Create Spanner external datasets

Console

1. Open the BigQuery page in the Google Cloud console.

   Go to the BigQuery page

2. In the Explorer panel, select the project where you want to create the dataset.

3. Expand the more_vert Actions option and click Create dataset.

4. On the Create dataset page, do the following:

   • For Dataset ID, enter a unique dataset name.
   • For Location type, choose a location for the dataset, such as us-central1 or multiregion us. After you create a dataset, the location can't be changed.

   • For External Dataset, do the following:

     • Check the box next to Link to an external dataset.
     • For External dataset type, select Spanner.
     • For External source, enter the full identifier of your Spanner database in the following format: projects/PROJECT_ID/instances/INSTANCE/databases/DATABASE. For example: projects/my_project/instances/my_instance/databases/my_database.
     • Optionally, for Database role enter the name of a Spanner database role. For more information read about Database roles used for creating Spanner Connections

   • Leave the other default settings as they are.

5. Click Create dataset.

SQL

Use the CREATE EXTERNAL SCHEMA data definition language (DDL) statement.

1. In the Google Cloud console, go to the BigQuery page.

   Go to BigQuery

2. In the query editor, enter the following statement:

   CREATE EXTERNAL SCHEMA DATASET_NAME
     OPTIONS (
       external_source = 'SPANNER_EXTERNAL_SOURCE',
       location = 'LOCATION');

   Replace the following:

   • DATASET_NAME: the name of your new dataset in BigQuery.
   • SPANNER_EXTERNAL_SOURCE: the full, qualified Spanner database name, with a prefix identifying the source, in the following format: google-cloudspanner://[DATABASE_ROLE@]/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances/INSTANCE/databases/DATABASE. For example: google-cloudspanner://admin@/projects/my_project/instances/my_instance/databases/my_database or google-cloudspanner:/projects/my_project/instances/my_instance/databases/my_database.
   • LOCATION: the location of your new dataset in BigQuery, for example, us-central1. After you create a dataset, you can't change its location.

3. Click play_circle Run.

For more information about how to run queries, see Run an interactive query.

bq

In a command-line environment, create an external dataset by using the bq mk command:

bq --location=LOCATION mk --dataset \
    --external_source SPANNER_EXTERNAL_SOURCE \
    DATASET_NAME

Replace the following:

• LOCATION: the location of your new dataset in BigQuery—for example, us-central1. After you create a dataset, you can't change its location. You can set a default location value by using the .bigqueryrc file.
• SPANNER_EXTERNAL_SOURCE: the full, qualified Spanner database name, with a prefix identifying the source, in the following format: google-cloudspanner://[DATABASE_ROLE@]/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances/INSTANCE/databases/DATABASE. For example: google-cloudspanner://admin@/projects/my_project/instances/my_instance/databases/my_database or google-cloudspanner:/projects/my_project/instances/my_instance/databases/my_database.
• DATASET_NAME: the name of your new dataset in BigQuery. To create a dataset in a project other than your default project, add the project ID to the dataset name in the following format: PROJECT_ID:DATASET_NAME.

Terraform

Use the google_bigquery_dataset resource.

To authenticate to BigQuery, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for client libraries.

The following example creates a Spanner external dataset:

resource "google_bigquery_dataset" "dataset" {
  provider                    = google-beta
  dataset_id                  = "example_dataset"
  friendly_name               = "test"
  description                 = "This is a test description."
  location                    = "us-central1"

external_dataset_reference {
  external_source = "google-cloudspanner:/projects/my_project/instances/my_instance/databases/my_database"
  }
}

To apply your Terraform configuration in a Google Cloud project, complete the steps in the following sections.

Prepare Cloud Shell

1. Launch Cloud Shell.

2. Set the default Google Cloud project where you want to apply your Terraform configurations.

   You only need to run this command once per project, and you can run it in any directory.

   export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=PROJECT_ID

   Environment variables are overridden if you set explicit values in the Terraform configuration file.

Prepare the directory

Each Terraform configuration file must have its own directory (also called a root module).

1. In Cloud Shell, create a directory and a new file within that directory. The filename must have the .tf extension—for example main.tf. In this tutorial, the file is referred to as main.tf.

   mkdir DIRECTORY && cd DIRECTORY && touch main.tf

2. If you are following a tutorial, you can copy the sample code in each section or step.

   Copy the sample code into the newly created main.tf.

   Optionally, copy the code from GitHub. This is recommended when the Terraform snippet is part of an end-to-end solution.

3. Review and modify the sample parameters to apply to your environment.
4. Save your changes.
5. Initialize Terraform. You only need to do this once per directory.

   terraform init

   Optionally, to use the latest Google provider version, include the -upgrade option:

   terraform init -upgrade

Apply the changes

1. Review the configuration and verify that the resources that Terraform is going to create or update match your expectations:

   terraform plan

   Make corrections to the configuration as necessary.

2. Apply the Terraform configuration by running the following command and entering yes at the prompt:

   terraform apply

   Wait until Terraform displays the "Apply complete!" message.

3. Open your Google Cloud project to view the results. In the Google Cloud console, navigate to your resources in the UI to make sure that Terraform has created or updated them.

API

Call the datasets.insert method with a defined dataset resource and externalDatasetReference field for your Spanner database.