[[["易于理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["解决了我的问题","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["很难理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["信息或示例代码不正确","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["没有我需要的信息/示例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻译问题","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-07-08。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eSole-tenancy allows creating VMs on specific nodes or node groups, with Compute Engine using bin-packing to optimize VM placement within groups.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eManual live migration allows moving sole-tenant VMs between nodes or groups, as well as migrating multi-tenant VMs into sole-tenancy.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eUse cases for manual live migration include optimizing costs by consolidating VMs, reorganizing VMs by workload type, isolating workloads for compliance or performance, increasing VM portability, and improving performance on oversubscribed nodes.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eManual live migration can be used for bin-packing, to efficiently arrange VMs and consolidate nodes, with the node autoscaler potentially removing empty nodes to save costs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eLimitations of manual live migration include capacity constraints, general scheduling issues, MIG restrictions, and certain VM property updates requiring restarts.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# About manual live migration\n\nLinux Windows\n\n*** ** * ** ***\n\nSole-tenancy lets you create VMs on a specific sole-tenant node or in a group of\nnodes. If you create a VM in a group of nodes, Compute Engine optimizes the\nspace available for VMs in the node group by using a bin-packing algorithm to\ndetermine the node to place the VM on. For information about sole-tenancy, see\n[Sole-tenancy overview](/compute/docs/nodes/sole-tenant-nodes).\n\nAs your workload runs, you might want to move VMs to a different node or node\ngroup. To move sole-tenant VMs to a different node or node group, you can\nmanually initiate a live migration. You can also manually initiate a live\nmigration to move a multi-tenant VM into sole-tenancy.\n\nUse cases for manual live migration\n-----------------------------------\n\nThe following list shows some use cases for manually live migrating VMs:\n\n- **Increase utilization and optimize costs.** You might be able to consolidate\n VMs onto fewer sole-tenant nodes.\n\n- **Logically reorganize VMs.** Use different sole-tenant node groups or nodes\n to separate VMs based on their workload type.\n\n- **Isolate workloads to meet compliance standards or improve performance.**\n Manually live migrate multi-tenant workloads that require hardware isolation\n into sole-tenancy to meet compliance standards or to improve performance.\n\n- **Increase portability of VMs.** You can't modify certain node template\n settings, such as the maintenance policy, the maintenance window, and settings\n related to local SSD. By using manual live migration, you can migrate VMs to a\n node group with different settings.\n\n\u003c!-- --\u003e\n\n- **Improve performance by rebalancing oversubscribed sole-tenant nodes.** If you are [overcommitting CPUs on sole-tenant VMs](/compute/docs/nodes/overcommitting-cpus-sole-tenant-vms#optimizing_cpu_overcommit_levels), you can manually live migrate any VMs that are underperforming to other sole-tenant nodes.\n\n### Examples\n\nTo understand how manual live migration supports the preceding use cases, review\nthe following examples.\n\n#### Manual bin packing\n\nTo more efficiently arrange VMs in a node group to fit additional VMs, you can\nuse manual live migration to choose which nodes to put sole-tenant VMs on.\n\nConsider a sole-tenant node group with the following initial state, on which you\nare trying to schedule an additional VM with 16 vCPUs:\n\nThere is not enough space on any node to schedule a VM with 16 vCPUs. However,\nthere is enough aggregate space.\n\nTo make space for the 16 vCPU VM, initiate a live migration of the 8 vCPU VM\nfrom Node 2 to Node 1. The following table shows the new VM configuration:\n\nThe following figure summarizes this process:\n**Figure 1**: Manual bin packing of VMs to make space for a VM that has more vCPUs.\n\n#### Autoscale after bin packing\n\nAfter bin packing, there might be sole-tenant nodes without any VMs. In this\ncase, the sole-tenant node autoscaler can remove the empty node.\n\nConsider a sole-tenant node group with the following initial state. If you move\nthe 8 vCPU VM, the node group autoscaler can remove a node:\n\nTo notify the node group autoscaler of an empty node, initiate a live migration\nof the 8 vCPU VM from Node 1 to Node 1. The following table shows the new VM\nconfiguration:\n\nNow that Node 1 is empty, the autoscaler can remove it from the node group. The\nfollowing table shows the new VM configuration:\n\nThe following figure summarizes this process:\n**Figure 2**: Manual bin packing of VMs to consolidate nodes.\n\nLimitations\n-----------\n\nThe following limitations apply when manually live migrating VMs:\n\n- **Capacity limitations.** During manual live migration of a VM within\n sole-tenancy, the VM consumes capacity from both the source sole-tenant node\n and the destination sole-tenant node until live migration completes. If there\n is not enough capacity on the destination host, Compute Engine does\n not move the VM.\n\n- **General limitations.** Manual live migration requests might fail if there\n are incompatible scheduling properties or other competing live migration\n requests. For information about how to troubleshoot this, see [VM scheduling\n failures](/compute/docs/troubleshooting/troubleshooting-sole-tenancy#vm_scheduling_failures).\n\n- **Managed instance group (MIG) limitations.** You cannot manually live migrate\n VMs that are in a MIG to another sole-tenant node.\n\n- **VM instance lifecycle limitations.** You cannot update some properties of a\n VM, such as the machine type, without restarting the VM. Also, you cannot\n update these properties at the same time as you update node affinities. For\n more information about these properties, see [Updating instance\n properties](/compute/docs/instances/update-instance-properties).\n\nPricing\n-------\n\nThere are no additional charges for manually live migrating VMs. For more\ninformation about how you are billed for sole-tenant nodes, see [Sole-tenant\nnode pricing](/compute/sole-tenant-pricing).\n\nIf a sole-tenant node is empty after the migration and you have [enabled the\nsole-tenant node autoscaler](/compute/docs/nodes/autoscaling-node-groups),\nmanually live migrating VMs might lower your charges.\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Learn how to manually live migrate VMs](/compute/docs/nodes/manually-live-migrate)"]]