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Dokumen ini memberikan petunjuk tentang cara memuat sejumlah kecil data dalam format file CSV ke Spanner. Anda dapat memuat data sampel sebelum
melakukan migrasi data produksi untuk menguji skema, kueri, dan aplikasi.
Untuk mendapatkan izin yang Anda perlukan untuk mengekspor data BigQuery ke Spanner, minta administrator Anda untuk memberi Anda peran IAM berikut di project Anda:
Mengekspor data dari tabel BigQuery:
BigQuery Data Viewer (roles/bigquery.dataViewer)
Menjalankan tugas ekspor:
BigQuery User (roles/bigquery.user)
Menulis data ke tabel Spanner:
Spanner Database User (roles/spanner.databaseUser)
Tetapkan project default di gcloud CLI menggunakan perintah berikut:
gcloudconfigsetprojectPROJECT_ID
Ekspor data sumber dalam format file CSV. Pertimbangkan untuk menggunakan alat
pg_dump untuk
database PostgreSQL atau
mysqldump
untuk database MySQL guna mengonversi data sampel Anda ke format file CSV.
Muat data ke BigQuery menggunakan perintah bq berikut:
Membuat set data BigQuery.
bqmkBQ_DATASET
Muat data secara batch ke dalam tabel BigQuery baru.
Ekspor data dari BigQuery ke Spanner menggunakan
perintah berikut:
bq--use_legacy_sql=false'EXPORT DATA OPTIONS( uri="https://spanner.googleapis.com/projects/PROJECT_ID/instances/SPANNER_INSTANCE/databases/SPANNER_DATABASE" format='CLOUD_SPANNER' spanner_options="""{ "table": "SPANNER_TABLE" }""" ) AS SELECT * FROM BQ_DATASET.BQ_TABLE;'
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-08-11 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Load sample data\n\nThis document provides instructions on how to load a small amount of data in\nthe CSV file format into Spanner. You can load sample data before\nperforming a production data migration to test schemas, queries, and applications.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\n1. [Install the Google Cloud CLI](/sdk/docs/install) or\n use [Cloud Shell](/shell/docs/launching-cloud-shell), which\n has all the necessary tools pre-installed.\n\n2.\n\n To get the permissions that\n you need to export BigQuery data to Spanner,\n\n ask your administrator to grant you the\n following IAM roles on your project:\n\n - Export data from a BigQuery table: BigQuery Data Viewer (`roles/bigquery.dataViewer`)\n - Run an export job: BigQuery User (`roles/bigquery.user`)\n - Write data to a Spanner table: Spanner Database User (`roles/spanner.databaseUser`)\n\n\n For more information about granting roles, see [Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations](/iam/docs/granting-changing-revoking-access).\n\n\n You might also be able to get\n the required permissions through [custom\n roles](/iam/docs/creating-custom-roles) or other [predefined\n roles](/iam/docs/roles-overview#predefined).\n\nLoad sample data to Spanner\n---------------------------\n\nThe following instructions are performed using the\n[BigQuery reverse ETL](/bigquery/docs/export-to-spanner)\nworkflow and the [Google Cloud CLI](/sdk).\n\n1. Set a default project on the gcloud CLI using the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID\n ```\n2. Export the source data in the CSV file format. Consider using\n [`pg_dump`](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/app-pgdump.html) for\n PostgreSQL databases or\n [`mysqldump`](https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.4/en/mysqldump.html)\n for MySQL databases tools to convert your sample data into the CSV\n file format.\n\n | **Note:** If you are working with sample data that's not available in the CSV file format, then consider [batch loading](/bigquery/docs/batch-loading-data) the sample data to BigQuery.\n3. Load the data into BigQuery by using the following `bq` commands:\n\n 1. Create a BigQuery dataset.\n\n ```bash\n bq mk BQ_DATASET\n ```\n 2. Batch load the data into a new BigQuery table.\n\n ```bash\n bq load \\\n --source_format=CSV \\\n --autodetect \\\n --allow_quoted_newlines \\\n BQ_DATASET.BQ_TABLE /path/to/file\n ```\n\n Alternatively, you can batch load the data from a Cloud Storage file. \n\n ```bash\n bq load \\\n --source_format=CSV \\\n --autodetect \\\n --allow_quoted_newlines \\\n BQ_DATASET.BQ_TABLE gs://BUCKET/FILE\n ```\n4. Create a Spanner schema that matches the imported\n \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBQ_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e by using the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud spanner databases ddl update SPANNER_DATABASE \\\n --instance=SPANNER_INSTANCE \\\n --ddl=\"CREATE TABLE \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e ...\"\n ```\n\n For more information,\n see [Update Spanner schema](/spanner/docs/getting-started/gcloud#create-database).\n5. Export data from BigQuery to Spanner by using\n the following command:\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\n ```bash\n bq --use_legacy_sql=false 'EXPORT DATA OPTIONS(\n uri=\"https://spanner.googleapis.com/projects/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e/instances/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_INSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e/databases/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_DATABASE\u003c/var\u003e\"\n format='CLOUD_SPANNER'\n spanner_options=\"\"\"{ \"table\": \"\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSPANNER_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e\" }\"\"\"\n ) AS\n SELECT *\n FROM \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBQ_DATASET\u003c/var\u003e.\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eBQ_TABLE\u003c/var\u003e;'\n \n ```\n\n \u003cbr /\u003e\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Migration overview](/spanner/docs/migration-overview)"]]
