Create and start a Compute Engine instance

This document explains how to create a virtual machine (VM) or bare metal instance by using a boot disk image, a boot disk snapshot, or a container image. Some images support Shielded VM features, which offer security features such as UEFI-compliant firmware, Secure Boot, and vTPM-protected Measured Boot. On Shielded VMs, vTPM and integrity monitoring are enabled by default.

While creating your compute instance, you can create one or more disks for it. You can also add more disks to the instance after it's created. Compute Engine automatically starts the instance after you create it. To create an instance with a boot disk that is synchronously replicated across two zones, see Create a new VM with a regional boot disk.

While creating a compute instance, you can also add multiple network interfaces. To mitigate your instance's exposure to threats on the internet, you can omit the external IP address when you add a network interface to the instance. In such cases, the instance is accessible only from other compute instances in the same VPC network or a linked network unless you configure Cloud NAT.

If you are creating a compute instance for the first time, see Quickstart using a Linux VM or Quickstart using a Windows Server VM.

For more specific or complicated Compute Engine instance creation, see the following resources:

If you are bringing an existing license, see Bringing your own licenses.

Before you begin

When creating compute instances from images or disks by using the Google Cloud CLI or REST, there's a limit of 20 instances per second. If you need to create a higher number of instances per second, request a higher quota limit for the Images resource.
If you haven't already, then set up authentication. Authentication is the process by which your identity is verified for access to Google Cloud services and APIs. To run code or samples from a local development environment, you can authenticate to Compute Engine by selecting one of the following options:

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console

When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:
  gcloud init
  Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
2. Set a default region and zone.
Terraform

To use the Terraform samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
C#

To use the .NET samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
Go

To use the Go samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
Java

To use the Java samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
Node.js

To use the Node.js samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
PHP

To use the PHP samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
Python

To use the Python samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
Ruby

To use the Ruby samples on this page in a local development environment, install and initialize the gcloud CLI, and then set up Application Default Credentials with your user credentials.
1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.
2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:
  gcloud init
3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:
  gcloud auth application-default login
  You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.
For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
REST

To use the REST API samples on this page in a local development environment, you use the credentials you provide to the gcloud CLI.
For more information, see Authenticate for using REST in the Google Cloud authentication documentation.

Required roles

To get the permissions that you need to create VMs, ask your administrator to grant you the Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM role on the project. For more information about granting roles, see Manage access to projects, folders, and organizations.

This predefined role contains the permissions required to create VMs. To see the exact permissions that are required, expand the Required permissions section:

Required permissions

The following permissions are required to create VMs:

compute.instances.create on the project
To use a custom image to create the VM: compute.images.useReadOnly on the image
To use a snapshot to create the VM: compute.snapshots.useReadOnly on the snapshot
To use an instance template to create the VM: compute.instanceTemplates.useReadOnly on the instance template
To assign a legacy network to the VM: compute.networks.use on the project
To specify a static IP address for the VM: compute.addresses.use on the project
To assign an external IP address to the VM when using a legacy network: compute.networks.useExternalIp on the project
To specify a subnet for your VM: compute.subnetworks.use on the project or on the chosen subnet
To assign an external IP address to the VM when using a VPC network: compute.subnetworks.useExternalIp on the project or on the chosen subnet
To set VM instance metadata for the VM: compute.instances.setMetadata on the project
To set tags for the VM: compute.instances.setTags on the VM
To set labels for the VM: compute.instances.setLabels on the VM
To set a service account for the VM to use: compute.instances.setServiceAccount on the VM
To create a new disk for the VM: compute.disks.create on the project
To attach an existing disk in read-only or read-write mode: compute.disks.use on the disk
To attach an existing disk in read-only mode: compute.disks.useReadOnly on the disk

You might also be able to get these permissions with custom roles or other predefined roles.

Create a VM instance from an image

This section explains how to create a VM from a public OS image or a custom image. A VM contains a bootloader, a boot file system, and an OS image. If you are creating an Arm VM, choose an OS image that is Arm-compatible.

View a list of public images available on Compute Engine

Before you create a VM by using a public image, review the list of public images that are available on Compute Engine.

For more information about the features available with each public image, see Feature support by operating system.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Images page.

Go to Images

gcloud

Run the following command:
```
gcloud compute images list
```
Make a note of the name of the image or image family and the name of the project containing the image.
Optional: To determine whether the image supports Shielded VM features, run the following command:
```
gcloud compute images describe IMAGE_NAME \
    --project=IMAGE_PROJECT
```
Replace the following:
- IMAGE_NAME: name of the image to check for support of Shielded VM features
- IMAGE_PROJECT: project containing the image
If the image supports Shielded VM features, the following line appears in the output: type: UEFI_COMPATIBLE.

C#

Before trying this sample, follow the C# setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine C# API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


using Google.Cloud.Compute.V1;
using System;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class ListImagesAsyncSample
{
    public async Task ListImagesAsync(
        // TODO(developer): Set your own default values for these parameters or pass different values when calling this method.
        string projectId = "your-project-id")
    {
        // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
        // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
        ImagesClient client = await ImagesClient.CreateAsync();

        // Make the request to list all non-deprecated images in a project.
        ListImagesRequest request = new ListImagesRequest
        {
            Project = projectId,
            // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
            Filter = "deprecated.state != DEPRECATED",
            // MaxResults indicates the maximum number of items that will be returned per page.
            MaxResults = 100
        };

        // Although the MaxResults parameter is specified in the request, the sequence returned
        // by the ListAsync() method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
        // requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
        await foreach (var image in client.ListAsync(request))
        {
            // The result is an Image collection.
            Console.WriteLine($"Image: {image.Name}");
        }
    }
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// printImagesList prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
func printImagesList(w io.Writer, projectID string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	ctx := context.Background()
	imagesClient, err := compute.NewImagesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewImagesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer imagesClient.Close()

	// Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
	req := &computepb.ListImagesRequest{
		Project:    projectID,
		MaxResults: proto.Uint32(3),
		Filter:     proto.String("deprecated.state != DEPRECATED"),
	}

	// Although the `MaxResults` parameter is specified in the request, the iterator returned
	// by the `list()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
	// requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
	it := imagesClient.List(ctx, req)
	for {
		image, err := it.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "- %s\n", image.GetName())
	}
	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient.ListPage;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ListImagesRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
  // Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
  public static void listImages(String project) throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to
    // safely clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (ImagesClient imagesClient = ImagesClient.create()) {

      // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
      ListImagesRequest imagesRequest = ListImagesRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setMaxResults(100)
          .setFilter("deprecated.state != DEPRECATED")
          .build();

      // Although the `setMaxResults` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
      // by the `list()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
      // requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
      int imageCount = 0;
      for (Image image : imagesClient.list(imagesRequest).iterateAll()) {
        imageCount++;
        System.out.println(image.getName());
      }
      System.out.printf("Image count in %s is: %s", project, imageCount);
    }
  }

Node.js

Before trying this sample, follow the Node.js setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Node.js API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function listImages() {
  const imagesClient = new compute.ImagesClient();

  // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
  const images = imagesClient.listAsync({
    project: projectId,
    maxResults: 3,
    filter: 'deprecated.state != DEPRECATED',
  });

  // Although the `maxResults` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
  // by the `listAsync()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
  // requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
  for await (const image of images) {
    console.log(` - ${image.name}`);
  }
}

listImages();

PHP

Before trying this sample, follow the PHP setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine PHP API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\ImagesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\ListImagesRequest;

/**
 * Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
 *
 * @param string $projectId Project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to list images from.
 *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 */
function list_all_images(string $projectId)
{
    $imagesClient = new ImagesClient();
    // Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
    $optionalArgs = ['maxResults' => 100, 'filter' => 'deprecated.state != DEPRECATED'];

    /**
     * Although the maxResults parameter is specified in the request, the iterateAllElements() method
     * hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple requests to the API for you,
     * so you can simply iterate over all the images.
     */
    $request = (new ListImagesRequest())
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setMaxResults($optionalArgs['maxResults'])
        ->setFilter($optionalArgs['filter']);
    $pagedResponse = $imagesClient->list($request);
    print('=================== Flat list of images ===================' . PHP_EOL);
    foreach ($pagedResponse->iterateAllElements() as $element) {
        printf(' - %s' . PHP_EOL, $element->getName());
    }
}

Python

Before trying this sample, follow the Python setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Python API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import google.cloud.compute_v1 as compute_v1

def print_images_list(project: str) -> str:
    """
    Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to list images from.

    Returns:
        The output as a string.
    """
    images_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
    images_list_request = compute_v1.ListImagesRequest(
        project=project, max_results=100, filter="deprecated.state != DEPRECATED"
    )
    output = []

    # Although the `max_results` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
    # by the `list()` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
    # requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
    for img in images_client.list(request=images_list_request):
        print(f" -  {img.name}")
        output.append(f" -  {img.name}")
    return "\n".join(output)

Ruby

Before trying this sample, follow the Ruby setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


require "google/cloud/compute/v1"

# Prints a list of all non-deprecated image names available in given project.
#
# @param [String] project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to list images from.
def print_images_list project:
  client = ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Images::Rest::Client.new

  # Make the request to list all non-deprecated images in a project.
  request = {
    project: project,
    # max_results indicates the maximum number of items that will be returned per page.
    max_results: 100,
    # Listing only non-deprecated images to reduce the size of the reply.
    filter: "deprecated.state != DEPRECATED"
  }

  # Although the `max_results` parameter is specified in the request, the iterable returned
  # by the `list` method hides the pagination mechanic. The library makes multiple
  # requests to the API for you, so you can simply iterate over all the images.
  client.list(request).each do |image|
    puts " - #{image.name}"
  end
end

REST

Run the following command:

GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/

Make a note of the name of the image or image family and the name of the project containing the image.
Optional: To determine whether the image supports Shielded VM features, run the following command:
```
GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE_NAME
```
Replace the following:
- IMAGE_PROJECT: project containing the image
- IMAGE_NAME: name of the image to check for support of Shielded VM features
If the image supports Shielded VM features, the following line appears in the output: type: UEFI_COMPATIBLE.

Create a VM instance from a public image

Google, open source communities, and third-party vendors provide and maintain public OS images. By default, all Google Cloud projects can create VMs from public OS images. However, if your Google Cloud project has a defined list of trusted images, you can use only the images on that list to create a VM.

If you create a Shielded VM image with a local SSD, you can't shield data with integrity monitoring or the virtual platform trusted module (vTPM).

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

Go to VM instances
Select your project and click Continue.
Click Create instance.
Specify a Name for your VM. For more information, see Resource naming convention.
Optional: Change the Zone for this VM. If you select Any, Google automatically chooses a zone for you based on machine type and availability.
Select a Machine configuration for your VM.
In the Boot disk section, click Change, and then do the following:
1. On the Public images tab, choose the following:
  - Operating system
  - OS version
  - Boot disk type
  - Boot disk size
2. Optional: For advanced configuration options, click Show advanced configuration.
3. To confirm your boot disk options, click Select.
Note: Unless you explicitly choose a different boot disk, if the name of the new VM matches the name of an existing persistent disk, then the existing persistent disk automatically attaches to the new VM as the boot disk.
In the Firewall section, to permit HTTP or HTTPS traffic to the VM, select Allow HTTP traffic or Allow HTTPS traffic. When you select one of these, Compute Engine adds a network tag to your VM, which associates the firewall rule with the VM. Then, Compute Engine creates the corresponding ingress firewall rule that allows all incoming traffic on tcp:80 (HTTP) or tcp:443 (HTTPS).
Optional: If you chose an OS image that supports Shielded VM features, you can modify the Shielded VM settings. To modify Shielded VM settings, expand the Security section in the Advanced options section, and then do the following as required:
- To turn on Secure Boot, select Turn on Secure Boot. Secure Boot is disabled by default.
- To turn off vTPM, clear the Turn on vTPM checkbox. vTPM is enabled by default. Disabling vTPM also disables integrity monitoring because integrity monitoring relies on data gathered by Measured Boot.
- To turn off integrity monitoring, clear the Turn on Integrity Monitoring checkbox. Integrity monitoring is enabled by default.
To create and start the VM, click Create.

gcloud

Select a public image. Make a note of the name of the image or image family and the name of the project containing the image.
Use the gcloud compute instances create command to create a VM from an image family or from a specific version of an OS image.

If you specify the optional --shielded-secure-boot flag, Compute Engine creates a VM with all three of the Shielded VM features enabled:
After Compute Engine starts your VM, you must stop the VM to modify Shielded VM options.
```
gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
    --zone=ZONE \
    --image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT \
    IMAGE_FLAG \
    --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE
```
Replace the following:
- VM_NAME: name of the new VM
- ZONE: zone to create the instance in
- IMAGE_PROJECT: the project that contains the image
- IMAGE_FLAG: specify one of the following:
  - Use the --image IMAGE_NAME flag to specify a specific version of a public image.
    
    For example, --image debian-12-bookworm-v20241112.
  - Use the --image-family IMAGE_FAMILY_NAME flag to specify an image family.
    
    This creates the VM from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image in the image family. For example, if you specify --image-family debian-12, Compute Engine uses the latest version of the OS image in the Debian 12 image family.
- MACHINE_TYPE: machine type for the new VM, which can be a predefined machine type or a custom machine type.
  
  To get a list of the machine types available in a zone, use the gcloud compute machine-types list command with the --zones flag.
Verify that Compute Engine created the VM:
```
gcloud compute instances describe VM_NAME
```
Replace VM_NAME with the name of the VM.

Terraform

To create a VM, you can use the google_compute_instance resource.


# Create a VM instance from a public image
# in the `default` VPC network and subnet

resource "google_compute_instance" "default" {
  name         = "my-vm"
  machine_type = "n1-standard-1"
  zone         = "us-central1-a"

  boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
      image = "ubuntu-minimal-2210-kinetic-amd64-v20230126"
    }
  }

  network_interface {
    network = "default"
    access_config {}
  }
}

To learn how to apply or remove a Terraform configuration, see Basic Terraform commands.

To generate the Terraform code, you can use the Equivalent code component in the Google Cloud console.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.
Go to VM Instances
Click Create instance.
Specify the parameters you want.
At the top or bottom of the page, click Equivalent code, and then click the Terraform tab to view the Terraform code.

C#

Before trying this sample, follow the C# setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine C# API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


using Google.Cloud.Compute.V1;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class CreateInstanceAsyncSample
{
    public async Task CreateInstanceAsync(
        // TODO(developer): Set your own default values for these parameters or pass different values when calling this method.
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string zone = "us-central1-a",
        string machineName = "test-machine",
        string machineType = "n1-standard-1",
        string diskImage = "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12",
        long diskSizeGb = 10,
        string networkName = "default")
    {
        Instance instance = new Instance
        {
            Name = machineName,
            // See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types for more information on machine types.
            MachineType = $"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machineType}",
            // Instance creation requires at least one persistent disk.
            Disks =
            {
                new AttachedDisk
                {
                    AutoDelete = true,
                    Boot = true,
                    Type = ComputeEnumConstants.AttachedDisk.Type.Persistent,
                    InitializeParams = new AttachedDiskInitializeParams 
                    {
                        // See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images for more information on available images.
                        SourceImage = diskImage,
                        DiskSizeGb = diskSizeGb
                    }
                }
            },
            NetworkInterfaces = { new NetworkInterface { Name = networkName } }
        };

        // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
        // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
        InstancesClient client = await InstancesClient.CreateAsync();

        // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
        var instanceCreation = await client.InsertAsync(projectId, zone, instance);

        // Wait for the operation to complete using client-side polling.
        // The server-side operation is not affected by polling,
        // and might finish successfully even if polling times out.
        await instanceCreation.PollUntilCompletedAsync();
    }
}

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstance sends an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
func createInstance(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, machineType, sourceImage, networkName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// machineType := "n1-standard-1"
	// sourceImage := "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12"
	// networkName := "global/networks/default"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: proto.String(sourceImage),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name: proto.String(networkName),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstance {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    createInstance(project, zone, instanceName);
  }


  // Create a new instance with the provided "instanceName" value in the specified project and zone.
  public static void createInstance(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // Below are sample values that can be replaced.
    // machineType: machine type of the VM being created.
    // *   This value uses the format zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}.
    // *   For a list of machine types, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types
    // sourceImage: path to the operating system image to mount.
    // *   For details about images you can mount, see https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images
    // diskSizeGb: storage size of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
    // networkName: network interface to associate with the instance.
    String machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone);
    String sourceImage = String
        .format("projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/%s", "debian-11");
    long diskSizeGb = 10L;
    String networkName = "default";

    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Instance creation requires at least one persistent disk and one network interface.
      AttachedDisk disk =
          AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
              .setBoot(true)
              .setAutoDelete(true)
              .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
              .setDeviceName("disk-1")
              .setInitializeParams(
                  AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                      .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                      .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                      .build())
              .build();

      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
          .setName(networkName)
          .build();

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addDisks(disk)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s %n", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource)
          .build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME'
// const machineType = 'n1-standard-1';
// const sourceImage = 'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11';
// const networkName = 'global/networks/default';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Create a new instance with the values provided above in the specified project and zone.
async function createInstance() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  console.log(`Creating the ${instanceName} instance in ${zone}...`);

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${machineType}`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
          name: networkName,
        },
      ],
    },
    project: projectId,
    zone,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstance();

PHP

Before trying this sample, follow the PHP setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine PHP API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\AttachedDisk;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\InstancesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Enums\AttachedDisk\Type;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\InsertInstanceRequest;

/**
 * To correctly handle string enums in Cloud Compute library
 * use constants defined in the Enums subfolder.
 */
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Instance;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\NetworkInterface;

/**
 * Creates an instance in the specified project and zone.
 *
 * @param string $projectId Project ID of the Cloud project to create the instance in.
 * @param string $zone Zone to create the instance in (like "us-central1-a").
 * @param string $instanceName Unique name for this Compute Engine instance.
 * @param string $machineType Machine type of the instance being created.
 * @param string $sourceImage Boot disk image name or family.
 * @param string $networkName Network interface to associate with the instance.
 *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ValidationException if local error occurs before remote call.
 */
function create_instance(
    string $projectId,
    string $zone,
    string $instanceName,
    string $machineType = 'n1-standard-1',
    string $sourceImage = 'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11',
    string $networkName = 'global/networks/default'
) {
    // Set the machine type using the specified zone.
    $machineTypeFullName = sprintf('zones/%s/machineTypes/%s', $zone, $machineType);

    // Describe the source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
    $diskInitializeParams = (new AttachedDiskInitializeParams())
        ->setSourceImage($sourceImage);
    $disk = (new AttachedDisk())
        ->setBoot(true)
        ->setAutoDelete(true)
        ->setType(Type::PERSISTENT)
        ->setInitializeParams($diskInitializeParams);

    // Use the network interface provided in the $networkName argument.
    $network = (new NetworkInterface())
        ->setName($networkName);

    // Create the Instance object.
    $instance = (new Instance())
        ->setName($instanceName)
        ->setDisks([$disk])
        ->setMachineType($machineTypeFullName)
        ->setNetworkInterfaces([$network]);

    // Insert the new Compute Engine instance using InstancesClient.
    $instancesClient = new InstancesClient();
    $request = (new InsertInstanceRequest())
        ->setInstanceResource($instance)
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setZone($zone);
    $operation = $instancesClient->insert($request);

    // Wait for the operation to complete.
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();
    if ($operation->operationSucceeded()) {
        printf('Created instance %s' . PHP_EOL, $instanceName);
    } else {
        $error = $operation->getError();
        printf('Instance creation failed: %s' . PHP_EOL, $error?->getMessage());
    }
}

Python

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)

Ruby

Before trying this sample, follow the Ruby setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Ruby API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


require "google/cloud/compute/v1"

# Sends an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
#
# @param [String] project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
# @param [String] zone name of the zone you want to use. For example: "us-west3-b"
# @param [String] instance_name name of the new virtual machine.
# @param [String] machine_type machine type of the VM being created. For example: "e2-standard-2"
#         See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types for more information
#         on machine types.
# @param [String] source_image path to the operating system image to mount on your boot
#         disk. This can be one of the public images
#         (like "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11")
#         or a private image you have access to.
#         See https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images for more information on available images.
# @param [String] network_name name of the network you want the new instance to use.
#         For example: "global/networks/default" represents the `default`
#         network interface, which is created automatically for each project.
def create_instance project:, zone:, instance_name:,
                    machine_type: "n2-standard-2",
                    source_image: "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11",
                    network_name: "global/networks/default"
  # Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
  # once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
  client = ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Instances::Rest::Client.new

  # Construct the instance object.
  # It can be either a hash or ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Instance instance.
  instance = {
    name: instance_name,
    machine_type: "zones/#{zone}/machineTypes/#{machine_type}",
    # Instance creation requires at least one persistent disk.
    disks: [{
      auto_delete: true,
      boot: true,
      type: :PERSISTENT,
      initialize_params: {
        source_image: source_image,
        disk_size_gb: 10
      }
    }],
    network_interfaces: [{ name: network_name }]
  }

  # Prepare a request to create the instance in the specified project and zone.
  request = { project: project, zone: zone, instance_resource: instance }

  puts "Creating the #{instance_name} instance in #{zone}..."
  begin
    # Send the insert request.
    operation = client.insert request
    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    operation = wait_until_done operation: operation

    if operation.error?
      warn "Error during creation:", operation.error
    else
      compute_operation = operation.operation
      warn "Warning during creation:", compute_operation.warnings unless compute_operation.warnings.empty?
      puts "Instance #{instance_name} created."
    end
  rescue ::Google::Cloud::Error => e
    warn "Exception during creation:", e
  end
end

REST

Select a public image. Make a note of the name of the image or image family and the name of the project containing the image.
Use the instances.insert method to create a VM from an image family or from a specific version of an OS image:
```
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}
```
Replace the following:
- PROJECT_ID: ID of the project to create the VM in
- ZONE: zone to create the VM in
- MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE: zone containing the machine type to use for the new VM
- MACHINE_TYPE: machine type, predefined or custom, for the new VM
- VM_NAME: name of the new VM
- IMAGE_PROJECT: project containing the image
  For example, if you specify debian-10 as the image family, specify debian-cloud as the image project.
- IMAGE: specify one of the following:
  - IMAGE: a specific version of a public image
    
    For example, "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-10-buster-v20200309"
  - IMAGE_FAMILY: an image family
    
    This creates the VM from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image. For example, if you specify "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10", Compute Engine creates a VM from the latest version of the OS image in the Debian 10 image family.
- NETWORK_NAME: the VPC network that you want to use for the VM. You can specify default to use your default network.
- ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT: Optional: If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM features, Compute Engine, by default, enables the virtual trusted platform module (vTPM) and integrity monitoring. Compute Engine does not enable Secure Boot by default.
  
  If you specify true for enableSecureBoot, Compute Engine creates a VM with all three Shielded VM features enabled. After Compute Engine starts your VM, to modify Shielded VM options, you must stop the VM.

Create a bare metal instance from a public image

Google, open source communities, and third-party vendors provide and maintain public OS images. By default, all Google Cloud projects can create bare metal instances using supported public OS images. However, if your Google Cloud project has a defined list of trusted images, you can use only the images on that list to create a bare metal instance.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

Go to VM instances
Select your project and click Continue.
Click Create instance.
Specify a Name for your instance. For more information, see Resource naming convention.
Optional: Change the Zone for this instance. If you choose a zone that doesn't have any available bare metal servers, you are prompted to choose a different zone.
In the Machine configuration section, do one of the following:
- Click the General purpose tab, and then select C3.
- Click the Memory optimized tab, and then select X4.
For the Machine type, click the list. In the filter box, type in metal, and then select one of the available types.
In the Availability policies section, click VM provisioning model advanced settings to expand the section. Make sure the value for On host maintenance is Terminate instance.
In the Boot disk section, click Change, and then do the following:
1. On the Public images tab, choose the following:
  - Operating system
  - OS version
  - Boot disk type
  - Boot disk size
  - Optional: For Hyperdisk Balanced boot disks, choose the Provisioned IOPS and Provisioned throughput settings for the disk.
2. Optional: For additional disk configuration options, click Show advanced configuration.
3. To confirm your boot disk options, click Select.
  
  Note: Unless you explicitly choose a different boot disk, if the name of the new instance matches the name of an existing disk, then the existing disk automatically attaches to the new instance as the boot disk.
In the Firewall section, to permit HTTP or HTTPS traffic to the bare metal instance, select Allow HTTP traffic or Allow HTTPS traffic. When you select one of these options, Compute Engine adds a network tag to your instance, which associates the firewall rule with the instance. Then, Compute Engine creates the corresponding ingress firewall rule that allows all incoming traffic on tcp:80 (HTTP) or tcp:443 (HTTPS).
Expand the Advanced options section, and then expand the Networking section. Make sure the Network interface card is set to IDPF.
To create and start the bare metal instance, click Create.

gcloud

Select a public image that supports bare metal instances. Make a note of the name of the image or image family and the name of the project containing the image.
Use the gcloud compute instances create command to create a bare metal instance from an image family or from a specific version of an OS image.
```
 gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
     --zone=ZONE \
     --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE \
     --network-interface=nic-type=IDPF \
     --maintenance-policy=TERMINATE \
     --create-disk=boot=yes,type=hyperdisk-balanced,image=projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE,provisioned-iops=IOPS,provisioned-throughput=THROUGHPUT,size=SIZE \
     --no-shielded-secure-boot
```
Replace the following:
- INSTANCE_NAME: a name for the new bare metal instance
- ZONE: zone to create the bare metal instance in
- MACHINE_TYPE: the bare metal machine type to use for the instance. The name of the machine type must end in -metal.
  
  To get a list of the machine types available in a zone, use the gcloud compute machine-types list command with the --zones flag.
- IMAGE_PROJECT: the image project that contains the image
- IMAGE: specify one of the following:
  - A specific version of the OS image—for example, sles-15-sp4-sap-v20240208-x86-6.
  - An image family, which must be formatted as family/IMAGE_FAMILY. This creates the instance from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image. For example, if you specify family/sles-15-sp4-sap, Compute Engine creates a bare metal instance from the latest version of the OS image in the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4 image family. For more information about using image families, see Image families best practices.
- IOPS: Optional: the highest number of I/O operations per second (IOPS) that the disk can handle.
- THROUGHPUT: Optional: an integer that represents the highest throughput, measured in MiB per second, that the disk can handle.
- SIZE: Optional: the size of the new disk. The value must be a whole number. The default unit of measurement is GiB.
Verify that Compute Engine created the instance:
```
gcloud compute instances describe INSTANCE_NAME
```
Replace INSTANCE_NAME with the name of the new instance.

REST

Select a public image that supports bare metal instances. Make a note of the name of the image or image family and the name of the project containing the image.
Use the instances.insert method to create a bare metal instance from an image family or from a specific version of an OS image:
```
POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances
{
 "machineType": "projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
 "name": "INSTANCE_NAME",
 "disks": [
   {
     "boot": true,
     "initializeParams": {
       "diskSizeGb": "DISK_SIZE",
       "diskType": "hyperdisk-balanced",
       "provisionedIops": "IOPS_LIMIT",
       "provisionedThroughput": "THROUGHPUT_LIMIT",
       "sourceImage": "projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
     }
   }
 ],
 "networkInterfaces": [
   {
     "nicType": "IDPF"
   }
 ],
 "scheduling": {
   "onHostMaintenance": "TERMINATE"
 }
}
```
Replace the following:
- PROJECT_ID: ID of the project to create the bare metal instance in
- ZONE: zone to create the bare metal instance in
- MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE: zone that contains the machine type to use for the new bare metal instance
- MACHINE_TYPE: the machine type to use for the instance. The name of the machine type must end in -metal.
- INSTANCE_NAME: name of the new instance
- DISK_SIZE: disk size in GiB
- IOPS_LIMIT: the number of I/O operations per second that you want to provision for the disk.
- THROUGHPUT_LIMIT: an integer that represents the throughput, measured in MB per second, that you want to provision for the disk.
- IMAGE_PROJECT: the image project that contains the image
- IMAGE: specify one of the following:
  - A specific version of the OS image—for example, sles-15-sp4-sap-v20240208-x86-6.
  - An image family, which must be formatted as family/IMAGE_FAMILY. This creates the instance from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image. For example, if you specify family/sles-15-sp4-sap, Compute Engine creates a bare metal instance from the latest version of the OS image in the SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4 image family. For more information about using image families, see Image families best practices.

Create a VM from a custom image

A custom image belongs only to your project. To create a VM with a custom image, you must first create a custom image if you don't already have one.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

Go to VM instances
Select your project and click Continue.
Click Create instance.
Specify a Name for your VM. For more information, see Resource naming convention.
Optional: Change the Zone for this VM. If you select Any, Google automatically chooses a zone for you based on machine type and availability.
Select a Machine configuration for your VM.
In the Boot disk section, click Change, and then do the following:
1. Select the Custom Images tab.
2. To select the image project, click Select a project, and then do the following:
  1. Select the project that contains the image.
  2. Click Open.
3. In the Image list, click the image that you want to import.
4. Select the type and size of your boot disk.
5. Optional: For advanced configuration options, click Show advanced configuration.
6. To confirm your boot disk options, click Select.
In the Firewall section, to permit HTTP or HTTPS traffic to the VM, select Allow HTTP traffic or Allow HTTPS traffic.

The Google Cloud console adds a network tag to your VM and creates the corresponding ingress firewall rule that allows all incoming traffic on tcp:80 (HTTP) or tcp:443 (HTTPS). The network tag associates the firewall rule with the VM. For more information, see Firewall rules overview in the Cloud Next Generation Firewall documentation.
To create and start the VM, click Create.

gcloud

In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

Activate Cloud Shell

At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.
Run the gcloud compute instances create command to create a VM with a custom image:
```
gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
    --image-project IMAGE_PROJECT \
    IMAGE_FLAG \
    --subnet SUBNET
```
Replace the following:
- VM_NAME: the name of the VM
- IMAGE_PROJECT: the ID of the Google Cloud project that contains the image
- IMAGE_FLAG: specify one of the following:
  - Use the --image IMAGE_NAME flag to specify a custom image.
    For example, --image my-debian-image-v2.
  - If you created your custom images as part of a custom image family, use the --image-family IMAGE_FAMILY_NAME flag to specify that custom image family.
    This creates the VM from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image and OS version in your custom image family. For example, if you specify --image-family my-debian-family, Compute Engine creates a VM from the latest OS image in your custom my-debian-family image family.
  Note: Compute Engine uses the default image family and project if you don't specify an image, for example debian-10 and debian-cloud, respectively.
- SUBNET: if the subnet and instance are in the same project, replace SUBNET with the name of a subnet that is in the same region as the instance.

Terraform

To generate the Terraform code, you can use the Equivalent code component in the Google Cloud console.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.
Go to VM Instances
Click Create instance.
Specify the parameters you want.
At the top or bottom of the page, click Equivalent code, and then click the Terraform tab to view the Terraform code.

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceFromCustomImage creates a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.
func createInstanceFromCustomImage(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, customImageLink string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// customImageLink := "projects/project_name/global/images/image_name"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: proto.String(customImageLink),
						DiskType:    proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name: proto.String("global/networks/default"),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstancesAdvanced {

  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the source
   * for the new disk.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @param boot boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an
   * instance
   * @param sourceImage source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to
   * this disk. This can be one of the publicly available images or an image from one of your
   * projects. This value uses the following format:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk diskFromImage(String diskType, int diskSizeGb, boolean boot,
      String sourceImage) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(boot)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }


  /**
   * Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param disks a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks you want to attach
   * to your new instance.
   * @param machineType machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
   * For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
   * @param network name of the network you want the new instance to use. For example:
   * "global/networks/default" represents the network named "default", which is created
   * automatically for each project.
   * @param subnetwork name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use. This value uses the
   * following format: "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  private static Instance createWithDisks(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks, String machineType, String network, String subnetwork)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface;
      if (subnetwork != null) {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).setSubnetwork(subnetwork)
            .build();
      } else {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).build();
      }

      machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType);

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addAllDisks(disks)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s ", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return null;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());

      return instancesClient.get(project, zone, instanceName);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Create a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param customImage link to the custom image you want to use in the form of:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  public static Instance createFromCustomImage(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      String customImage)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    String diskType = String.format("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone);
    Vector<AttachedDisk> disks = new Vector<>();
    disks.add(diskFromImage(diskType, 10, true, customImage));
    return createWithDisks(project, zone, instanceName, disks, "n1-standard-1",
        "global/networks/default", null);
  }

Node.js

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const customImageLink = 'projects/YOUR_PROJECT/global/images/YOUR_IMAGE_NAME';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Creates a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.
async function createInstanceFromCustomImage() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: customImageLink,
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/n1-standard-1`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: 'global/networks/default',
        },
      ],
    },
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceFromCustomImage();

Python

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_from_custom_image(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, custom_image_link: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Create a new VM instance with custom image used as its boot disk.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        custom_image_link: link to the custom image you want to use in the form of:
            "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, custom_image_link, True)]
    instance = create_instance(project_id, zone, instance_name, disks)
    return instance

REST

The process for creating a VM with a custom image in the API is the same as if you were creating a VM with a publicly available image.

To create the VM from a custom image, use the instances.insert method.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

Replace the following:

PROJECT_ID: ID of the project to create the VM in
ZONE: zone to create the VM in
MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE: zone containing the machine type to use for the new VM
MACHINE_TYPE: machine type, predefined or custom, for the new VM
VM_NAME: name of the new VM
IMAGE_PROJECT: name of the project that contains the custom image
IMAGE: specify one of the following:
- IMAGE: name of your custom image. For example, "sourceImage": "projects/my-project-1234/global/images/my-debian-image-v2".
- IMAGE_FAMILY: if you created your custom images as part of a custom image family, specify that custom image family.
  This creates the VM from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image in your custom image family. For example, if you specify "sourceImage": "projects/my-project-1234/global/images/family/my-debian-family", Compute Engine creates a VM from the latest version of the OS image in the custom my-debian-family image family.
NETWORK_NAME: the VPC network that you want to use for the VM. You can specify default to use your default network.
ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT: Optional: If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM features, Compute Engine, by default, enables the virtual trusted platform module (vTPM) and integrity monitoring. Compute Engine does not enable Secure Boot by default.

If you specify true for enableSecureBoot, Compute Engine creates a VM with all three Shielded VM features enabled. After Compute Engine starts your VM, to modify Shielded VM options, you must stop the VM.

Create a VM instance with additional non-boot disks

When you create a VM, you can also create and attach additional non-boot disks to the VM at the same time.

However, if you want to create a disk in multi-writer mode, you can't create the disk at the same time that you create the VM. You must create the disk first, then you can attach it to the VM.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

Go to VM instances
Select your project and click Continue.
Click Create instance.
Specify a Name for your VM. For more information, see Resource naming convention.
Optional: Change the Zone for this VM. If you select Any, Google automatically chooses a zone for you based on machine type and availability.
Select a Machine configuration for your VM.
In the Boot disk section, click Change, and then do the following:
1. In the Public images tab, choose the following:
  - Operating system
  - OS version
  - Boot disk type
  - Boot disk size
2. Optional: For advanced configuration options, click Show advanced configuration.
3. To confirm your boot disk options, click Select.
Note: Unless you explicitly choose a different boot disk, if the name of the new VM matches the name of an existing persistent disk, then the existing persistent disk automatically attaches to the new VM as the boot disk.
In the Firewall section, to permit HTTP or HTTPS traffic to the VM, select Allow HTTP traffic or Allow HTTPS traffic. When you select one of these, Compute Engine adds a network tag to your VM, which associates the firewall rule with the VM. Then, Compute Engine creates the corresponding ingress firewall rule that allows all incoming traffic on tcp:80 (HTTP) or tcp:443 (HTTPS).
To add non-boot disks to your VM, expand the Advanced options section, and then do the following:
1. Expand the Disks section.
2. Click Add new disk, and then do the following:
  1. Specify a disk Name, Type, Source type, and Size.
  2. In the Attachment settings section, select disk's attachment Mode and the Deletion rule. For more information about adding new disks, see Add a persistent disk to your VM.
  3. Click Save.
To create and start the VM, click Create.

gcloud

In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

Activate Cloud Shell

At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.
Run the gcloud compute instances create command to create a VM with additional non-boot disks.

You can add up to 127 non-boot disks while you're creating your VM. Specify the --create-disk flag for each non-boot disk you create.

To create non-boot disks from a public or stock image, specify the image or image-family and image-project properties with the --create-disk flag. To create a blank disk, don't include these properties.

You can optionally include properties for:
- Disk size: use the --size property.
- Disk type: use the --type property.
- Regional disks: include the replica-zones property.
```
gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
    --zone=ZONE \
    --image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT \
    IMAGE_FLAG \
    --create-disk DISK_IMAGE,image-project=DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT,size=SIZE_GB,type=DISK_TYPE \
    --create-disk device-name=DISK_NAME,replica-zones=^:^ZONE:REMOTE-ZONE,boot=false
```
Replace the following:
- VM_NAME: name of the new VM
- ZONE: zone to create the VM in
- IMAGE_PROJECT: project containing the image
- IMAGE_FLAG: specify one of the following:
  - Use the --image IMAGE_NAME flag to specify a specific version of a public or custom image. For example, --image debian-12-bookworm-v20241112.
  - Use the --image-family IMAGE_FAMILY_NAME flag to specify an image family. This creates the VM that uses the most recent, non-deprecated OS image in the image family. For example, if you specify --image-family debian-12, then Compute Engine uses the latest version of the OS image in the Debian 12 image family when creating the VM.
- For additional disks, replace the following:
  - DISK_IMAGE: Specify one of the following:
    - image=DISK_IMAGE_NAME: name of the image that you want to use when creating a non-boot disk
    - image-family=DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY>: an image family to use when creating a non-boot disk
  - DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT: an image project to which the disk image belongs
  - SIZE_GB: Optional: size of the non-boot disk
  - DISK_TYPE: Optional: full or partial URL for the type of the disk
    
    For example, https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/diskTypes/hyperdisk-balanced. To view the available disk types in one or more zones, use the gcloud compute disk-types list --zones=ZONE_LIST command. Replace ZONE_LIST with a comma-separated list of zones.
  - DISK_NAME: Optional: the disk name displayed to the guest OS after the VM is created.
  - REMOTE_ZONE: the zone where the disk should be replicated to
  For blank disks, don't specify the image, image-project, or image-family parameters.
  
  For zonal disks, don't specify the disk property replica-zones.

Terraform

To generate the Terraform code, you can use the Equivalent code component in the Google Cloud console.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.
Go to VM Instances
Click Create instance.
Specify the parameters you want.
At the top or bottom of the page, click Equivalent code, and then click the Terraform tab to view the Terraform code.

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createWithAdditionalDisk create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system and a 11 GB additional empty disk.
func createWithAdditionalDisk(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	imagesClient, err := compute.NewImagesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewImagesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer imagesClient.Close()

	// List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
	newestDebianReq := &computepb.GetFromFamilyImageRequest{
		Project: "debian-cloud",
		Family:  "debian-12",
	}
	newestDebian, err := imagesClient.GetFromFamily(ctx, newestDebianReq)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get image from family: %w", err)
	}

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: newestDebian.SelfLink,
						DiskType:    proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb: proto.Int64(11),
						DiskType:   proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(false),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name: proto.String("global/networks/default"),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstancesAdvanced {

  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the source
   * for the new disk.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @param boot boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an
   * instance
   * @param sourceImage source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to
   * this disk. This can be one of the publicly available images or an image from one of your
   * projects. This value uses the following format:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk diskFromImage(String diskType, int diskSizeGb, boolean boot,
      String sourceImage) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(boot)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }


  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. The created disk contains no
   * data and requires formatting before it can be used.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created as an empty disk.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk emptyDisk(String diskType, int diskSizeGb) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(false)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }

  /**
   * Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param disks a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks you want to attach
   * to your new instance.
   * @param machineType machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
   * For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
   * @param network name of the network you want the new instance to use. For example:
   * "global/networks/default" represents the network named "default", which is created
   * automatically for each project.
   * @param subnetwork name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use. This value uses the
   * following format: "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  private static Instance createWithDisks(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks, String machineType, String network, String subnetwork)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface;
      if (subnetwork != null) {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).setSubnetwork(subnetwork)
            .build();
      } else {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).build();
      }

      machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType);

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addAllDisks(disks)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s ", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return null;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());

      return instancesClient.get(project, zone, instanceName);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Create a new VM instance with Debian 11 operating system and a 11 GB additional empty disk.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  public static Instance createWithAdditionalDisk(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (ImagesClient imagesClient = ImagesClient.create()) {
      // List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
      Image image = imagesClient.getFromFamily("debian-cloud", "debian-11");
      String diskType = String.format("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone);
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks = new Vector<>();
      disks.add(diskFromImage(diskType, 10, true, image.getSelfLink()));
      disks.add(emptyDisk(diskType, 11));
      return createWithDisks(project, zone, instanceName, disks, "n1-standard-1",
          "global/networks/default", null);
    }
  }

Node.js

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system and a 11 GB additional empty disk.
async function createWithAdditionalDisk() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();
  const imagesClient = new compute.ImagesClient();

  // List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
  const [newestDebian] = await imagesClient.getFromFamily({
    project: 'debian-cloud',
    family: 'debian-11',
  });

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: newestDebian.selfLink,
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '11',
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: false,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/n1-standard-1`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: 'global/networks/default',
        },
      ],
    },
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createWithAdditionalDisk();

Python

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def empty_disk(
    disk_type: str, disk_size_gb: int, boot: bool = False, auto_delete: bool = True
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk():
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. The created disk contains
    no data and requires formatting before it can be used.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created as an empty disk.
    """
    disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    disk.boot = boot
    return disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_with_additional_disk(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system on a 20 GB disk
    and a 25 GB additional empty disk.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-12")
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [
        disk_from_image(disk_type, 20, True, newest_debian.self_link),
        empty_disk(disk_type, 25),
    ]
    instance = create_instance(project_id, zone, instance_name, disks)
    return instance

REST

You can create up to 127 non-boot disks at the time you create a VM by using the initializeParams property for each additional disk. Create additional disks with a public or private image. To add a blank disk, define the initializeParams entry with no sourceImage value. Include the disk property replicaZones to create regional disks instead of zonal disks.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      },
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "diskSizeGb":"SIZE_GB",
            "sourceImage":"projects/DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/DISK_IMAGE",
            "diskType":"DISK_TYPE"
         }
      },
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "diskSizeGb":"SIZE_GB",
            "diskType":"DISK_TYPE"
         },
      },
      {
         "boot": false,
         "deviceName":"DISK_NAME",
         "initializeParams": {
            "diskType": "DISK_TYPE",
            "replicaZones": [
               "projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE",
               "projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/REMOTE_ZONE"
            ]
         }
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

Replace the following:

PROJECT_ID: ID of the project to create the VM in
ZONE: zone to create the VM in
MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE: zone containing the machine type to use for the new VM
MACHINE_TYPE: machine type, predefined or custom, for the new VM
VM_NAME: name of the new VM
IMAGE_PROJECT: project containing the image
For example, if you specify debian-10 as the image family, specify debian-cloud as the image project.
IMAGE: specify one of the following:
- IMAGE: a specific version of a public image
  
  For example, "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-10-buster-v20200309"
- IMAGE_FAMILY: an image family
  
  This creates the VM from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image. For example, if you specify "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10", Compute Engine creates a VM from the latest version of the OS image in the Debian 10 image family.
For additional disks, replace the following:
- SIZE_GB: disk size
- DISK_IMAGE or
- DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY: Specify either a source image or image family for the non-boot disk:
  - DISK_IMAGE: name of the image that you want to use as a non-boot disk. For example, "sourceImage": "projects/DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/DISK_IMAGE".
  - DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY: an image family to use as a non-boot disk. For example, "sourceImage": "projects/DISK_IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/family/DISK_IMAGE_FAMILY".
- DISK_TYPE: full or partial URL for the type of the disk type. For example, https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/diskTypes/hyperdisk-balanced.
- DISK_NAME: Optional. The disk name displayed to the guest OS after the VM is created.
- REMOTE_ZONE: the zone to replicate the regional disk to
For blank disks, don't specify the sourceImage property.

For zonal disks, don't specify the replicaZones property.
NETWORK_NAME: the VPC network that you want to use for the VM. You can specify default to use your default network.
ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT: Optional: If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM features, Compute Engine, by default, enables the virtual trusted platform module (vTPM) and integrity monitoring. Compute Engine does not enable Secure Boot by default.

If you specify true for enableSecureBoot, Compute Engine creates a VM with all three Shielded VM features enabled. After Compute Engine starts your VM, to modify Shielded VM options, you must stop the VM.

Format and mount the disks before using them.

Create a VM instance from a shared image

If another user has shared an image with you, you can use the image to create a VM.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the Create an instance page.

Go to Create an instance
Specify a Name for your VM. For more information, see Resource naming convention.
Optional: Change the Zone for this VM. If you select Any, Google automatically chooses a zone for you based on machine type and availability.
Select a Machine configuration for your VM.
In the Boot disk section, click Change to configure your boot disk, and then do the following
:
1. Select the Custom Images tab.
2. To select the image project, click Select a project, and then do the following:
  1. Select the project that contains the image.
  2. Click Open.
3. In the Image list, click the image that you want to import.
4. Select the type and size of your boot disk.
5. To confirm your boot disk options, click Select.
To permit HTTP or HTTPS traffic to the VM, in the Firewall section, select Allow HTTP traffic or Allow HTTPS traffic.

The Google Cloud console adds a network tag to your VM and creates the corresponding ingress firewall rule that allows all incoming traffic on tcp:80 (HTTP) or tcp:443 (HTTPS). The network tag associates the firewall rule with the VM. For more information, see Firewall rules overview in the Cloud Next Generation Firewall documentation.
To start and create a VM, click Create.

gcloud

In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

Activate Cloud Shell

At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

Create a VM by using the gcloud compute instances create command, and use the --image and --image-project flags to specify the image name and the project where the image resides:

     gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
         --image=IMAGE \
         --image-project=IMAGE_PROJECT

Replace the following:

VM_NAME: name for the new VM
IMAGE: name of the image
IMAGE_PROJECT: project to which the image belongs

If the command is successful, gcloud CLI responds with the properties of the new VM:

    Created [https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-b/instances/example-instance].
    NAME                 ZONE           MACHINE_TYPE   PREEMPTIBLE  INTERNAL_IP  EXTERNAL_IP    STATUS
    example-instance     us-central1-b  e2-standard-2               192.0.2.2    203.0.113.156  RUNNING

Terraform

The process for creating a VM with a shared image in Terraform is the same as if you were creating a VM with a publicly available image.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.
Go to VM Instances
Click Create instance.
Specify the parameters you want.
At the top or bottom of the page, click Equivalent code, and then click the Terraform tab to view the Terraform code.

REST

The process for creating a VM with a shared image in the API is the same as if you were creating a VM with a publicly available image.

To create the VM from a shared image, use the instances.insert method.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

Replace the following:

PROJECT_ID: ID of the project to create the VM in
ZONE: zone to create the VM in
MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE: zone containing the machine type to use for the new VM
MACHINE_TYPE: machine type, predefined or custom, for the new VM
VM_NAME: name of the new VM
IMAGE_PROJECT: name of the project that contains the shared image
IMAGE: specify one of the following:
- IMAGE: name of the shared image. For example, "sourceImage": "projects/finance-project-1234/global/images/finance-debian-image-v2".
- IMAGE_FAMILY: if the shared image is created as part of a custom image family, specify that custom image family.
  This creates the VM from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image in your custom image family. For example, if you specify "sourceImage": "projects/finance-project-1234/global/images/family/finance-debian-family", Compute Engine creates a VM from the latest version of the OS image in the custom finance-debian-family image family.
NETWORK_NAME: the VPC network that you want to use for the VM. You can specify default to use your default network.
ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT: Optional: If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM features, Compute Engine, by default, enables the virtual trusted platform module (vTPM) and integrity monitoring. Compute Engine does not enable Secure Boot by default.

If you specify true for enableSecureBoot, Compute Engine creates a VM with all three Shielded VM features enabled. After Compute Engine starts your VM, to modify Shielded VM options, you must stop the VM.

Create a VM from a snapshot

You can create a new VM from a snapshot in the following ways:

Restoring a VM boot disk: If you backed up a VM's boot disk with a snapshot, you can use that snapshot to create a new VM. For instructions, see Restoring a boot disk snapshot to a new VM.
Restoring a non-boot disk: If you backed up a non-boot disk with a snapshot, you can restore the snapshot to a new non-boot disk when you create a VM. For instructions, see Creating a VM with a non-boot disk based on a snapshot.

To quickly create more than one VM with the same boot disk, create a custom image, then create VMs from that image instead of using a snapshot.

Create a VM instance from a container image

To deploy and launch a container on a Compute Engine VM, specify a container image name and optional configuration parameters when you create the VM. Compute Engine creates the VM by using the latest version of the Container-optimized OS public image, which has Docker installed. Then, Compute Engine launches the container when the VM starts. For more information, see Deploying containers on VMs.

To create a VM from a container image, you must use the Google Cloud console or gcloud CLI.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

Go to VM instances
Select your project and click Continue.
Click Create instance.
Specify a Name for your VM. For more information, see Resource naming convention.
In the Container section, click Deploy container.
1. Specify the Container image to use. For example:
  - To select an NGINX 1.12 container image from Cloud Launcher:
    
    gcr.io/cloud-marketplace/google/nginx1:1.12
  - To deploy an Apache container image from Docker Hub, always specify the full Docker image name:
    
    docker.io/httpd:2.4
2. Optional: Click Advanced container options. For more information, see Configuring options to run your container.
To create the VM, boot the VM, and launch the container, click Create.

gcloud

In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

Activate Cloud Shell

At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.
Run the gcloud compute instances create-with-container command:
```
gcloud compute instances create-with-container VM_NAME \
    --container-image=CONTAINER_IMAGE
```
Replace the following:
- VM_NAME: name for the new VM.
- CONTAINER_IMAGE: name of the container image.
For example, the following command creates a VM named nginx-vm, which launches and runs the container image:

gcr.io/cloud-marketplace/google/nginx1:1.12
```
gcloud compute instances create-with-container nginx-vm \
    --container-image=gcr.io/cloud-marketplace/google/nginx1:1.12
```
To deploy an Apache container image from Docker Hub, always specify the full Docker image name:

docker.io/httpd:2.4.

Create a VM instance in a specific subnet

By default, every VM instance has a single network interface that determines the VPC network that the instance uses. You can create an instance with multiple network interfaces, but each interface must connect to a different VPC network. Each network must have at least one subnet, which defines the range of IPv4 or IPv6 addresses that can be assigned to the VM instance.

For more information, see the following pages:

IP addresses assigned when you create a VM instance: IP addresses
Creating a dual-stack or IPv6-only (Preview) instance: Configuring IPv6 for instances and instance templates

By default, Google Cloud creates an auto mode VPC network called default for each project. To use a different network or a subnet that you manually created in an auto mode or custom mode VPC network, you must specify the subnet when you create the VM and configure the network interface.

When you create a VM in a subnet, consider these rules:

If you don't specify a network or subnet, Compute Engine uses the default VPC network and the auto subnet that's in the same region as the VM.
If you don't specify a network, Compute Engine infers the network from the subnet specified.
If you specify a network, you must specify a subnet and it must belong to the same network. Otherwise, VM creation fails.

You must create the subnet that you want to use before you create the VM. For more information, see Create and manage VPC networks.

Console

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.

Go to VM instances
Select your project and click Continue.
Click Create instance.
Specify a Name for your VM. For more information, see Resource naming convention.
Optional: Change the Zone for this VM. If you select Any, Google automatically chooses a zone for you based on machine type and availability.
In the Firewall section, to permit HTTP or HTTPS traffic to the VM, select Allow HTTP traffic or Allow HTTPS traffic.

The Google Cloud console adds a network tag to your VM and creates the corresponding ingress firewall rule that allows all incoming traffic on tcp:80 (HTTP) or tcp:443 (HTTPS). The network tag associates the firewall rule with the VM. For more information, see Firewall rules overview in the Cloud Next Generation Firewall documentation.
Expand the Advanced options section.
1. Expand the Networking section.
2. For Network interfaces, click the default network interface and provide the following information:
  1. In the Network field, select the VPC network that contains the subnet you created.
  2. In the Subnet field, select the subnet for the VM to use.
  3. For IP stack type, select the IP stack type for the network interface.
  4. Click Done.
To create and start the VM, click Create.

gcloud

Using the gcloud CLI, follow the same instructions to create a VM from an image or a snapshot, and add the networking flags shown here when you run the gcloud compute instances create command:

 gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
     --zone=ZONE \
     --machine-type=MACHINE_TYPE \
     --create-disk=boot=yes,image=projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE,size=SIZE \
     --network=NETWORK_NAME \
     --subnet=SUBNET_NAME \
     --stack-type=STACK_TYPE \
     --private-network-ip=INTERNAL_IPV4_ADDRESS \
     --address=EXTERNAL_IPV4_ADDRESS \
     --nic-type=GVNIC

Replace the following:

INSTANCE_NAME: name of the compute instance
ZONE: the zone where the VM is created, such as europe-west1-b. The VM's region is inferred from the zone.
MACHINE_TYPE: Optional: the machine type to use for the instance.
IMAGE_PROJECT: Optional: the image project that contains the image
IMAGE: Optional: specify one of the following:
- A specific version of the OS image—for example, rocky-linux-9-optimized-gcp-v20240717.
- An image family, which must be formatted as family/IMAGE_FAMILY. This creates the instance from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image. For example, if you specify family/rocky-linux-9-optimized-gcp, Compute Engine creates an instance using the latest version of the OS image in the Rocky Linux 9 optimized for Google Cloud image family. For more information about using image families, see Image families best practices.
SIZE: Optional: the size of the new disk. The value must be a whole number. The default unit of measurement is GiB.
NETWORK_NAME: Optional: name of the network
SUBNET_NAME: name of the subnet to use with the instance.

To view a list of subnets in the network, use the gcloud compute networks subnets list command.
STACK_TYPE: Optional: the stack type for the network interface. STACK_TYPE must be one of: IPV4_ONLY, IPV4_IPV6, or IPV6_ONLY (Preview). The default value is IPV4_ONLY.
INTERNAL_IPV4_ADDRESS: Optional: the internal IPv4 address that you want the compute instance to use in the target subnet. Omit this flag if you don't need a specific IP address.

To specify an internal IPv6 address, use the flag --internal-ipv6-address instead.
EXTERNAL_IPV4_ADDRESS: Optional: the static external IPv4 address to use with the network interface. You must have previously reserved an external IPv4 address. Do one of the following:
- Specify a valid IPv4 address from the subnet.
- Use the flag --network-interface=no-address instead if you don't want the network interface to have an external IP address.
- Specify address='' if you want the interface to receive an ephemeral external IP address.
To specify an external IPv6 address, use the flag --external-ipv6-address instead.

Terraform

To create a VM in a specific subnet, you can use the google_compute_instance resource.


# Create a VM in a custom VPC network and subnet

resource "google_compute_instance" "custom_subnet" {
  name         = "my-vm-instance"
  tags         = ["allow-ssh"]
  zone         = "europe-west1-b"
  machine_type = "e2-small"
  network_interface {
    network    = google_compute_network.custom.id
    subnetwork = google_compute_subnetwork.custom.id
  }
  boot_disk {
    initialize_params {
      image = "debian-cloud/debian-12"
    }
  }
}

To learn how to apply or remove a Terraform configuration, see Basic Terraform commands.

The process for creating a VM with a shared image in Terraform is the same as if you were creating a VM with a publicly available image.

In the Google Cloud console, go to the VM instances page.
Go to VM Instances
Click Create instance.
Specify the parameters you want.
At the top or bottom of the page, click Equivalent code, and then click the Terraform tab to view the Terraform code.

Go

Before trying this sample, follow the Go setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Go API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceWithSubnet creates a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system in specified network and subnetwork.
func createInstanceWithSubnet(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, networkLink, subnetworkLink string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// networkLink := "global/networks/default"
	// subnetworkLink := "regions/region/subnetworks/subnetwork_name"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	imagesClient, err := compute.NewImagesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewImagesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer imagesClient.Close()

	// List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
	newestDebianReq := &computepb.GetFromFamilyImageRequest{
		Project: "debian-cloud",
		Family:  "debian-12",
	}
	newestDebian, err := imagesClient.GetFromFamily(ctx, newestDebianReq)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get image from family: %w", err)
	}

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
			Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
				{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: newestDebian.SelfLink,
						DiskType:    proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard", zone)),
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			},
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1", zone)),
			NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
				{
					Name:       proto.String(networkLink),
					Subnetwork: proto.String(subnetworkLink),
				},
			},
		},
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java

Before trying this sample, follow the Java setup instructions in the Compute Engine quickstart using client libraries. For more information, see the Compute Engine Java API reference documentation.

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk.Type;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Image;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.ImagesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Vector;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstancesAdvanced {

  /**
   * Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the source
   * for the new disk.
   *
   * @param diskType the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)". For example:
   * "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
   * @param diskSizeGb size of the new disk in gigabytes
   * @param boot boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an
   * instance
   * @param sourceImage source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to
   * this disk. This can be one of the publicly available images or an image from one of your
   * projects. This value uses the following format:
   * "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
   * @return AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
   */
  private static AttachedDisk diskFromImage(String diskType, int diskSizeGb, boolean boot,
      String sourceImage) {
    AttachedDisk disk =
        AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
            .setBoot(boot)
            // Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when
            // you delete your VM instance.
            .setAutoDelete(true)
            .setType(Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
            .setInitializeParams(
                AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
                    .setSourceImage(sourceImage)
                    .setDiskSizeGb(diskSizeGb)
                    .setDiskType(diskType)
                    .build())
            .build();
    return disk;
  }


  /**
   * Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.
   *
   * @param project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
   * @param zone name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
   * @param instanceName name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
   * @param disks a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks you want to attach
   * to your new instance.
   * @param machineType machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the following format:
   * "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
   * For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
   * @param network name of the network you want the new instance to use. For example:
   * "global/networks/default" represents the network named "default", which is created
   * automatically for each project.
   * @param subnetwork name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use. This value uses the
   * following format: "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
   * @return Instance object.
   */
  private static Instance createWithDisks(String project, String zone, String instanceName,
      Vector<AttachedDisk> disks, String machineType, String network, String subnetwork)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {
      // Use the network interface provided in the networkName argument.
      NetworkInterface networkInterface;
      if (subnetwork != null) {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).setSubnetwork(subnetwork)
            .build();
      } else {
        networkInterface = NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
            .setName(network).build();
      }

      machineType = String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType);

      // Bind `instanceName`, `machineType`, `disk`, and `networkInterface` to an instance.
      Instance instanceResource =
          Instance.newBuilder()
              .setName(instanceName)
              .setMachineType(machineType)
              .addAllDisks(disks)
              .addNetworkInterfaces(networkInterface)
              .build();

      System.out.printf("Creating instance: %s at %s ", instanceName, zone);

      // Insert the instance in the specified project and zone.
      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instanceResource).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(
          insertInstanceRequest);

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation failed ! ! " + response);
        return null;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());

      return instancesClient.get(project, zone, instanceName);
    }
  }

Node.js

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const networkLink = 'global/networks/default';
// const subnetworkLink = 'regions/europe-central2/subnetworks/default';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Creates a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system in specified network and subnetwork.
async function createInstanceWithSubnet() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();
  const imagesClient = new compute.ImagesClient();

  // List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details.
  const [newestDebian] = await imagesClient.getFromFamily({
    project: 'debian-cloud',
    family: 'debian-11',
  });

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: newestDebian.selfLink,
            diskType: `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/n1-standard-1`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          name: networkLink,
          subnetwork: subnetworkLink,
        },
      ],
    },
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceWithSubnet();

Python

To authenticate to Compute Engine, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_with_subnet(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, network_link: str, subnet_link: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Create a new VM instance with Debian 10 operating system in specified network and subnetwork.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    newest_debian = get_image_from_family(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-12")
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 10, True, newest_debian.self_link)]
    instance = create_instance(
        project_id,
        zone,
        instance_name,
        disks,
        network_link=network_link,
        subnetwork_link=subnet_link,
    )
    return instance

REST

Follow the API instructions to create a VM from an image or a snapshot, but specify the subnet field in the request body. To add blank disks, don't add a source image. You can optionally specify the diskSizeGb, diskType, and labels properties.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances

{
   "machineType":"zones/MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
   "name":"VM_NAME",
   
   "disks":[
      {
         "initializeParams":{
            "sourceImage":"projects/IMAGE_PROJECT/global/images/IMAGE"
         },
         "boot":true
      }
   ],
   
   
   "networkInterfaces":[
      {
         "network":"global/networks/NETWORK_NAME",
         "subnetwork":"regions/REGION/subnetworks/SUBNET_NAME",
         "stackType":"STACK_TYPE"
      }
   ],
   
  
   "shieldedInstanceConfig":{
      "enableSecureBoot":"ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT"
   }
}

Replace the following:

PROJECT_ID: ID of the project to create the VM in
ZONE: zone to create the VM in
MACHINE_TYPE_ZONE: zone containing the machine type to use for the new VM
MACHINE_TYPE: machine type, predefined or custom, for the new VM
VM_NAME: name of the new VM
IMAGE_PROJECT: project containing the image
For example, if you specify debian-10 as the image family, specify debian-cloud as the image project.
IMAGE: specify one of the following:
- IMAGE: a specific version of a public image
  
  For example, "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/debian-10-buster-v20200309"
- IMAGE_FAMILY: an image family
  
  This creates the VM from the most recent, non-deprecated OS image. For example, if you specify "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-10", Compute Engine creates a VM from the latest version of the OS image in the Debian 10 image family.
NETWORK_NAME: Optional: the VPC network that you want to use for the VM. You can specify default to use your default network.
REGION: region where the specified subnet exists. This must be the same region as the VM.
SUBNET_NAME: name of the subnet to use
STACK_TYPE: Optional: the stack type for the network interface. You can specify one of IPV4_ONLY, IPV4_IPV6, or IPV6_ONLY (Preview). The default value is IPV4_ONLY.
ENABLE_SECURE_BOOT: Optional: If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM features, Compute Engine, by default, enables the virtual trusted platform module (vTPM) and integrity monitoring. Compute Engine does not enable Secure Boot by default.

If you specify true for enableSecureBoot, Compute Engine creates a VM with all three Shielded VM features enabled. After Compute Engine starts your VM, to modify Shielded VM options, you must stop the VM.

Create a VM that's configured for Ops Agent monitoring and logging

The Ops Agent collects telemetry data for VMs that you can then use for troubleshooting and performance tuning. You can install Ops Agent while creating a VM or on existing VMs as described in the following topics:

Install the Ops Agent when you create a VM using the Google Cloud console: Enable automatic installation of Ops Agent by selecting the Install the Ops Agent for Monitoring and Logging checkbox on the Create an instance page. This option enables VM Manager in limited functionality mode and it creates an OS policy assignment for installing Ops Agent on the VM. For more information, see Install Ops Agent during VM creation.
Install the Ops Agent on existing VMs: Use the Google Cloud console, the gcloud CLI, or an automation tool to install Ops Agent on a fleet of VMs or on individual VMs. For instructions, see Install the Ops Agent.
Note: If you install the Ops Agent, then you might be charged for the metrics and logs that the agent sends to your Google Cloud project. For more information, see Google Cloud Observability pricing.

Troubleshooting

To find methods for resolving common VM creation errors, see Troubleshooting VM creation.

What's next?
- Check the status of the VM to see when it's ready to use.
- Learn how to use snapshots to back up your disks.
- Learn how to create and attach a non-boot storage disk to your VM to store your data separately from the boot disk.
- Learn how to connect to your VM.
- Learn how to scale out your VM into a group of VMs.
Try it for yourself

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