授權變更和限制


只有特定進階版 Linux OS 授權可附加、移除或更換。Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL)、RHEL for SAP、SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES)、SLES for SAP、Ubuntu 和 Ubuntu Pro 支援下列用途的授權變更:

  • 在 RHEL、RHEL for SAP、SLES 和 SLES for SAP 的 BYOS 和即付即用結帳模式之間切換
  • 從 Ubuntu 直接升級至 Ubuntu Pro
  • 新增或移除 RHEL ELS 加購授權

授權擁有者可以變更特定授權的有效授權變更。變更授權前,請先確認目標授權變更有效。本指南說明如何找出特定授權的現行有效授權變更。並說明變更授權的相關限制。

事前準備

  • 如果尚未設定驗證,請先完成設定。 驗證可確認您的身分,以便存取 Google Cloud 服務和 API。如要從本機開發環境執行程式碼或範例,可以選取下列任一選項,向 Compute Engine 進行驗證:

    Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

    Console

    When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

    gcloud

    1. 安裝 Google Cloud CLI。 安裝完成後,執行下列指令初始化 Google Cloud CLI:

      gcloud init

      如果您使用外部識別資訊提供者 (IdP),請先 使用聯合身分登入 gcloud CLI

    2. Set a default region and zone.

查看授權資訊

在 Cloud Shell 中執行下列指令。將 LICENSE_URL 替換為要調查的授權。如需常見的 Linux 授權網址清單,請參閱「有效授權」表格。

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" -H "Content-Type: application/json" LICENSE_URL

舉例來說,如要檢查 RHEL 7 PAYG 授權:

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server

輸出結果會與下列內容相似:

{
  "kind": "compute#license",
  "name": "rhel-7-server",
  "chargesUseFee": true,
  "id": "6080198135500386054",
  "licenseCode": "1000006",
  "creationTimestamp": "2013-08-19T17:17:57.000-07:00",
  "description": "RedHat Enterprise Linux 7",
  "transferable": true,
  "selfLink": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server",
  "selfLinkWithId": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/6080198135500386054",
  "appendableToDisk": true,
  "removableFromDisk": false,
  "allowedReplacementLicenses": [
    "1492188837615955530",
    "8475125252192923229",
    "601259152637613565",
    "489291035512960571",
    "1270685562947480748"
  ],
  "osLicense": false,
  "soleTenantOnly": false,
  "multiTenantOnly": false,
  "minimumRetention": {
    "seconds": "0",
    "nanos": 0
  },
  "updateTimestamp": ""
}

回應會列出下列重要欄位:

  • removableFromDisk:如果為 true,授權可以從磁碟中移除。如果為「false」,您必須先更換為有效授權,才能移除授權。
  • allowedReplacementLicenses:這是可做為有效替代項目的授權清單。如要瞭解授權代碼對應的授權,請參閱有效授權
  • minimumRetention:授權在 VM 上必須存在的最短時間,之後才能套用其他授權變更。

範例:將 RHEL 7 PAYG 換成 RHEL 8 PAYG

如要將 RHEL 7 PAYG 授權替換為 RHEL 8 PAYG 授權,請使用下列資訊找出 RHEL 8 PAYG 的授權代碼和授權網址:

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
RHEL 8 PAYG 601259152637613565 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-server

由於 RHEL 8 PAYG 的授權碼 (601259152637613565) 列於 RHEL 7 PAYG 的allowedReplacementLicenses下方,這表示可以更換有效的授權。

如要更換授權,請使用下列指令:

  gcloud compute disks update DISK_NAME
      --replace-license=projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server,projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-server
      --zone=DISK_ZONE

有效執照

下表列出 RHEL、SLES、Ubuntu 和 Ubuntu Pro 的有效授權。

RHEL 授權資訊

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
RHEL 6 PAYG 1000002 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-6-server
RHEL 7 PAYG 1000006 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-server
RHEL 7 ELS 4646774207868449156 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-els
RHEL 8 PAYG 601259152637613565 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-server
RHEL 9 PAYG 7883559014960410759 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-server
RHEL 6 BYOS 4720191914037931587 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-6-byos
RHEL 7 BYOS 1492188837615955530 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-7-byos
RHEL 8 BYOS 8475125252192923229 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-byos
RHEL 9 BYOS 3837518230911135854 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-byos
RHEL 8 for SAP PAYG 1270685562947480748 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-sap
RHEL 9 for SAP PAYG 8291906032809750558 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-sap
RHEL 8 for SAP BYOS 489291035512960571 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-8-sap-byos
RHEL 9 for SAP BYOS 6753525580035552782 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/rhel-sap-cloud/global/licenses/rhel-9-sap-byos

SLES 授權資訊

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
SLES 11 PAYG 1000004 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-cloud/global/licenses/sles-11
SLES 12 PAYG 1000008 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-cloud/global/licenses/sles-12
SLES 15 PAYG 5422776498422280384 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-cloud/global/licenses/sles-15
SLES 11 BYOS 3562683225507985416 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-11-byos
SLES 12 BYOS 5995918435054614609 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-12-byos
SLES 15 BYOS 7429287564402499183 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-15-byos
SLES 12 for SAP PAYG 4079932016749305610 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-sap-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-12
SLES 15 for SAP PAYG 4764125400812555962 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-sap-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-15
SLES 12 for SAP BYOS 7194268483061119118 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-12-byos
SLES 15 for SAP BYOS 6035015651111738499 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/suse-byos-cloud/global/licenses/sles-sap-15-byos

Ubuntu 和 Ubuntu Pro 授權資訊

授權名稱 授權碼 授權網址
Ubuntu 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) 1000201 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-1604-xenial
Ubuntu Pro 16.04 (Xenial Xerus) 8045211386737108299 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-1604-lts
Ubuntu 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) 5926592092274602096 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-1804-lts
Ubuntu Pro 18.04 LTS (Bionic Beaver) 6022427724719891830 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-1804-lts
Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) 2211838267635035815 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-2004-lts
Ubuntu Pro 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) 599959289349842382 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-2004-lts
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) 5511465778777431107 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-2204-lts
Ubuntu Pro 22.04 LTS (Jammy Jellyfish) 2592866803419978320 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-2204-lts
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) 3242930272766215801 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-2404-lts
Ubuntu Pro 24.04 LTS (Noble Numbat) 2176054482269786025 https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/ubuntu-os-pro-cloud/global/licenses/ubuntu-pro-2404-lts