Collect Duo Telephony logs

This document explains how to ingest Duo Telephony logs to Google Security Operations using Amazon S3. The parser extracts fields from the logs, transforms and maps them to the Unified Data Model (UDM). It handles various Duo log formats, converting timestamps, extracting user information, network details, and security results, and finally structuring the output into the standardized UDM format.

Before you begin

Make sure you have the following prerequisites:

• Google SecOps instance.
• Privileged access to Duo Admin Panel with Owner role.
• Privileged access to AWS (S3, Identity and Access Management (IAM), Lambda, EventBridge).

Collect Duo prerequisites (API credentials)

1. Sign in to the Duo Admin Panel as an administrator with the Owner role.
2. Go to Applications > Application Catalog.
3. Locate the entry for Admin API in the catalog.
4. Click + Add to create the application.
5. Copy and save in a secure location the following details:
   • Integration Key
   • Secret Key
   • API Hostname (for example, api-yyyyyyyy.duosecurity.com)
6. In the Permissions section, deselect all the permission options except Grant read log.
7. Click Save Changes.

Configure AWS S3 bucket and IAM for Google SecOps

1. Create Amazon S3 bucket following this user guide: Creating a bucket
2. Save bucket Name and Region for future reference (for example, duo-telephony-logs).
3. Create a User following this user guide: Creating an IAM user.
4. Select the created User.
5. Select Security credentials tab.
6. Click Create Access Key in section Access Keys.
7. Select Third-party service as Use case.
8. Click Next.
9. Optional: Add a description tag.
10. Click Create access key.
11. Click Download .CSV file to save the Access Key and Secret Access Key for future reference.
12. Click Done.
13. Select the Permissions tab.
14. Click Add permissions in section Permissions policies.
15. Select Add permissions.
16. Select Attach policies directly.
17. Search for AmazonS3FullAccess policy.
18. Select the policy.
19. Click Next.
20. Click Add permissions.

Configure the IAM policy and role for S3 uploads

1. In the AWS console, go to IAM > Policies.
2. Click Create policy > JSON tab.
3. Copy and paste the following policy.

4. Policy JSON (replace duo-telephony-logs if you entered a different bucket name):

   {
     "Version": "2012-10-17",
     "Statement": [
       {
         "Sid": "AllowPutObjects",
         "Effect": "Allow",
         "Action": "s3:PutObject",
         "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::duo-telephony-logs/*"
       },
       {
         "Sid": "AllowGetStateObject",
         "Effect": "Allow",
         "Action": "s3:GetObject",
         "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::duo-telephony-logs/duo-telephony/state.json"
       }
     ]
   }
   

5. Click Next > Create policy.

6. Go to IAM > Roles > Create role > AWS service > Lambda.

7. Attach the newly created policy.

8. Name the role duo-telephony-lambda-role and click Create role.

Create the Lambda function

1. In the AWS Console, go to Lambda > Functions > Create function.
2. Click Author from scratch.

3. Provide the following configuration details:

   Setting	Value
   Name	duo-telephony-logs-collector
   Runtime	Python 3.13
   Architecture	x86_64
   Execution role	duo-telephony-lambda-role

4. After the function is created, open the Code tab, delete the stub and paste the following code (duo-telephony-logs-collector.py).

   import json
   import boto3
   import os
   import hmac
   import hashlib
   import base64
   import urllib.parse
   import urllib.request
   import email.utils
   from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
   from typing import Dict, Any, List, Optional
   from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
   
   s3 = boto3.client('s3')
   
   def lambda_handler(event, context):
       """
       Lambda function to fetch Duo telephony logs and store them in S3.
       """
       try:
           # Get configuration from environment variables
           bucket_name = os.environ['S3_BUCKET']
           s3_prefix = os.environ['S3_PREFIX'].rstrip('/')
           state_key = os.environ['STATE_KEY']
           integration_key = os.environ['DUO_IKEY']
           secret_key = os.environ['DUO_SKEY']
           api_hostname = os.environ['DUO_API_HOST']
   
           # Load state
           state = load_state(bucket_name, state_key)
   
           # Calculate time range
           now = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
           if state.get('last_offset'):
               # Continue from last offset
               next_offset = state['last_offset']
               logs = []
               has_more = True
           else:
               # Start from last timestamp or 24 hours ago
               mintime = state.get('last_timestamp_ms', 
                                 int((now - timedelta(hours=24)).timestamp() * 1000))
               # Apply 2-minute delay as recommended by Duo
               maxtime = int((now - timedelta(minutes=2)).timestamp() * 1000)
               next_offset = None
               logs = []
               has_more = True
   
           # Fetch logs with pagination
           total_fetched = 0
           max_iterations = int(os.environ.get('MAX_ITERATIONS', '10'))
   
           while has_more and total_fetched < max_iterations:
               if next_offset:
                   # Use offset for pagination
                   params = {
                       'limit': '1000',
                       'next_offset': next_offset
                   }
               else:
                   # Initial request with time range
                   params = {
                       'mintime': str(mintime),
                       'maxtime': str(maxtime),
                       'limit': '1000',
                       'sort': 'ts:asc'
                   }
   
               # Make API request with retry logic
               response = duo_api_call_with_retry(
                   'GET',
                   api_hostname,
                   '/admin/v2/logs/telephony',
                   params,
                   integration_key,
                   secret_key
               )
   
               if 'items' in response:
                   logs.extend(response['items'])
                   total_fetched += 1
   
                   # Check for more data
                   if 'metadata' in response and 'next_offset' in response['metadata']:
                       next_offset = response['metadata']['next_offset']
                       state['last_offset'] = next_offset
                   else:
                       has_more = False
                       state['last_offset'] = None
   
                       # Update timestamp for next run
                       if logs:
                           # Get the latest timestamp from logs
                           latest_ts = max([log.get('ts', '') for log in logs])
                           if latest_ts:
                               # Convert ISO timestamp to milliseconds
                               dt = datetime.fromisoformat(latest_ts.replace('Z', '+00:00'))
                               state['last_timestamp_ms'] = int(dt.timestamp() * 1000) + 1
               else:
                   has_more = False
   
           # Save logs to S3 if any were fetched
           if logs:
               timestamp = datetime.now(timezone.utc).strftime('%Y%m%d_%H%M%S')
               key = f"{s3_prefix}/telephony_{timestamp}.json"
   
               # Format logs as newline-delimited JSON
               log_data = '\n'.join(json.dumps(log) for log in logs)
   
               s3.put_object(
                   Bucket=bucket_name,
                   Key=key,
                   Body=log_data.encode('utf-8'),
                   ContentType='application/x-ndjson'
               )
   
               print(f"Saved {len(logs)} telephony logs to s3://{bucket_name}/{key}")
           else:
               print("No new telephony logs found")
   
           # Save state
           save_state(bucket_name, state_key, state)
   
           return {
               'statusCode': 200,
               'body': json.dumps({
                   'message': f'Successfully processed {len(logs)} telephony logs',
                   'logs_count': len(logs)
               })
           }
   
       except Exception as e:
           print(f"Error: {str(e)}")
           return {
               'statusCode': 500,
               'body': json.dumps({'error': str(e)})
           }
   
   def duo_api_call_with_retry(method: str, host: str, path: str, params: Dict[str, str], 
                               ikey: str, skey: str, max_retries: int = 3) -> Dict[str, Any]:
       """
       Make an authenticated API call to Duo Admin API with retry logic.
       """
       for attempt in range(max_retries):
           try:
               return duo_api_call(method, host, path, params, ikey, skey)
           except Exception as e:
               if '429' in str(e) or '5' in str(e)[:1]:  # Rate limit or server error
                   if attempt < max_retries - 1:
                       wait_time = (2 ** attempt) * 2  # Exponential backoff
                       print(f"Retrying after {wait_time} seconds...")
                       import time
                       time.sleep(wait_time)
                       continue
               raise
   
   def duo_api_call(method: str, host: str, path: str, params: Dict[str, str], 
                   ikey: str, skey: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
       """
       Make an authenticated API call to Duo Admin API.
       """
       # Create canonical string for signing using RFC 2822 date format
       now = email.utils.formatdate()
       canon = [now, method.upper(), host.lower(), path]
   
       # Add parameters
       args = []
       for key in sorted(params.keys()):
           val = params[key]
           args.append(f"{urllib.parse.quote(key, '~')}={urllib.parse.quote(val, '~')}")
       canon.append('&'.join(args))
       canon_str = '\n'.join(canon)
   
       # Sign the request
       sig = hmac.new(
           skey.encode('utf-8'),
           canon_str.encode('utf-8'),
           hashlib.sha1
       ).hexdigest()
   
       # Create authorization header
       auth = base64.b64encode(f"{ikey}:{sig}".encode('utf-8')).decode('utf-8')
   
       # Build URL
       url = f"https://{host}{path}"
       if params:
           url += '?' + '&'.join(args)
   
       # Make request
       req = urllib.request.Request(url)
       req.add_header('Authorization', f'Basic {auth}')
       req.add_header('Date', now)
       req.add_header('Host', host)
       req.add_header('User-Agent', 'duo-telephony-s3-ingestor/1.0')
   
       try:
           with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=30) as response:
               data = json.loads(response.read().decode('utf-8'))
               if data.get('stat') == 'OK':
                   return data.get('response', {})
               else:
                   raise Exception(f"API error: {data.get('message', 'Unknown error')}")
       except urllib.error.HTTPError as e:
           error_body = e.read().decode('utf-8')
           raise Exception(f"HTTP error {e.code}: {error_body}")
   
   def load_state(bucket: str, key: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
       """Load state from S3."""
       try:
           response = s3.get_object(Bucket=bucket, Key=key)
           return json.loads(response['Body'].read().decode('utf-8'))
       except ClientError as e:
           if e.response.get('Error', {}).get('Code') in ('NoSuchKey', '404'):
               return {}
           print(f"Error loading state: {e}")
           return {}
       except Exception as e:
           print(f"Error loading state: {e}")
           return {}
   
   def save_state(bucket: str, key: str, state: Dict[str, Any]):
       """Save state to S3."""
       try:
           s3.put_object(
               Bucket=bucket,
               Key=key,
               Body=json.dumps(state).encode('utf-8'),
               ContentType='application/json'
           )
       except Exception as e:
           print(f"Error saving state: {e}")
   

5. Go to Configuration > Environment variables.

6. Click Edit > Add new environment variable.

7. Enter the environment variables provided in the following table, replacing the example values with your values.

   Environment variables

   Key	Example value
   S3_BUCKET	duo-telephony-logs
   S3_PREFIX	duo-telephony/
   STATE_KEY	duo-telephony/state.json
   DUO_IKEY	<your-integration-key>
   DUO_SKEY	<your-secret-key>
   DUO_API_HOST	api-yyyyyyyy.duosecurity.com
   MAX_ITERATIONS	10

8. After the function is created, stay on its page (or open Lambda > Functions > duo-telephony-logs-collector).

9. Select the Configuration tab.

10. In the General configuration panel, click Edit.

11. Change Timeout to 5 minutes (300 seconds) and click Save.

Create an EventBridge schedule

1. Go to Amazon EventBridge > Scheduler > Create schedule.
2. Provide the following configuration details:
   • Recurring schedule: Rate (1 hour).
   • Target: your Lambda function duo-telephony-logs-collector.
   • Name: duo-telephony-logs-1h.
3. Click Create schedule.

(Optional) Create read-only IAM user & keys for Google SecOps

1. Go to AWS Console > IAM > Users.
2. Click Add users.
3. Provide the following configuration details:
   • User: Enter secops-reader.
   • Access type: Select Access key – Programmatic access.
4. Click Create user.
5. Attach minimal read policy (custom): Users > secops-reader > Permissions > Add permissions > Attach policies directly > Create policy.

6. JSON:

   {
     "Version": "2012-10-17",
     "Statement": [
       {
         "Effect": "Allow",
         "Action": ["s3:GetObject"],
         "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::duo-telephony-logs/*"
       },
       {
         "Effect": "Allow",
         "Action": ["s3:ListBucket"],
         "Resource": "arn:aws:s3:::duo-telephony-logs"
       }
     ]
   }
   

7. Name = secops-reader-policy.

8. Click Create policy > search/select > Next > Add permissions.

9. Create access key for secops-reader: Security credentials > Access keys.

10. Click Create access key.

11. Download the .CSV. (You'll paste these values into the feed).

Configure a feed in Google SecOps to ingest Duo Telephony logs

1. Go to SIEM Settings > Feeds.
2. Click + Add New Feed.
3. In the Feed name field, enter a name for the feed (for example, Duo Telephony logs).
4. Select Amazon S3 V2 as the Source type.
5. Select Duo Telephony Logs as the Log type.
6. Click Next.
7. Specify values for the following input parameters:
   • S3 URI: s3://duo-telephony-logs/duo-telephony/
   • Source deletion options: Select deletion option according to your preference.
   • Maximum File Age: Include files modified in the last number of days. Default is 180 days.
   • Access Key ID: User access key with access to the S3 bucket.
   • Secret Access Key: User secret key with access to the S3 bucket.
   • Asset namespace: The asset namespace.
   • Ingestion labels: The label applied to the events from this feed.
8. Click Next.
9. Review your new feed configuration in the Finalize screen, and then click Submit.

UDM mapping table

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