설치된 앱을 사용자 계정으로 인증

이 가이드에서는 앱이 사용자 머신에 설치될 때 BigQuery API에 액세스하기 위해 사용자 계정을 사용하여 인증하는 방법을 설명합니다.

앱이 최종 사용자가 사용할 수 있는 BigQuery 테이블에만 액세스하도록 하기위해 사용자 인증 정보를 사용하여 인증합니다. 사용자 인증 정보는 앱의 프로젝트가 아니라 최종 사용자의 Google Cloud 프로젝트에 대해서만 쿼리를 실행할 수 있습니다. 따라서 앱이 아닌 쿼리를 기준으로 사용자에게 비용이 청구됩니다.

시작하기 전에

  1. 설치된 앱을 나타내는 Google Cloud 프로젝트를 만듭니다.
  2. BigQuery 클라이언트 라이브러리를 설치합니다.
  3. 인증 라이브러리를 설치합니다.

    Java

    Maven을 사용하는 경우 pom 파일에 다음 종속 항목을 포함합니다. 

    <dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.oauth-client</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-oauth-client-java6</artifactId>
  <version>1.31.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.google.oauth-client</groupId>
  <artifactId>google-oauth-client-jetty</artifactId>
  <version>1.31.0</version>
</dependency>

    Python

    Google Auth용 oauthlib 통합을 설치합니다. 

    pip install --upgrade google-auth-oauthlib

    Node.js

    Google Auth용 oauthlib 통합을 설치합니다. 

    npm install google-auth-library
    npm install readline-promise

클라이언트 사용자 인증 정보 설정

다음 버튼을 사용하여 프로젝트를 선택하고 필요한 사용자 인증 정보를 만듭니다.

사용자 인증 정보 가져오기

사용자 인증 정보 수동 생성

  1. Google Cloud 콘솔에서 사용자 인증 정보 페이지로 이동합니다.
  2. OAuth 동의 화면에서 필수 입력란을 작성합니다.
  3. 사용자 인증 정보 페이지에서 사용자 인증 정보 만들기 버튼을 클릭합니다.

    OAuth 클라이언트 ID를 선택합니다.

  4. 앱 유형으로 데스크톱을 선택한 후 만들기를 클릭합니다.
  5. JSON 다운로드 버튼을 클릭하여 사용자 인증 정보를 다운로드합니다.

    JSON 다운로드

    사용자 인증 정보 파일을 client_secrets.json에 저장합니다. 이 파일을 앱과 함께 배포해야 합니다.

API 인증 및 호출

  1. 클라이언트 사용자 인증 정보를 사용하여 OAuth 2.0 흐름을 수행합니다.

    Java

    import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.java6.auth.oauth2.AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.jetty.auth.oauth2.LocalServerReceiver;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleClientSecrets;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.util.store.FileDataStoreFactory;
import com.google.api.gax.paging.Page;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.UserCredentials;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.Dataset;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.List;

// Sample to authenticate by using a user credential
public class AuthUserFlow {

  private static final File DATA_STORE_DIR =
      new File(AuthUserFlow.class.getResource("/").getPath(), "credentials");
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
  // i.e redirect_uri http://localhost:61984/Callback
  private static final int LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT = 61984;

  public static void runAuthUserFlow() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    /**
     * Download your OAuth2 configuration from the Google Developers Console API Credentials page.
     * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials
     */
    Path credentialsPath = Paths.get("path/to/your/client_secret.json");
    List<String> scopes = ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery");
    authUserFlow(credentialsPath, scopes);
  }

  public static void authUserFlow(Path credentialsPath, List<String> selectedScopes) {
    // Reading credentials file
    try (InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(credentialsPath)) {

      // Load client_secret.json file
      GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets =
          GoogleClientSecrets.load(JSON_FACTORY, new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
      String clientId = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientId();
      String clientSecret = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientSecret();

      // Generate the url that will be used for the consent dialog.
      GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow =
          new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(
                  GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
                  JSON_FACTORY,
                  clientSecrets,
                  selectedScopes)
              .setDataStoreFactory(new FileDataStoreFactory(DATA_STORE_DIR))
              .setAccessType("offline")
              .setApprovalPrompt("auto")
              .build();

      // Exchange an authorization code for  refresh token
      LocalServerReceiver receiver =
          new LocalServerReceiver.Builder().setPort(LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT).build();
      Credential credential = new AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp(flow, receiver).authorize("user");

      // OAuth2 Credentials representing a user's identity and consent
      GoogleCredentials credentials =
          UserCredentials.newBuilder()
              .setClientId(clientId)
              .setClientSecret(clientSecret)
              .setRefreshToken(credential.getRefreshToken())
              .build();

      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery =
          BigQueryOptions.newBuilder().setCredentials(credentials).build().getService();

      Page<Dataset> datasets = bigquery.listDatasets(BigQuery.DatasetListOption.pageSize(100));
      if (datasets == null) {
        System.out.println("Dataset does not contain any models");
        return;
      }
      datasets
          .iterateAll()
          .forEach(
              dataset -> System.out.printf("Success! Dataset ID: %s ", dataset.getDatasetId()));

    } catch (BigQueryException | IOException | GeneralSecurityException ex) {
      System.out.println("Project does not contain any datasets \n" + ex.toString());
    }
  }
}

    Python

    from google_auth_oauthlib import flow

# A local server is used as the callback URL in the auth flow.
appflow = flow.InstalledAppFlow.from_client_secrets_file(
    "client_secrets.json", scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery"]
)

# This launches a local server to be used as the callback URL in the desktop
# app auth flow. If you are accessing the application remotely, such as over
# SSH or a remote Jupyter notebook, this flow will not work. Use the
# `gcloud auth application-default login --no-browser` command or workload
# identity federation to get authentication tokens, instead.
#
appflow.run_local_server()

credentials = appflow.credentials

    Node.js

    const {OAuth2Client} = require('google-auth-library');
const readline = require('readline-promise').default;

function startRl() {
  const rl = readline.createInterface({
    input: process.stdin,
    output: process.stdout,
  });

  return rl;
}

/**
 * Download your OAuth2 configuration from the Google
 * Developers Console API Credentials page.
 * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials
 */
const keys = require('./oauth2.keys.json');

/**
 * Create a new OAuth2Client, and go through the OAuth2 content
 * workflow. Return the full client to the callback.
 */
async function getRedirectUrl() {
  const rl = main.startRl();
  // Create an oAuth client to authorize the API call.  Secrets are kept in a `keys.json` file,
  // which should be downloaded from the Google Developers Console.
  const oAuth2Client = new OAuth2Client(
    keys.installed.client_id,
    keys.installed.client_secret,
    keys.installed.redirect_uris[0]
  );

  // Generate the url that will be used for the consent dialog.
  const authorizeUrl = oAuth2Client.generateAuthUrl({
    access_type: 'offline',
    scope: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery',
    prompt: 'consent',
  });

  console.info(
    `Please visit this URL to authorize this application: ${authorizeUrl}`
  );

  const code = await rl.questionAsync('Enter the authorization code: ');
  const tokens = await main.exchangeCode(code);
  rl.close();

  return tokens;
}

// Exchange an authorization code for an access token
async function exchangeCode(code) {
  const oAuth2Client = new OAuth2Client(
    keys.installed.client_id,
    keys.installed.client_secret,
    keys.installed.redirect_uris[0]
  );

  const r = await oAuth2Client.getToken(code);
  console.info(r.tokens);
  return r.tokens;
}

async function authFlow(projectId = 'project_id') {
  /**
   * TODO(developer):
   * Save Project ID as environment variable PROJECT_ID="project_id"
   * Uncomment the following line before running the sample.
   */
  // projectId = process.env.PROJECT_ID;

  const tokens = await main.getRedirectUrl();

  const credentials = {
    type: 'authorized_user',
    client_id: keys.installed.client_id,
    client_secret: keys.installed.client_secret,
    refresh_token: tokens.refresh_token,
  };

  return {
    projectId,
    credentials,
  };
}
  2. 인증된 사용자 인증 정보를 사용하여 BigQuery API에 연결합니다.

    Java

    import com.google.api.client.auth.oauth2.Credential;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.java6.auth.oauth2.AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp;
import com.google.api.client.extensions.jetty.auth.oauth2.LocalServerReceiver;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.auth.oauth2.GoogleClientSecrets;
import com.google.api.client.googleapis.javanet.GoogleNetHttpTransport;
import com.google.api.client.json.JsonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.json.jackson2.JacksonFactory;
import com.google.api.client.util.store.FileDataStoreFactory;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.UserCredentials;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQuery;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryException;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.BigQueryOptions;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.QueryJobConfiguration;
import com.google.cloud.bigquery.TableResult;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.util.List;

// Sample to query by using a user credential
public class AuthUserQuery {

  private static final File DATA_STORE_DIR =
      new File(AuthUserQuery.class.getResource("/").getPath(), "credentials");
  private static final JsonFactory JSON_FACTORY = JacksonFactory.getDefaultInstance();
  // i.e redirect_uri http://localhost:61984/Callback
  private static final int LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT = 61984;

  public static void runAuthUserQuery() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    /**
     * Download your OAuth2 configuration from the Google Developers Console API Credentials page.
     * https://console.cloud.google.com/apis/credentials
     */
    Path credentialsPath = Paths.get("path/to/your/client_secret.json");
    List<String> scopes = ImmutableList.of("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/bigquery");
    String query =
        "SELECT name, SUM(number) as total"
            + "  FROM `bigquery-public-data.usa_names.usa_1910_current`"
            + "  WHERE name = 'William'"
            + "  GROUP BY name;";
    authUserQuery(credentialsPath, scopes, query);
  }

  public static void authUserQuery(
      Path credentialsPath, List<String> selectedScopes, String query) {
    // Reading credentials file
    try (InputStream inputStream = Files.newInputStream(credentialsPath)) {

      // Load client_secret.json file
      GoogleClientSecrets clientSecrets =
          GoogleClientSecrets.load(JSON_FACTORY, new InputStreamReader(inputStream));
      String clientId = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientId();
      String clientSecret = clientSecrets.getDetails().getClientSecret();

      // Generate the url that will be used for the consent dialog.
      GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow flow =
          new GoogleAuthorizationCodeFlow.Builder(
                  GoogleNetHttpTransport.newTrustedTransport(),
                  JSON_FACTORY,
                  clientSecrets,
                  selectedScopes)
              .setDataStoreFactory(new FileDataStoreFactory(DATA_STORE_DIR))
              .setAccessType("offline")
              .setApprovalPrompt("auto")
              .build();

      // Exchange an authorization code for  refresh token
      LocalServerReceiver receiver =
          new LocalServerReceiver.Builder().setPort(LOCAL_RECEIVER_PORT).build();
      Credential credential = new AuthorizationCodeInstalledApp(flow, receiver).authorize("user");

      // OAuth2 Credentials representing a user's identity and consent
      GoogleCredentials credentials =
          UserCredentials.newBuilder()
              .setClientId(clientId)
              .setClientSecret(clientSecret)
              .setRefreshToken(credential.getRefreshToken())
              .build();

      // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
      // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
      BigQuery bigquery =
          BigQueryOptions.newBuilder().setCredentials(credentials).build().getService();

      QueryJobConfiguration queryConfig = QueryJobConfiguration.newBuilder(query).build();

      TableResult results = bigquery.query(queryConfig);

      results
          .iterateAll()
          .forEach(row -> row.forEach(val -> System.out.printf("%s,", val.toString())));

      System.out.println("Query performed successfully.");

    } catch (BigQueryException | IOException | GeneralSecurityException | InterruptedException ex) {
      System.out.println("Query not performed \n" + ex.toString());
    }
  }
}

    Python

    from google.cloud import bigquery

# TODO: Uncomment the line below to set the `project` variable.
# project = 'user-project-id'
#
# The `project` variable defines the project to be billed for query
# processing. The user must have the bigquery.jobs.create permission on
# this project to run a query. See:
# https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/access-control#permissions

client = bigquery.Client(project=project, credentials=credentials)

query_string = """SELECT name, SUM(number) as total
FROM `bigquery-public-data.usa_names.usa_1910_current`
WHERE name = 'William'
GROUP BY name;
"""
results = client.query_and_wait(query_string)

# Print the results.
for row in results:  # Wait for the job to complete.
    print("{}: {}".format(row["name"], row["total"]))

    Node.js

    async function query() {
  const {BigQuery} = require('@google-cloud/bigquery');

  const credentials = await main.authFlow();
  const bigquery = new BigQuery(credentials);

  // Queries the U.S. given names dataset for the state of Texas.
  const query = `SELECT name, SUM(number) as total
  FROM \`bigquery-public-data.usa_names.usa_1910_current\`
  WHERE name = 'William'
  GROUP BY name;`;

  // For all options, see https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/rest/v2/jobs/query
  const options = {
    query: query,
  };

  // Run the query as a job
  const [job] = await bigquery.createQueryJob(options);
  console.log(`Job ${job.id} started.`);

  // Wait for the query to finish
  const [rows] = await job.getQueryResults();

  // Print the results
  console.log('Rows:');
  rows.forEach(row => console.log(row));

  return rows;
}

const main = {
  query,
  authFlow,
  exchangeCode,
  getRedirectUrl,
  startRl,
};
module.exports = {
  main,
};

if (module === require.main) {
  query().catch(console.error);
}

샘플 코드를 실행하면 클라이언트 보안 비밀번호와 연결된 프로젝트의 액세스를 요청하는 브라우저가 시작됩니다. 샘플이 BigQuery 범위를 요청했으므로, 결과 사용자 인증 정보를 통해 사용자의 BigQuery 리소스에 액세스할 수 있습니다.

다음 단계

  1. BigQuery API에 액세스하기 위해 앱을 인증하는 다른 방법 알아보기
  2. 모든 Cloud APIs에 대해 최종 사용자 인증 정보로 인증하는 방법 알아보기