建立 k-means 模型，將倫敦自行車租用資料集分群

import datetime
import typing

import pandas as pd
from shapely.geometry import Point

import bigframes
import bigframes.bigquery as bbq
import bigframes.geopandas
import bigframes.pandas as bpd

bigframes.options.bigquery.project = your_gcp_project_id
# Compute in the EU multi-region to query the London bicycles dataset.
bigframes.options.bigquery.location = "EU"

# Extract the information you'll need to train the k-means model in this
# tutorial. Use the read_gbq function to represent cycle hires
# data as a DataFrame.
h = bpd.read_gbq(
    "bigquery-public-data.london_bicycles.cycle_hire",
    col_order=["start_station_name", "start_station_id", "start_date", "duration"],
).rename(
    columns={
        "start_station_name": "station_name",
        "start_station_id": "station_id",
    }
)

# Use GeoSeries.from_xy and BigQuery.st_distance to analyze geographical
# data. These functions determine spatial relationships between
# geographical features.
cycle_stations = bpd.read_gbq("bigquery-public-data.london_bicycles.cycle_stations")
s = bpd.DataFrame(
    {
        "id": cycle_stations["id"],
        "xy": bigframes.geopandas.GeoSeries.from_xy(
            cycle_stations["longitude"], cycle_stations["latitude"]
        ),
    }
)
s_distance = bbq.st_distance(s["xy"], Point(-0.1, 51.5), use_spheroid=False) / 1000
s = bpd.DataFrame({"id": s["id"], "distance_from_city_center": s_distance})

# Define Python datetime objects in the UTC timezone for range comparison,
# because BigQuery stores timestamp data in the UTC timezone.
sample_time = datetime.datetime(2015, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)
sample_time2 = datetime.datetime(2016, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, tzinfo=datetime.timezone.utc)

h = h.loc[(h["start_date"] >= sample_time) & (h["start_date"] <= sample_time2)]

# Replace each day-of-the-week number with the corresponding "weekday" or
# "weekend" label by using the Series.map method.
h = h.assign(
    isweekday=h.start_date.dt.dayofweek.map(
        {
            0: "weekday",
            1: "weekday",
            2: "weekday",
            3: "weekday",
            4: "weekday",
            5: "weekend",
            6: "weekend",
        }
    )
)

# Supplement each trip in "h" with the station distance information from
# "s" by merging the two DataFrames by station ID.
merged_df = h.merge(
    right=s,
    how="inner",
    left_on="station_id",
    right_on="id",
)

# Engineer features to cluster the stations. For each station, find the
# average trip duration, number of trips, and distance from city center.
stationstats = typing.cast(
    bpd.DataFrame,
    merged_df.groupby(["station_name", "isweekday"]).agg(
        {"duration": ["mean", "count"], "distance_from_city_center": "max"}
    ),
)
stationstats.columns = pd.Index(
    ["duration", "num_trips", "distance_from_city_center"]
)
stationstats = stationstats.sort_values(
    by="distance_from_city_center", ascending=True
).reset_index()

# Expected output results: >>> stationstats.head(3)
# station_name	isweekday duration  num_trips	distance_from_city_center
# Borough Road...	weekday	    1110	    5749	    0.12624
# Borough Road...	weekend	    2125	    1774	    0.12624
# Webber Street...	weekday	    795	        6517	    0.164021
#   3 rows × 5 columns

from bigframes.ml.cluster import KMeans

# To determine an optimal number of clusters, construct and fit several
# K-Means objects with different values of num_clusters, find the error
# measure, and pick the point at which the error measure is at its minimum
# value.
cluster_model = KMeans(n_clusters=4)
cluster_model.fit(stationstats)
cluster_model.to_gbq(
    your_model_id,  # For example: "bqml_tutorial.london_station_clusters"
    replace=True,
)

# Select model you'll use for predictions. `read_gbq_model` loads model
# data from BigQuery, but you could also use the `cluster_model` object
# from previous steps.
cluster_model = bpd.read_gbq_model(
    your_model_id,
    # For example: "bqml_tutorial.london_station_clusters",
)

# Use 'contains' function to filter by stations containing the string
# "Kennington".
stationstats = stationstats.loc[
    stationstats["station_name"].str.contains("Kennington")
]

result = cluster_model.predict(stationstats)

# Expected output results:   >>>results.peek(3)
# CENTROID...	NEAREST...	station_name  isweekday	 duration num_trips dist...
# 	1	[{'CENTROID_ID'...	Borough...	  weekday	  1110	    5749	0.13
# 	2	[{'CENTROID_ID'...	Borough...	  weekend	  2125      1774	0.13
# 	1	[{'CENTROID_ID'...	Webber...	  weekday	  795	    6517	0.16
#   3 rows × 7 columns