Authenticate by using tokens through Workload Identity Federation

This document describes how to authenticate to Google Cloud by using tokens through Workload Identity Federation. With Workload Identity Federation, you can grant on-premises or multicloud SAP workloads access to Google Cloud resources without using a service account key. You can use Workload Identity Federation with Amazon Web Services (AWS) or with any identity provider (IdP) that supports OpenID Connect (OIDC), such as Microsoft Azure or SAML 2.0.

Workload Identity Federation follows the OAuth 2.0 token exchange specification. You provide a credential from your IdP to the Security Token Service, which verifies the identity on the credential, and then returns a federated access token in exchange. You can use this federated access token directly with supported services or use it to impersonate a service account and obtain a short-lived access token. The short-lived access token lets you call any Google Cloud APIs that the service account has access to.

For authentication using tokens through Workload Identity Federation, the high-level configuration steps are as follows:

  1. Prepare your external IdP.
  2. In Google Cloud, configure Workload Identity Federation.
  3. In Google Cloud, create a service account.
  4. In Google Cloud, allow the external workload to impersonate the service account.
  5. In ABAP SDK for Google Cloud, implement ABAP code to retrieve security tokens from your IdP.
  6. In ABAP SDK for Google Cloud, configure client key.

Not all Google Cloud products support Workload Identity Federation. Before setting up authentication using Workload Identity Federation, review the list of supported products and limitations. For more information, see Workforce identity federation: supported products and limitations.

Prepare your external IdP

You need to prepare your IdP so that your SAP workload can obtain credentials that can be exchanged for a Google OAuth 2.0 security token.

To prepare your external IdP, perform the steps depending on your IdP:

Configure Workload Identity Federation

In Google Cloud, configure workload identity pool and providers.

You configure an identity pool, which is an entity that lets you manage external identities. You also configure a workload identity pool provider, which is an entity that describes a relationship between Google Cloud and your IdP.

To configure Workload Identity Federation, perform the steps depending on your external IdP:

Make a note of the following:

  • Project number: the project number of the Google Cloud project where you created the workload identity pool.
  • Pool ID: a unique ID that identifies the workload identity pool.
  • Provider ID: an ID that identifies the workload identity pool provider.

You need them for the ABAP SDK client key configuration.

Create a service account

In Google Cloud console, create a dedicated IAM service account to access Google Cloud APIs. This service account must be a principal in the Google Cloud project that contains the Google Cloud APIs that you plan to consume using the SDK.

  1. In the Google Cloud console, enable the IAM Service Account Credentials API, Security Token Service API, and any other supported APIs that you plan to access using the SDK.

    Go to API library

    For information about how to enable Google Cloud APIs, see Enabling APIs.

  2. Create a service account that represents the workload.

  3. Grant the service account the required IAM roles to access the API functionality. To understand the role requirement for Google Cloud APIs, see the individual API documentation and follow the principle of least privilege. For more information about API specific predefined roles, see Find IAM roles for Google Cloud APIs.

Allow the external workload to impersonate the service account

To allow the external workload to impersonate the service account, perform the steps depending on your external IdP:

Implement ABAP code to retrieve security tokens from your IdP

ABAP SDK for Google Cloud provides an abstract class /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_BASE, which has the logic to retrieve OAuth 2.0 security tokens from the Security Token Service and OAuth 2.0 access tokens from the IAM Service Account Credentials API. As a developer, you need to create a child class in your namespace that inherits from the abstract class /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_BASE.

To invoke Cloud Run functions from the ABAP SDK for Google Cloud by using Workload Identity Federation, the SDK provides another abstract class /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_ID_TOKEN. If you set up authentication by using Workload Identity Federation, then you need to create one more child class in your namespace that inherits from the abstract class /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_ID_TOKEN. You specify this child class in the Authorization Class field while configuring client key to invoke Cloud Run functions.

Make sure to implement the method GET_EXT_IDP_TOKEN in the child class and write the logic to get the security token from your IdP. Populate the following fields:

  • CV_TOKEN: the token retrieved from your IdP in the string format.
  • CV_TOKEN_TYPE: the type of the security token retrieved from your IdP. The supported token types are:
    • urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:jwt
    • urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:id_token
    • urn:ietf:params:aws:token-type:aws4_request
    • urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:access_token
    • urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:saml2

The values populated in CV_TOKEN and CV_TOKEN_TYPE are then used by methods of the abstract class /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_BASE to exchange and retrieve the final OAuth 2.0 token, which is used in the API calls.

The following example shows the sample implementations of method GET_EXT_IDP_TOKEN for other Cloud providers such as AWS and Azure.

AWS 

class ZCL_AUTH_WIF_AWS definition
  public
  inheriting from /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_BASE
  final
  create public .

public section.

  types:
    BEGIN OF t_header_field,
      key type string,
      value TYPE string,
    END OF t_header_field .
  types:
    tt_header_field type STANDARD TABLE OF t_header_field WITH DEFAULT KEY .
  types:
    BEGIN OF t_token_request,
     url type string,
     method type string,
     headers type tt_header_field,
   END OF t_token_request .
protected section.

  methods GET_EXT_IDP_TOKEN
    redefinition .
private section.
ENDCLASS.



CLASS ZCL_AUTH_WIF_AWS IMPLEMENTATION.


METHOD get_ext_idp_token.
**********************************************************************
*  Copyright 2024 Google LLC                                         *
*                                                                    *
*  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");   *
*  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  *
*  You may obtain a copy of the License at                           *
*      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                   *
*  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,        *
*  software distributed under the License is distributed on an       *
*  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,      *
*  either express or implied.                                        *
*  See the License for the specific language governing permissions   *
*  and limitations under the License.                                *
**********************************************************************

  DATA: ls_key       TYPE /goog/client_key.

  /goog/cl_utility=>get_client_key( EXPORTING iv_keyname    = iv_keyname
                                        IMPORTING es_client_key = ls_key ).


  DATA: lv_awsdate TYPE string.

  DATA: lv_date         TYPE dats,
        lv_time         TYPE tims,
        lv_timestamp    TYPE timestampl,
        lv_tz_utc       TYPE timezone VALUE 'UTC',
        lv_awsts        TYPE string,
        lv_timechar(32) TYPE c.

  GET TIME STAMP FIELD lv_timestamp.

  CONVERT TIME STAMP lv_timestamp TIME ZONE lv_tz_utc INTO DATE lv_date TIME lv_time.
  MOVE lv_timestamp TO lv_timechar.
  CONDENSE lv_timechar.

  lv_awsdate = lv_date(4) &&
               lv_date+4(2) &&
               lv_date+6(2) &&
               'T' &&
               lv_time(2) &&
               lv_time+2(2) &&
               lv_time+4(2) &&
               'Z'.

  TRANSLATE lv_awsdate TO UPPER CASE.

  DATA: lv_lf TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_secret_key TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_accesskey TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_datepart TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_service TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_method TYPE string.

  lv_lf = cl_abap_char_utilities=>newline.
  lv_accesskey = '<Populate AWS Access Key>'.
  lv_secret_key = '<Populate AWS Secret Access Key>'.
  lv_datepart = lv_awsdate(8).
  lv_service = 'sts'.
  lv_method = 'GET'.


  DATA: lv_canonical_query_params TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_host TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_region TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_canonical_resource_path TYPE string.

  lv_canonical_query_params = 'Action=GetCallerIdentity&Version=2011-06-15'.
  lv_host = 'sts.amazonaws.com'.
  lv_region = '<Populate your AWS Region>'.   "Example: 'us-east-1'
  lv_canonical_resource_path = '/'.

  DATA: lv_canonical_header_names TYPE string.
  DATA: lv_canonical_headers TYPE string.

  lv_canonical_header_names = 'host;x-amz-date'.
  lv_canonical_headers = 'host:' && lv_host && lv_lf && 'x-amz-date:' && lv_awsdate && lv_lf.

  DATA: lv_canonical_request TYPE string.

  CONCATENATE lv_method lv_lf
              lv_canonical_resource_path lv_lf
              lv_canonical_query_params lv_lf
              lv_canonical_headers lv_lf
              lv_canonical_header_names
              INTO lv_canonical_request.

  DATA: lv_canonical_request_hash TYPE string.

  TRY.
      cl_abap_message_digest=>calculate_hash_for_char(
       EXPORTING
         if_algorithm = 'SHA-256'
         if_data = lv_canonical_request
       IMPORTING
         ef_hashstring = lv_canonical_request_hash ).
    CATCH cx_abap_message_digest.
      "Handle error
      RETURN.
  ENDTRY.

  TRANSLATE lv_canonical_request_hash TO LOWER CASE.

  DATA: lv_algorithm TYPE string.

  lv_algorithm = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256'.

  DATA: lv_credential_scope TYPE string.

  CONCATENATE lv_datepart '/' lv_region '/' lv_service '/' 'aws4_request' INTO lv_credential_scope.

  DATA: lv_string_to_sign TYPE string.

  CONCATENATE lv_algorithm lv_lf
              lv_awsdate lv_lf
              lv_credential_scope lv_lf
              lv_canonical_request_hash
              INTO lv_string_to_sign.

  DATA: lv_awskey TYPE string.

  CONCATENATE 'AWS4' lv_secret_key INTO lv_awskey.

  DATA: lv_ksecret TYPE xstring.

  TRY.
      lv_ksecret = cl_abap_hmac=>string_to_xstring( lv_awskey ).
    CATCH cx_abap_message_digest .
      "Handle error
      RETURN.
  ENDTRY.

  DATA: lv_kdate  TYPE xstring.
  TRY.
      cl_abap_hmac=>calculate_hmac_for_char(
        EXPORTING
           if_algorithm = 'SHA256'
           if_key = lv_ksecret
           if_data = lv_datepart
        IMPORTING
           ef_hmacxstring = lv_kdate ).
    CATCH cx_abap_message_digest. "
      "Handle error
      RETURN.
  ENDTRY.

  DATA: lv_kregion TYPE xstring.
  TRY.
      cl_abap_hmac=>calculate_hmac_for_char(
        EXPORTING
           if_algorithm = 'SHA256'
           if_key = lv_kdate
           if_data = lv_region
        IMPORTING
             ef_hmacxstring = lv_kregion ).
    CATCH cx_abap_message_digest.
      "Handle error
      RETURN.
  ENDTRY.

  DATA: lv_kservice TYPE xstring.
  TRY.
      cl_abap_hmac=>calculate_hmac_for_char(
         EXPORTING
           if_algorithm = 'SHA256'
           if_key = lv_kregion
           if_data = lv_service
           IMPORTING
             ef_hmacxstring = lv_kservice ).
    CATCH cx_abap_message_digest.
      "Handle error
      RETURN.
  ENDTRY.

  DATA: lv_ksigningkey TYPE xstring.
  TRY.
      cl_abap_hmac=>calculate_hmac_for_char(
         EXPORTING
           if_algorithm = 'SHA256'
           if_key = lv_kservice
           if_data = 'aws4_request'
         IMPORTING
             ef_hmacxstring = lv_ksigningkey ).
    CATCH cx_abap_message_digest.
      "Handle error
      RETURN.
  ENDTRY.

  DATA: lv_stringtosign TYPE string.

  lv_stringtosign = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256' && lv_lf &&
                   lv_awsdate && lv_lf &&
                   lv_datepart && '/' &&
                   lv_region && '/' &&
                   lv_service && '/aws4_request' && lv_lf &&
                   lv_canonical_request_hash.

  DATA: lv_ssignature TYPE string.

  TRY.
      cl_abap_hmac=>calculate_hmac_for_char(
         EXPORTING
           if_algorithm = 'SHA256'
           if_key = lv_ksigningkey
           if_data = lv_stringtosign
         IMPORTING
           ef_hmacstring = lv_ssignature ).
    CATCH cx_abap_message_digest.
      "Handle error
      RETURN.
  ENDTRY.

  TRANSLATE lv_ssignature TO LOWER CASE.

  DATA: lv_authorization_header TYPE string.

  lv_authorization_header = 'AWS4-HMAC-SHA256 Credential=' &&
                            lv_accesskey && '/' &&
                            lv_credential_scope &&
                            ', SignedHeaders=' &&
                            lv_canonical_header_names &&
                            ', Signature=' &&
                            lv_ssignature.

  DATA: ls_token_request TYPE t_token_request.

  ls_token_request-url = 'https://sts.amazonaws.com?Action=GetCallerIdentity&Version=2011-06-15'.
  ls_token_request-method = 'POST'.

  DATA: ls_header_field TYPE t_header_field.
  ls_header_field-key = 'Authorization'.
  ls_header_field-value = lv_authorization_header.
  APPEND ls_header_field TO ls_token_request-headers.

  CLEAR: ls_header_field.
  ls_header_field-key = 'host'.
  ls_header_field-value = 'sts.amazonaws.com'.
  APPEND ls_header_field TO ls_token_request-headers.

  CLEAR: ls_header_field.
  ls_header_field-key = 'x-amz-date'.
  ls_header_field-value = lv_awsdate.
  APPEND ls_header_field TO ls_token_request-headers.

  CLEAR: ls_header_field.
  ls_header_field-key = 'x-goog-cloud-target-resource'.
  ls_header_field-value = '//iam.googleapis.com/projects/' &&
                               ls_key-project_id &&
                               '/locations/global/workloadIdentityPools/' &&
                               ls_key-auth_param1 &&
                               '/providers/' &&
                               ls_key-auth_param2.
  APPEND ls_header_field TO ls_token_request-headers.

  cv_token = /ui2/cl_json=>serialize(  ls_token_request ).
  cv_token_type = 'urn:ietf:params:aws:token-type:aws4_request'.

ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Azure 

class ZCL_AUTH_WIF_AZURE definition
  public
  inheriting from /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_BASE
  final
  create public .

public section.
protected section.

  methods GET_EXT_IDP_TOKEN
    redefinition .
private section.
ENDCLASS.



CLASS ZCL_AUTH_WIF_AZURE IMPLEMENTATION.


  METHOD GET_EXT_IDP_TOKEN.
**********************************************************************
*  Copyright 2024 Google LLC                                         *
*                                                                    *
*  Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");   *
*  you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.  *
*  You may obtain a copy of the License at                           *
*      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0                   *
*  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing,        *
*  software distributed under the License is distributed on an       *
*  "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND,      *
*  either express or implied.                                        *
*  See the License for the specific language governing permissions   *
*  and limitations under the License.                                *
**********************************************************************

    TYPES:
      BEGIN OF t_azure_resp,
        access_token TYPE string,
      END OF t_azure_resp.

    DATA: lo_client TYPE REF TO if_http_client.

    DATA: lv_url type string.
    lv_url = 'http://169.254.169.254/metadata/identity/oauth2/token?resource=<APP_ID_URI>&api-version=2018-02-01'.
    "Replace <APP_ID_URI> with the value of Application ID URI of the application that you've configured for workload identity federation.

    cl_http_client=>create_by_url(
       EXPORTING
         url                        = lv_url
       IMPORTING
         client                     = lo_client
       EXCEPTIONS
         argument_not_found         = 1
         plugin_not_active          = 2
         internal_error             = 3
         pse_not_found              = 4
         pse_not_distrib            = 5
         pse_errors                 = 6
         oa2c_set_token_error       = 7
         oa2c_missing_authorization = 8
         oa2c_invalid_config        = 9
         oa2c_invalid_parameters    = 10
         oa2c_invalid_scope         = 11
         oa2c_invalid_grant         = 12
         OTHERS                     = 13 ).

    IF sy-subrc <> 0.
      RETURN.
    ENDIF.

    lo_client->request->set_method( 'GET' ).
    lo_client->request->set_header_field( name = 'Metadata' value = 'true' ).

    lo_client->send(
      EXCEPTIONS
        http_communication_failure = 1
        http_invalid_state         = 2
        http_processing_failed     = 3
        http_invalid_timeout       = 4
        OTHERS                     = 5 ).

    lo_client->propertytype_logon_popup = lo_client->co_disabled.

    lo_client->receive(
      EXCEPTIONS
      http_communication_failure = 1
      http_invalid_state         = 2
      http_processing_failed     = 3 ).

    DATA: lv_json TYPE string.

    lv_json = lo_client->response->get_cdata( ).

    DATA: ls_azure_resp TYPE t_azure_resp.

    /goog/cl_json=>deserialize(
      EXPORTING
        json             = lv_json
      CHANGING
        data             = ls_azure_resp ).
    cv_token = ls_azure_resp-access_token.
    cv_token_type = 'urn:ietf:params:oauth:token-type:jwt'.

  ENDMETHOD.
ENDCLASS.

Configure client key

  1. In SAP GUI, execute the transaction code /GOOG/SDK_IMG.

    Alternatively, execute the transaction code SPRO, and then click SAP Reference IMG.

  2. Click ABAP SDK for Google Cloud > Basic Settings > Configure Client Key.
  3. Click New Entries.

  4. Enter values for the following fields:

    Field Description
    Google Cloud Key Name Specify a name of the client key configuration.
    Google Cloud Service Account Name Specify the name of the service account, in email address format, that was created to access Google Cloud APIs in the step Create a service account. For example: sap-example-svc-acct@example-project-123456.iam.gserviceaccount.com.
    Google Cloud Scope Leave this field blank.
    Google Cloud Project Identifier Specify the ID of the Google Cloud project where you created the workload identity pool.
    Command name Leave this field blank.
    Authorization Class Specify the child class, which contains the implementation of class /GOOG/CL_AUTH_WIF_BASE. For more information, see Implement ABAP code to retrieve security tokens from your IdP.
    Token Caching Leave this field blank.
    Token Refresh Seconds Leave this field blank.
    Authorization Parameter 1 Specify the workload identity pool ID.
    Authorization Parameter 2 Specify the workload identity provider ID.

  5. Save the entry.

Get support

If you need help resolving problems with the ABAP SDK for Google Cloud, then do the following: