud.
Dokumen ini ditujukan untuk arsitek cloud, developer, engineer platform, administrator, dan site reliability engineer.
Keandalan adalah kemampuan sistem untuk secara konsisten menjalankan fungsi yang dimaksudkan dalam kondisi yang ditentukan dan mempertahankan layanan tanpa gangguan. Praktik
terbaik untuk keandalan mencakup redundansi, desain fault-tolerant, pemantauan,
dan proses pemulihan otomatis.
Sebagai bagian dari keandalan, ketahanan adalah kemampuan sistem untuk menahan dan memulihkan diri dari kegagalan atau gangguan yang tidak terduga, sekaligus mempertahankan performa. FiturGoogle Cloud , seperti deployment multi-regional, pencadangan otomatis, dan solusi pemulihan dari bencana, dapat membantu Anda meningkatkan ketahanan sistem.
Keandalan penting untuk strategi cloud Anda karena banyak alasan, termasuk
berikut ini:
Periode nonaktif minimal: Periode nonaktif dapat menyebabkan hilangnya pendapatan, penurunan produktivitas, dan kerusakan reputasi. Arsitektur yang tangguh dapat membantu memastikan bahwa sistem dapat terus berfungsi selama terjadi kegagalan atau pulih secara efisien dari kegagalan.
Pengalaman pengguna yang ditingkatkan: Pengguna mengharapkan interaksi yang lancar dengan teknologi. Sistem yang tangguh dapat membantu mempertahankan performa dan ketersediaan yang konsisten, serta memberikan layanan yang andal meskipun saat permintaan tinggi atau terjadi masalah yang tidak terduga.
Integritas data: Kegagalan dapat menyebabkan kehilangan data atau kerusakan data.
Sistem yang tangguh menerapkan mekanisme seperti pencadangan, redundansi, dan
replikasi untuk melindungi data serta memastikan data tetap akurat dan dapat diakses.
Kelangsungan bisnis: Bisnis Anda mengandalkan teknologi untuk operasi penting. Arsitektur yang tangguh dapat membantu memastikan kelangsungan setelah terjadi kegagalan parah, yang memungkinkan fungsi bisnis berlanjut tanpa gangguan yang signifikan dan mendukung pemulihan yang cepat.
Kepatuhan: Banyak industri memiliki persyaratan peraturan untuk ketersediaan sistem dan perlindungan data. Arsitektur yang tangguh dapat membantu Anda memenuhi standar ini dengan memastikan sistem tetap beroperasi dan aman.
Biaya jangka panjang yang lebih rendah: Arsitektur yang tangguh memerlukan investasi di awal, tetapi ketahanan dapat membantu mengurangi biaya dari waktu ke waktu dengan mencegah periode nonaktif yang mahal, menghindari perbaikan reaktif, dan memungkinkan penggunaan resource yang lebih efisien.
Pola pikir organisasi
Untuk membuat sistem Anda andal, Anda memerlukan rencana dan strategi yang sudah ditetapkan.
Strategi ini harus mencakup edukasi dan otoritas untuk memprioritaskan keandalan bersama dengan inisiatif lainnya.
Tetapkan ekspektasi yang jelas bahwa seluruh organisasi bertanggung jawab atas keandalan, termasuk pengembangan, pengelolaan produk, operasi, rekayasa platform, dan rekayasa keandalan situs (SRE).
Bahkan grup yang berfokus pada bisnis, seperti pemasaran dan penjualan, dapat memengaruhi keandalan.
Setiap tim harus memahami target keandalan dan risiko aplikasi mereka. Tim harus bertanggung jawab terhadap persyaratan ini. Konflik
antara keandalan dan pengembangan fitur produk reguler harus diprioritaskan
dan diselesaikan sesuai dengan eskalasinya.
Aktivitas yang Anda lakukan untuk mendesain, men-deploy, dan mengelola sistem yang andal dapat dikategorikan dalam area fokus berikut. Setiap prinsip dan rekomendasi keandalan dalam pilar ini relevan dengan salah satu area fokus tersebut.
Penetapan cakupan: Untuk memahami sistem Anda, lakukan analisis mendetail terhadap arsitekturnya. Anda perlu memahami komponen, cara kerja dan interaksinya, cara data dan tindakan mengalir melalui sistem, dan apa yang bisa salah. Mengidentifikasi potensi kegagalan, hambatan, dan risiko, yang membantu Anda mengambil tindakan untuk memitigasi masalah tersebut.
Pengamatan: Untuk membantu mencegah kegagalan sistem, terapkan pengamatan dan pemantauan yang komprehensif dan berkelanjutan. Melalui pengamatan ini, Anda dapat memahami tren dan mengidentifikasi potensi masalah secara proaktif.
Respons: Untuk mengurangi dampak kegagalan, respons dengan tepat dan pulihkan secara efisien. Respons otomatis juga dapat membantu mengurangi dampak kegagalan. Bahkan dengan perencanaan dan kontrol, kegagalan masih dapat terjadi.
Pembelajaran: Untuk membantu mencegah kegagalan berulang, pelajari setiap pengalaman dan ambil tindakan yang sesuai.
Prinsip inti
Rekomendasi dalam pilar keandalan Framework yang Dirancang dengan Baik dipetakan ke prinsip inti berikut:
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2024-12-30 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eThe Reliability pillar of the Google Cloud Well-Architected Framework offers guidelines for designing, deploying, and managing reliable workloads, focusing on maintaining consistent performance and uninterrupted service.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eKey aspects of reliability include resilience, the ability to recover from failures, and best practices such as redundancy, fault-tolerant design, monitoring, and automated recovery processes, all of which are critical for minimizing downtime and maintaining user satisfaction.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eEstablishing an organizational mindset where every team prioritizes reliability and is accountable for meeting targets is crucial for ensuring system dependability, and planning for reliability should be a holistic effort across the entire organization.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe core principles for reliability involve defining user-experience goals, setting realistic targets, building redundant systems, using horizontal scalability, utilizing observability, designing for graceful degradation, testing for recovery, and conducting thorough postmortems.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe focus areas for reliability are scoping, observation, response, and learning, which entail analyzing system architecture, monitoring for issues, responding to failures, and improving through experience.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Well-Architected Framework: Reliability pillar\n\n| To view the content in the reliability pillar on a single page or to to get a PDF output of the content, see [View on one page](/architecture/framework/reliability/printable).\n\nThe reliability pillar in the\n[Google Cloud Well-Architected Framework](/architecture/framework)\nprovides principles and recommendations to help you design, deploy, and manage\nreliable workloads in Google Cloud.\n\nThis document is intended for cloud architects, developers, platform engineers,\nadministrators, and site reliability engineers.\n\n*Reliability* is a system's ability to consistently perform its intended\nfunctions within the defined conditions and maintain uninterrupted service. Best\npractices for reliability include redundancy, fault-tolerant design, monitoring,\nand automated recovery processes.\n\nAs a part of reliability, *resilience* is the system's ability to withstand and\nrecover from failures or unexpected disruptions, while maintaining performance.\nGoogle Cloud features, like\n[multi-regional deployments](/architecture/deployment-archetypes/multiregional),\nautomated backups, and disaster recovery solutions, can help you improve your\nsystem's resilience.\n\nReliability is important to your cloud strategy for many reasons, including the\nfollowing:\n\n- **Minimal downtime**: Downtime can lead to lost revenue, decreased productivity, and damage to reputation. Resilient architectures can help ensure that systems can continue to function during failures or recover efficiently from failures.\n- **Enhanced user experience**: Users expect seamless interactions with technology. Resilient systems can help maintain consistent performance and availability, and they provide reliable service even during high demand or unexpected issues.\n- **Data integrity**: Failures can cause data loss or data corruption. Resilient systems implement mechanisms such as backups, redundancy, and replication to protect data and ensure that it remains accurate and accessible.\n- **Business continuity**: Your business relies on technology for critical operations. Resilient architectures can help ensure continuity after a catastrophic failure, which enables business functions to continue without significant interruptions and supports a swift recovery.\n- **Compliance**: Many industries have regulatory requirements for system availability and data protection. Resilient architectures can help you to meet these standards by ensuring systems remain operational and secure.\n- **Lower long-term costs**: Resilient architectures require upfront investment, but resiliency can help to reduce costs over time by preventing expensive downtime, avoiding reactive fixes, and enabling more efficient resource use.\n\nOrganizational mindset\n----------------------\n\nTo make your systems reliable, you need a plan and an established strategy.\nThis strategy must include education and the authority to prioritize reliability\nalongside other initiatives.\n\nSet a clear expectation that the entire organization is responsible for\nreliability, including development, product management, operations, platform\nengineering, and\n[site reliability engineering (SRE)](/sre).\nEven the business-focused groups, like marketing and sales, can influence\nreliability.\n\nEvery team must understand the reliability targets and risks of their\napplications. The teams must be accountable to these requirements. Conflicts\nbetween reliability and regular product feature development must be prioritized\nand escalated accordingly.\n\nPlan and manage reliability holistically, across all your functions and teams.\nConsider setting up a Cloud Centre of Excellence (CCoE) that includes a\nreliability pillar. For more information, see\n[Optimize your organization's cloud journey with a Cloud Center of Excellence](https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/training-certifications/optimize-your-organizations-cloud-journey-with-a-cloud-center-of-excellence).\n\nFocus areas for reliability\n---------------------------\n\nThe activities that you perform to design, deploy, and manage a reliable system\ncan be categorized in the following focus areas. Each of the reliability\nprinciples and recommendations in this pillar is relevant to one of these focus\nareas.\n\n- **Scoping**: To understand your system, conduct a detailed analysis of its architecture. You need to understand the components, how they work and interact, how data and actions flow through the system, and what could go wrong. Identify potential failures, bottlenecks, and risks, which helps you to take actions to mitigate those issues.\n- **Observation**: To help prevent system failures, implement comprehensive and continuous observation and monitoring. Through this observation, you can understand trends and identify potential problems proactively.\n- **Response**: To reduce the impact of failures, respond appropriately and recover efficiently. Automated responses can also help reduce the impact of failures. Even with planning and controls, failures can still occur.\n- **Learning**: To help prevent failures from recurring, learn from each experience, and take appropriate actions.\n\nCore principles\n---------------\n\nThe recommendations in the reliability pillar of the Well-Architected Framework are\nmapped to the following core principles:\n\n- [Define reliability based on user-experience goals](/architecture/framework/reliability/define-reliability-based-on-user-experience-goals)\n- [Set realistic targets for reliability](/architecture/framework/reliability/set-targets)\n- [Build highly available systems through resource redundancy](/architecture/framework/reliability/build-highly-available-systems)\n- [Take advantage of horizontal scalability](/architecture/framework/reliability/horizontal-scalability)\n- [Detect potential failures by using observability](/architecture/framework/reliability/observability)\n- [Design for graceful degradation](/architecture/framework/reliability/graceful-degradation)\n- [Perform testing for recovery from failures](/architecture/framework/reliability/perform-testing-for-recovery-from-failures)\n- [Perform testing for recovery from data loss](/architecture/framework/reliability/perform-testing-for-recovery-from-data-loss)\n- [Conduct thorough postmortems](/architecture/framework/reliability/conduct-postmortems)\n\n| **Note:** To learn about the building blocks of infrastructure reliability in Google Cloud, see [Google Cloud infrastructure reliability guide](/architecture/infra-reliability-guide).\n\nContributors\n------------\n\nAuthors:\n\n- [Laura Hyatt](https://www.linkedin.com/in/laura-hyatt) \\| Customer Engineer, FSI\n- [Jose Andrade](https://www.linkedin.com/in/jmandrade) \\| Customer Engineer, SRE Specialist\n- [Gino Pelliccia](https://www.linkedin.com/in/gino-pelliccia-13637025) \\| Principal Architect\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\nOther contributors:\n\n- [Andrés-Leonardo Martínez-Ortiz](https://www.linkedin.com/in/almo) \\| Technical Program Manager\n- [Brian Kudzia](https://www.linkedin.com/in/brian-kudzia-3061558) \\| Enterprise Infrastructure Customer Engineer\n- [Daniel Lees](https://www.linkedin.com/in/daniellees) \\| Cloud Security Architect\n- [Filipe Gracio, PhD](https://www.linkedin.com/in/filipegracio) \\| Customer Engineer, AI/ML Specialist\n- [Gary Harmson](https://www.linkedin.com/in/garyharmson) \\| Principal Architect\n- [Kumar Dhanagopal](https://www.linkedin.com/in/kumardhanagopal) \\| Cross-Product Solution Developer\n- [Marwan Al Shawi](https://www.linkedin.com/in/marwanalshawi) \\| Partner Customer Engineer\n- [Nicolas Pintaux](https://www.linkedin.com/in/nicolaspintaux) \\| Customer Engineer, Application Modernization Specialist\n- [Radhika Kanakam](https://www.linkedin.com/in/radhika-kanakam-18ab876) \\| Program Lead, Google Cloud Well-Architected Framework\n- [Ryan Cox](https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryanlcox) \\| Principal Architect\n- [Samantha He](https://www.linkedin.com/in/samantha-he-05a98173) \\| Technical Writer\n- [Wade Holmes](https://www.linkedin.com/in/wholmes) \\| Global Solutions Director\n- [Zach Seils](https://www.linkedin.com/in/zachseils) \\| Networking Specialist\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e"]]
