在 BigQuery ML 中建立機器學習模型

import google.cloud.bigquery

bqclient = google.cloud.bigquery.Client()
bqclient.create_dataset("bqml_tutorial", exists_ok=True)

from bigframes.ml.linear_model import LogisticRegression
import bigframes.pandas as bpd

# Start by selecting the data you'll use for training. `read_gbq` accepts
# either a SQL query or a table ID. Since this example selects from multiple
# tables via a wildcard, use SQL to define this data. Watch issue
# https://github.com/googleapis/python-bigquery-dataframes/issues/169
# for updates to `read_gbq` to support wildcard tables.

df = bpd.read_gbq_table(
    "bigquery-public-data.google_analytics_sample.ga_sessions_*",
    filters=[
        ("_table_suffix", ">=", "20160801"),
        ("_table_suffix", "<=", "20170630"),
    ],
)

# Extract the total number of transactions within
# the Google Analytics session.
#
# Because the totals column is a STRUCT data type, call
# Series.struct.field("transactions") to extract the transactions field.
# See the reference documentation below:
# https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/bigframes/latest/bigframes.operations.structs.StructAccessor#bigframes_operations_structs_StructAccessor_field
transactions = df["totals"].struct.field("transactions")

# The "label" values represent the outcome of the model's
# prediction. In this case, the model predicts if there are any
# ecommerce transactions within the Google Analytics session.
# If the number of transactions is NULL, the value in the label
# column is set to 0. Otherwise, it is set to 1.
label = transactions.notnull().map({True: 1, False: 0}).rename("label")

# Extract the operating system of the visitor's device.
operating_system = df["device"].struct.field("operatingSystem")
operating_system = operating_system.fillna("")

# Extract whether the visitor's device is a mobile device.
is_mobile = df["device"].struct.field("isMobile")

# Extract the country from which the sessions originated, based on the IP address.
country = df["geoNetwork"].struct.field("country").fillna("")

# Extract the total number of page views within the session.
pageviews = df["totals"].struct.field("pageviews").fillna(0)

# Combine all the feature columns into a single DataFrame
# to use as training data.
features = bpd.DataFrame(
    {
        "os": operating_system,
        "is_mobile": is_mobile,
        "country": country,
        "pageviews": pageviews,
    }
)

# Logistic Regression model splits data into two classes, giving the
# a confidence score that the data is in one of the classes.
model = LogisticRegression()
model.fit(features, label)

# The model.fit() call above created a temporary model.
# Use the to_gbq() method to write to a permanent location.
model.to_gbq(
    your_model_id,  # For example: "bqml_tutorial.sample_model",
    replace=True,
)

import bigframes.pandas as bpd

# Select model you'll use for evaluating. `read_gbq_model` loads model data from a
# BigQuery, but you could also use the `model` object from the previous steps.
model = bpd.read_gbq_model(
    your_model_id,  # For example: "bqml_tutorial.sample_model",
)

# The filters parameter limits the number of tables scanned by the query.
# The date range scanned is July 1, 2017 to August 1, 2017. This is the
# data you're using to evaluate the predictive performance of the model.
# It was collected in the month immediately following the time period
# spanned by the training data.
df = bpd.read_gbq_table(
    "bigquery-public-data.google_analytics_sample.ga_sessions_*",
    filters=[
        ("_table_suffix", ">=", "20170701"),
        ("_table_suffix", "<=", "20170801"),
    ],
)

transactions = df["totals"].struct.field("transactions")
label = transactions.notnull().map({True: 1, False: 0}).rename("label")
operating_system = df["device"].struct.field("operatingSystem")
operating_system = operating_system.fillna("")
is_mobile = df["device"].struct.field("isMobile")
country = df["geoNetwork"].struct.field("country").fillna("")
pageviews = df["totals"].struct.field("pageviews").fillna(0)
features = bpd.DataFrame(
    {
        "os": operating_system,
        "is_mobile": is_mobile,
        "country": country,
        "pageviews": pageviews,
    }
)

# Some models include a convenient .score(X, y) method for evaluation with a preset accuracy metric:

# Because you performed a logistic regression, the results include the following columns:

# - precision — A metric for classification models. Precision identifies the frequency with
# which a model was correct when predicting the positive class.

# - recall — A metric for classification models that answers the following question:
# Out of all the possible positive labels, how many did the model correctly identify?

# - accuracy — Accuracy is the fraction of predictions that a classification model got right.

# - f1_score — A measure of the accuracy of the model. The f1 score is the harmonic average of
# the precision and recall. An f1 score's best value is 1. The worst value is 0.

# - log_loss — The loss function used in a logistic regression. This is the measure of how far the
# model's predictions are from the correct labels.

# - roc_auc — The area under the ROC curve. This is the probability that a classifier is more confident that
# a randomly chosen positive example
# is actually positive than that a randomly chosen negative example is positive. For more information,
# see ['Classification']('https://developers.google.com/machine-learning/crash-course/classification/video-lecture')
# in the Machine Learning Crash Course.

model.score(features, label)
#    precision    recall  accuracy  f1_score  log_loss   roc_auc
# 0   0.412621  0.079143  0.985074  0.132812  0.049764  0.974285
# [1 rows x 6 columns]

import bigframes.pandas as bpd

# Select model you'll use for predicting.
# `read_gbq_model` loads model data from
# BigQuery, but you could also use the `model`
# object from the previous steps.
model = bpd.read_gbq_model(
    your_model_id,  # For example: "bqml_tutorial.sample_model",
)

# The filters parameter limits the number of tables scanned by the query.
# The date range scanned is July 1, 2017 to August 1, 2017. This is the
# data you're using to make the prediction.
# It was collected in the month immediately following the time period
# spanned by the training data.
df = bpd.read_gbq_table(
    "bigquery-public-data.google_analytics_sample.ga_sessions_*",
    filters=[
        ("_table_suffix", ">=", "20170701"),
        ("_table_suffix", "<=", "20170801"),
    ],
)

operating_system = df["device"].struct.field("operatingSystem")
operating_system = operating_system.fillna("")
is_mobile = df["device"].struct.field("isMobile")
country = df["geoNetwork"].struct.field("country").fillna("")
pageviews = df["totals"].struct.field("pageviews").fillna(0)
features = bpd.DataFrame(
    {
        "os": operating_system,
        "is_mobile": is_mobile,
        "country": country,
        "pageviews": pageviews,
    }
)
# Use Logistic Regression predict method to predict results
# using your model.
# Find more information here in
# [BigFrames](https://cloud.google.com/python/docs/reference/bigframes/latest/bigframes.ml.linear_model.LogisticRegression#bigframes_ml_linear_model_LogisticRegression_predict)

predictions = model.predict(features)

# Call groupby method to group predicted_label by country.
# Call sum method to get the total_predicted_label by country.
total_predicted_purchases = predictions.groupby(["country"])[
    ["predicted_label"]
].sum()

# Call the sort_values method with the parameter
# ascending = False to get the highest values.
# Call head method to limit to the 10 highest values.
total_predicted_purchases.sort_values(ascending=False).head(10)

# country
# United States    220
# Taiwan             8
# Canada             7
# India              2
# Japan              2
# Turkey             2
# Australia          1
# Brazil             1
# Germany            1
# Guyana             1
# Name: predicted_label, dtype: Int64

import bigframes.pandas as bpd

# Select model you'll use for predicting.
# `read_gbq_model` loads model data from
# BigQuery, but you could also use the `model`
# object from the previous steps.
model = bpd.read_gbq_model(
    your_model_id,  # For example: "bqml_tutorial.sample_model",
)

# The filters parameter limits the number of tables scanned by the query.
# The date range scanned is July 1, 2017 to August 1, 2017. This is the
# data you're using to make the prediction.
# It was collected in the month immediately following the time period
# spanned by the training data.
df = bpd.read_gbq_table(
    "bigquery-public-data.google_analytics_sample.ga_sessions_*",
    filters=[
        ("_table_suffix", ">=", "20170701"),
        ("_table_suffix", "<=", "20170801"),
    ],
)

operating_system = df["device"].struct.field("operatingSystem")
operating_system = operating_system.fillna("")
is_mobile = df["device"].struct.field("isMobile")
country = df["geoNetwork"].struct.field("country").fillna("")
pageviews = df["totals"].struct.field("pageviews").fillna(0)
full_visitor_id = df["fullVisitorId"]

features = bpd.DataFrame(
    {
        "os": operating_system,
        "is_mobile": is_mobile,
        "country": country,
        "pageviews": pageviews,
        "fullVisitorId": full_visitor_id,
    }
)

predictions = model.predict(features)

# Call groupby method to group predicted_label by visitor.
# Call sum method to get the total_predicted_label by visitor.
total_predicted_purchases = predictions.groupby(["fullVisitorId"])[
    ["predicted_label"]
].sum()

# Call the sort_values method with the parameter
# ascending = False to get the highest values.
# Call head method to limit to the 10 highest values.
total_predicted_purchases.sort_values(ascending=False).head(10)

# fullVisitorId
# 9417857471295131045    4
# 0376394056092189113    2
# 0456807427403774085    2
# 057693500927581077     2
# 112288330928895942     2
# 1280993661204347450    2
# 2105122376016897629    2
# 2158257269735455737    2
# 2969418676126258798    2
# 489038402765684003     2
# Name: predicted_label, dtype: Int64