Crear y administrar máquinas virtuales de Windows Server


Compute Engine proporciona imágenes públicas con Windows Server que puedes usar para crear instancias. Para obtener instrucciones sobre cómo crear una instancia de Windows Server con SQL Server preinstalado, consulte Creación de instancias de SQL Server .

Para obtener más información general sobre las instancias de Windows Server y las aplicaciones de Windows que puedes ejecutar en Compute Engine, consulta Windows en Compute Engine .

Precios

Antes de comenzar

Crear una instancia de Windows Server

Para crear una instancia con Windows Server, especifique la familia de imágenes para la versión específica de Windows que necesita. Compute Engine ofrece varias versiones de Windows Server, la mayoría de las cuales están disponibles como imágenes de VM protegidas . Las imágenes de VM blindadas ofrecen funciones de seguridad como firmware compatible con UEFI, arranque seguro y arranque medido protegido con vTPM. Para obtener una lista de las familias de imágenes disponibles, consulte imágenes públicas .

Si necesita más de dos sesiones de escritorio remoto simultáneas, deberá comprar licencias de acceso de cliente (CAL) de sesión de escritorio remoto (RDS). Para obtener más información, consulte Obtener licencias para su implementación de RDS con licencias de acceso de cliente (CAL) .

Trabajar con Microsoft Active Directory

Si planea utilizar Microsoft Active Directory (AD) con su nueva instancia, asegúrese de que el nombre de la instancia no tenga más de 15 caracteres para cumplir con las restricciones de longitud máxima de nombre establecidas por el sistema.

AD utiliza los nombres NetBIOS de las máquinas, que se generan como el nombre de la instancia truncado a 15 caracteres. Como resultado, es posible que encuentre el siguiente error al intentar iniciar sesión como usuario de dominio: The Security Database on the Server does not have a Computer Account for this Workstation Trust Relationship .

Cree una instancia de Windows Server que utilice una IP externa para activar

Esta sección describe cómo crear una instancia de Windows Server que tenga una dirección IP externa. Su red VPC debe estar configurada para permitir el acceso a kms.windows.googlecloud.com .

Consola

Para crear una máquina virtual Windows básica:

  1. En la consola de Google Cloud, vaya a la página Crear una instancia .

    Ir a Crear una instancia

  2. Para Disco de arranque , seleccione Cambiar y haga lo siguiente:

    1. En la pestaña Imágenes públicas , elija un sistema operativo Windows Server.
    2. Haga clic en Seleccionar .
  3. Para crear la VM, haga clic en Crear .

Para crear una instancia de Windows de VM protegida , haga lo siguiente:

  1. En la consola de Google Cloud, vaya a la página Crear una instancia .

    Ir a Crear una instancia

  2. Para Disco de arranque , seleccione Cambiar y haga lo siguiente:

    1. En la pestaña Imágenes públicas , elija un sistema operativo Windows Server.
    2. Para guardar la configuración del disco de arranque, haga clic en Seleccionar .
  3. Opcionalmente, para cambiar la configuración de la VM protegida de la VM, expanda la sección Opciones avanzadas . Luego, haz lo siguiente:

    1. Expanda la sección Seguridad .
    2. Si desea desactivar el arranque seguro, desmarque la casilla de verificación Activar arranque seguro . Secure Boot ayuda a proteger sus instancias de VM contra malware y rootkits a nivel de arranque y de kernel. Para obtener más información, consulte Arranque seguro .
    3. Si desea desactivar el módulo de plataforma virtual confiable (vTPM), desmarque la casilla Activar vTPM . vTPM habilita el arranque medido, que valida la integridad del arranque y el prearranque de la VM. Para obtener más información, consulte Módulo de plataforma segura virtual (vTPM) .

    4. Si desea desactivar el monitoreo de integridad, desmarque la casilla de verificación Activar monitoreo de integridad . El monitoreo de integridad le permite monitorear la integridad del arranque de sus máquinas virtuales blindadas mediante Cloud Monitoring. Para obtener más información, consulte Monitoreo de integridad .

  4. Para crear la VM, haga clic en Crear .

nube de gcloud

Utilice el comando compute images list para ver una lista de imágenes de Windows Server disponibles:

gcloud compute images list --project windows-cloud --no-standard-images

Para determinar si una imagen admite funciones de VM protegida, ejecute el siguiente comando y verifique UEFI_COMPATIBLE en el resultado:

gcloud compute images describe IMAGE_NAME --project windows-cloud

Reemplace IMAGE_NAME con el nombre de la imagen para verificar la compatibilidad con las funciones de VM protegida.

Utilice el comando compute instances create para crear una nueva instancia y especificar la familia de imágenes para una de las imágenes públicas de Windows Server.

gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME \
    --image-project windows-cloud \
    --image-family IMAGE_FAMILY \
    --machine-type MACHINE_TYPE \
    --boot-disk-size BOOT_DISK_SIZE \
    --boot-disk-type BOOT_DISK_TYPE

Reemplace lo siguiente:

  • INSTANCE_NAME : un nombre para la nueva instancia.
  • IMAGE_FAMILY : una de las familias de imágenes públicas para imágenes de Windows Server.
  • MACHINE_TYPE : uno de los tipos de máquina disponibles.
  • BOOT_DISK_SIZE : el tamaño del disco de arranque en GiB. Los discos más grandes tienen un mayor rendimiento .
  • BOOT_DISK_TYPE : el tipo de disco de arranque para su instancia, por ejemplo, hyperdisk-balanced o pd-ssd .

Si elige una imagen que admita VM protegida, opcionalmente puede cambiar la configuración de VM protegida de la instancia usando una de las siguientes marcas:

  • --no-shielded-secure-boot : Desactiva el arranque seguro. Secure Boot ayuda a proteger sus instancias de VM contra malware y rootkits a nivel de arranque y de kernel. Para obtener más información, consulte Arranque seguro .
  • --no-shielded-vtpm : deshabilite el módulo de plataforma virtual confiable (vTPM). vTPM habilita el arranque medido, que valida la integridad del arranque y el prearranque de la VM. Para obtener más información, consulte Módulo de plataforma segura virtual (vTPM) .

  • --no-shielded-integrity-monitoring : deshabilita el monitoreo de integridad. El monitoreo de integridad le permite monitorear la integridad del arranque de sus instancias de VM blindadas mediante Cloud Monitoring. Para obtener más información, consulte Monitoreo de integridad .

El siguiente ejemplo crea una instancia de VM blindada de Windows 2022 con el arranque seguro deshabilitado:

gcloud compute instances create my-instance \
    --image-family windows-2022 --image-project windows-cloud \
    --no-shielded-secure-boot

Ir

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createWndowsServerInstanceExternalIP creates a new Windows Server instance
// that has an external IP address.
func createWndowsServerInstanceExternalIP(
	w io.Writer,
	projectID, zone, instanceName, machineType, sourceImageFamily string,
) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// machineType := "n1-standard-1"
	// sourceImageFamily := "windows-2022"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	disk := &computepb.AttachedDisk{
		// Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
		InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
			DiskSizeGb: proto.Int64(64),
			SourceImage: proto.String(
				fmt.Sprintf(
					"projects/windows-cloud/global/images/family/%s",
					sourceImageFamily,
				),
			),
		},
		AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
		Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
	}

	network := &computepb.NetworkInterface{
		// If you are using a custom VPC network it must be configured
		// to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
		// https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server.
		Name: proto.String("global/networks/default"),
		AccessConfigs: []*computepb.AccessConfig{
			{
				Type: proto.String("ONE_TO_ONE_NAT"),
				Name: proto.String("External NAT"),
			},
		},
	}

	inst := &computepb.Instance{
		Name: proto.String(instanceName),
		Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
			disk,
		},
		MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType)),
		NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
			network,
		},
		// If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM,
		// you can optionally change the instance's Shielded VM settings.
		// ShieldedInstanceConfig: &computepb.ShieldedInstanceConfig{
		// 	EnableSecureBoot: proto.Bool(true),
		// 	EnableVtpm: proto.Bool(true),
		// 	EnableIntegrityMonitoring: proto.Bool(true),
		// },
	}

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project:          projectID,
		Zone:             zone,
		InstanceResource: inst,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AccessConfig;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateWindowsServerInstanceExternalIp {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // projectId - ID or number of the project you want to use.
    String projectId = "your-google-cloud-project-id";

    // zone - Name of the zone you want to use, for example: us-west3-b
    String zone = "europe-central2-b";

    // instanceName - Name of the new machine.
    String instanceName = "instance-name";

    createWindowsServerInstanceExternalIp(projectId, zone, instanceName);
  }

  // Creates a new Windows Server instance that has an external IP address.
  public static void createWindowsServerInstanceExternalIp(String projectId, String zone,
      String instanceName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {

    // machineType - Machine type you want to create in following format:
    //  *    "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
    //  *    "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
    //  *    You can find the list of available machine types using:
    //  *    https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
    String machineType = "n1-standard-1";
    // sourceImageFamily - Name of the public image family for Windows Server or SQL Server images.
    //  *    https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images#os-compute-support
    String sourceImageFamily = "windows-2022";

    // Instantiates a client.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      AttachedDisk attachedDisk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
          // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
          .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
              .setDiskSizeGb(64)
              .setSourceImage(
                  String.format("projects/windows-cloud/global/images/family/%s",
                      sourceImageFamily))
              .build())
          .setAutoDelete(true)
          .setBoot(true)
          .setType(AttachedDisk.Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
          .build();

      Instance instance = Instance.newBuilder()
          .setName(instanceName)
          .setMachineType(String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType))
          .addDisks(attachedDisk)
          .addNetworkInterfaces(NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
              .addAccessConfigs(AccessConfig.newBuilder()
                  .setType("ONE_TO_ONE_NAT")
                  .setName("External NAT")
                  .build())
              // If you're going to use a custom VPC network, it must be configured
              // to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
              // https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server.
              .setName("global/networks/default")
              .build())
          // If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM, you can optionally change the
          // instance's Shielded VM settings.
          // .setShieldedInstanceConfig(ShieldedInstanceConfig.newBuilder()
          //    .setEnableSecureBoot(true)
          //    .setEnableVtpm(true)
          //    .setEnableIntegrityMonitoring(true)
          //    .build())
          .build();

      InsertInstanceRequest request = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(projectId)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instance)
          .build();

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(request).get(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (operation.hasError()) {
        System.out.printf("Error in creating instance %s", operation.getError());
        return;
      }

      System.out.printf("Instance created %s", instanceName);
    }
  }
}

Nodo.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const machineType = 'n1-standard-1';
// const sourceImageFamily = 'windows-2022';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function createWindowsServerInstanceExpernalIP() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '64',
            sourceImage: `projects/windows-cloud/global/images/family/${sourceImageFamily}/`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${machineType}`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          accessConfigs: [
            {
              type: 'ONE_TO_ONE_NAT',
              name: 'External NAT',
            },
          ],
          // If you are using a custom VPC network it must be configured to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
          // https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server.
          name: 'global/networks/default',
        },
      ],
      // If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM, you can optionally change the instance's Shielded VM settings.
      // "shieldedInstanceConfig": {
      //   "enableSecureBoot": true,
      //   "enableVtpm": true,
      //   "enableIntegrityMonitoring": true
      // },
    },
    project: projectId,
    zone,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createWindowsServerInstanceExpernalIP();

Pitón

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_windows_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    machine_type: str,
    source_image_family: str = "windows-2022",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str | None = None,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Creates a new Windows Server instance that has only an internal IP address.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        machine_type: machine type you want to create in following format:
            "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
            "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
            You can find the list of available machine types using:
            https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
        source_image_family: name of the public image family for Windows Server or SQL Server images.
            https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images#os-compute-support
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
           "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    if subnetwork_link is None:
        subnetwork_link = f"regions/{zone}/subnetworks/default"

    base_image = get_image_from_family(
        project="windows-cloud", family=source_image_family
    )
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 100, True, base_image.self_link, True)]

    # You must verify or configure routes and firewall rules in your VPC network
    # to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
    # More information about access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server

    # Additionally, you must enable Private Google Access for subnets in your VPC network
    # that contain Windows instances with only internal IP addresses.
    # More information about Private Google Access: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/configure-private-google-access#enabling

    instance = create_instance(
        project_id,
        zone,
        instance_name,
        disks,
        machine_type=machine_type,
        network_link=network_link,
        subnetwork_link=subnetwork_link,
        external_access=True,  # Set this to False to disable external IP for your instance
    )
    return instance

DESCANSAR

Para crear una instancia con la API, incluya la propiedad initializeParams en su solicitud de creación de instancia y especifique una imagen de Windows. Por ejemplo, el cuerpo de su solicitud podría verse así:

instance = {
  "name": "INSTANCE_NAME",
  "machineType": "zones/ZONE/machineTypes/MACHINE_TYPE",
  "disks": [{
      "boot": "true",
      "type": "PERSISTENT",
      "initializeParams": {
         "diskName": "DISK_NAME",
         "sourceImage": "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/windows-cloud/global/images/family/IMAGE_FAMILY",
         "diskSizeGb": "BOOT_DISK_SIZE",
         "diskType": "BOOT_DISK_TYPE",
       }
    }],
  "networkInterfaces": [{
    "accessConfigs": [{
      "type": "ONE_TO_ONE_NAT",
      "name": "External NAT"
     }],
    "network": "global/networks/default"
  }],
  "serviceAccounts": [{
       "email": DEFAULT_SERVICE_EMAIL,
       "scopes": DEFAULT_SCOPES
  }]
}

Reemplace los siguientes marcadores de posición con valores válidos:

  • INSTANCE_NAME : el nombre de la nueva instancia.
  • IMAGE_FAMILY : una de las familias de imágenes públicas para imágenes de Windows Server o SQL Server.
  • ZONE : la zona para esta instancia.
  • MACHINE_TYPE : uno de los tipos de máquina disponibles.
  • BOOT_DISK_SIZE : el tamaño del disco de arranque en GiB. Los discos más grandes tienen un mayor rendimiento .
  • BOOT_DISK_TYPE : el tipo de disco de arranque para su instancia, por ejemplo, hyperdisk-balanced o pd-ssd .

Si elige una imagen que admita la VM protegida , opcionalmente puede cambiar la configuración de la VM protegida de la instancia mediante los siguientes elementos del cuerpo de la solicitud booleana:

  • enableSecureBoot : habilita o deshabilita el arranque seguro. Secure Boot ayuda a proteger sus instancias de VM contra malware y rootkits a nivel de arranque y de kernel. Para obtener más información, consulte Arranque seguro .
  • enableVtpm : habilita o deshabilita el módulo de plataforma virtual confiable (vTPM). vTPM habilita el arranque medido, que valida la integridad del arranque y el prearranque de la VM. Para obtener más información, consulte Módulo de plataforma segura virtual (vTPM) .

  • enableIntegrityMonitoring : habilita o deshabilita el monitoreo de integridad. El monitoreo de integridad le permite monitorear y verificar la integridad del arranque en tiempo de ejecución de sus instancias de VM protegidas mediante informes de Cloud Monitoring. Para obtener más información, consulte Monitoreo de integridad .

Para obtener más información sobre la creación de una instancia, lea la documentación del método instances.insert() .

Después de crear su instancia de Windows o SQL Server, establezca la contraseña inicial para la instancia para que pueda conectarse a la instancia a través de RDP.

Además, puede unir la máquina virtual a un dominio administrado de Microsoft AD mientras crea la máquina virtual o después de crearla. Para obtener más información, consulte Unirse automáticamente a una máquina virtual Windows a un dominio ).

Cree una instancia de Windows Server que utilice una dirección IP interna para activar

Antes de poder crear una instancia de Windows Server que solo tenga una dirección IP interna, debe verificar o configurar rutas y reglas de firewall en su red de VPC para permitir el acceso a kms.windows.googlecloud.com . Además, debe habilitar el acceso privado a Google para subredes en su red de VPC que contengan instancias de Windows con solo direcciones IP internas.

nube de gcloud

Cuando creas una nueva instancia mediante la CLI de gcloud, puedes usar la marca --no-address para asegurarte de que no se le asigne una dirección IP externa:

gcloud compute instances create INSTANCE_NAME --network NETWORK_NAME \
 --subnet SUBNET_NAME \
 --no-address \
 --zone ZONE \
 --image-project windows-cloud \
 --image-family IMAGE_FAMILY \
 --machine-type MACHINE_TYPE \
 --boot-disk-size BOOT_DISK_SIZE \
 --boot-disk-type BOOT_DISK_TYPE

Reemplace los siguientes marcadores de posición con valores válidos:

  • INSTANCE_NAME : un nombre para la nueva instancia.
  • SUBNET_NAME : el nombre de la subred en la red VPC que utilizará la instancia. La subred debe estar en la misma región que la zona que elija para la instancia.
  • IMAGE_FAMILY : una de las familias de imágenes públicas para imágenes de Windows Server.
  • MACHINE_TYPE : uno de los tipos de máquina disponibles.
  • BOOT_DISK_SIZE : el tamaño del disco de arranque en GiB. Los discos más grandes tienen un mayor rendimiento .
  • BOOT_DISK_TYPE : el tipo de disco de arranque para su instancia. Por ejemplo, hyperdisk-balanced o pd-ssd .

Ir

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createWndowsServerInstanceInternalIP creates a new Windows Server instance
// that has only an internal IP address.
func createWndowsServerInstanceInternalIP(
	w io.Writer,
	projectID, zone, instanceName, machineType, sourceImageFamily, networkLink, subnetworkLink string,
) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// machineType := "n1-standard-1"
	// sourceImageFamily := "windows-2022"
	// networkLink := "global/networks/default"
	// subnetworkLink := "regions/europe-central2/subnetworks/default"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	disk := &computepb.AttachedDisk{
		// Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
		InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
			DiskSizeGb: proto.Int64(64),
			SourceImage: proto.String(
				fmt.Sprintf(
					"projects/windows-cloud/global/images/family/%s",
					sourceImageFamily,
				),
			),
		},
		AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
		Boot:       proto.Bool(true),
	}

	network := &computepb.NetworkInterface{
		// You must verify or configure routes and firewall rules in your VPC network
		// to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
		// More information about access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com:
		// https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server

		// Additionally, you must enable Private Google Access for subnets in your VPC network
		// that contain Windows instances with only internal IP addresses.
		// More information about Private Google Access:
		// https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/configure-private-google-access#enabling
		Name:       proto.String(networkLink),
		Subnetwork: proto.String(subnetworkLink),
	}

	inst := &computepb.Instance{
		Name: proto.String(instanceName),
		Disks: []*computepb.AttachedDisk{
			disk,
		},
		MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType)),
		NetworkInterfaces: []*computepb.NetworkInterface{
			network,
		},
		// If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM,
		// you can optionally change the instance's Shielded VM settings.
		// ShieldedInstanceConfig: &computepb.ShieldedInstanceConfig{
		// 	EnableSecureBoot: proto.Bool(true),
		// 	EnableVtpm: proto.Bool(true),
		// 	EnableIntegrityMonitoring: proto.Bool(true),
		// },
	}

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project:          projectID,
		Zone:             zone,
		InstanceResource: inst,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.NetworkInterface;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateWindowsServerInstanceInternalIp {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // projectId - ID or number of the project you want to use.
    String projectId = "your-google-cloud-project-id";

    // zone - Name of the zone you want to use, for example: us-west3-b
    String zone = "europe-central2-b";

    // instanceName - Name of the new machine.
    String instanceName = "instance-name";

    // networkLink - Name of the network you want the new instance to use.
    //  *   For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
    //  *   named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
    String networkLink = "global/networks/default";

    // subnetworkLink - Name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
    //  *   This value uses the following format:
    //  *   "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
    String subnetworkLink = "regions/europe-central2/subnetworks/default";

    createWindowsServerInstanceInternalIp(projectId, zone, instanceName, networkLink,
        subnetworkLink);
  }

  // Creates a new Windows Server instance that has only an internal IP address.
  public static void createWindowsServerInstanceInternalIp(String projectId, String zone,
      String instanceName, String networkLink, String subnetworkLink)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {

    // machineType - Machine type you want to create in following format:
    //  *    "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
    //  *    "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
    //  *    You can find the list of available machine types using:
    //  *    https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
    String machineType = "n1-standard-1";
    // sourceImageFamily - Name of the public image family for Windows Server or SQL Server images.
    //  *    https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images#os-compute-support
    String sourceImageFamily = "windows-2022";

    // Instantiates a client.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      AttachedDisk attachedDisk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
          // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
          .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
              .setDiskSizeGb(64)
              .setSourceImage(
                  String.format("projects/windows-cloud/global/images/family/%s",
                      sourceImageFamily))
              .build())
          .setAutoDelete(true)
          .setBoot(true)
          .setType(AttachedDisk.Type.PERSISTENT.toString())
          .build();

      Instance instance = Instance.newBuilder()
          .setName(instanceName)
          .setMachineType(String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType))
          .addDisks(attachedDisk)
          .addNetworkInterfaces(NetworkInterface.newBuilder()
              // You must verify or configure routes and firewall rules in your VPC network
              // to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
              // More information about access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server

              // Additionally, you must enable Private Google Access for subnets in your VPC network
              // that contain Windows instances with only internal IP addresses.
              // More information about Private Google Access: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/configure-private-google-access#enabling
              .setName(networkLink)
              .setSubnetwork(subnetworkLink)
              .build())
          // If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM, you can optionally change the
          // instance's Shielded VM settings.
          // .setShieldedInstanceConfig(ShieldedInstanceConfig.newBuilder()
          //    .setEnableSecureBoot(true)
          //    .setEnableVtpm(true)
          //    .setEnableIntegrityMonitoring(true)
          //    .build())
          .build();

      InsertInstanceRequest request = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(projectId)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instance)
          .build();

      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation operation = instancesClient.insertAsync(request).get(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (operation.hasError()) {
        System.out.printf("Error in creating instance %s", operation.getError());
        return;
      }

      System.out.printf("Instance created %s", instanceName);
    }
  }
}

Nodo.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const machineType = 'n1-standard-1';
// const sourceImageFamily = 'windows-2022';
// const networkLink = 'global/networks/default';
// const subnetworkLink = 'regions/europe-central2/subnetworks/default';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

async function createWindowsServerInstanceInternalIP() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      disks: [
        {
          // Describe the size and source image of the boot disk to attach to the instance.
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '64',
            sourceImage: `projects/windows-cloud/global/images/family/${sourceImageFamily}/`,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: true,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${machineType}`,
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          // You must verify or configure routes and firewall rules in your VPC network
          // to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
          // More information about access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server

          // Additionally, you must enable Private Google Access for subnets in your VPC network
          // that contain Windows instances with only internal IP addresses.
          // More information about Private Google Access: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/configure-private-google-access#enabling
          name: networkLink,
          subnetwork: subnetworkLink,
        },
      ],
      // If you chose an image that supports Shielded VM, you can optionally change the instance's Shielded VM settings.
      // "shieldedInstanceConfig": {
      //   "enableSecureBoot": true,
      //   "enableVtpm": true,
      //   "enableIntegrityMonitoring": true
      // },
    },
    project: projectId,
    zone,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createWindowsServerInstanceInternalIP();

Pitón

from __future__ import annotations

import re
import sys
from typing import Any
import warnings

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def get_image_from_family(project: str, family: str) -> compute_v1.Image:
    """
    Retrieve the newest image that is part of a given family in a project.

    Args:
        project: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to get image from.
        family: name of the image family you want to get image from.

    Returns:
        An Image object.
    """
    image_client = compute_v1.ImagesClient()
    # List of public operating system (OS) images: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images/os-details
    newest_image = image_client.get_from_family(project=project, family=family)
    return newest_image


def disk_from_image(
    disk_type: str,
    disk_size_gb: int,
    boot: bool,
    source_image: str,
    auto_delete: bool = True,
) -> compute_v1.AttachedDisk:
    """
    Create an AttachedDisk object to be used in VM instance creation. Uses an image as the
    source for the new disk.

    Args:
         disk_type: the type of disk you want to create. This value uses the following format:
            "zones/{zone}/diskTypes/(pd-standard|pd-ssd|pd-balanced|pd-extreme)".
            For example: "zones/us-west3-b/diskTypes/pd-ssd"
        disk_size_gb: size of the new disk in gigabytes
        boot: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be used as a boot disk of an instance
        source_image: source image to use when creating this disk. You must have read access to this disk. This can be one
            of the publicly available images or an image from one of your projects.
            This value uses the following format: "projects/{project_name}/global/images/{image_name}"
        auto_delete: boolean flag indicating whether this disk should be deleted with the VM that uses it

    Returns:
        AttachedDisk object configured to be created using the specified image.
    """
    boot_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    initialize_params = compute_v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams()
    initialize_params.source_image = source_image
    initialize_params.disk_size_gb = disk_size_gb
    initialize_params.disk_type = disk_type
    boot_disk.initialize_params = initialize_params
    # Remember to set auto_delete to True if you want the disk to be deleted when you delete
    # your VM instance.
    boot_disk.auto_delete = auto_delete
    boot_disk.boot = boot
    return boot_disk


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    disks: list[compute_v1.AttachedDisk],
    machine_type: str = "n1-standard-1",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str = None,
    internal_ip: str = None,
    external_access: bool = False,
    external_ipv4: str = None,
    accelerators: list[compute_v1.AcceleratorConfig] = None,
    preemptible: bool = False,
    spot: bool = False,
    instance_termination_action: str = "STOP",
    custom_hostname: str = None,
    delete_protection: bool = False,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Send an instance creation request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        disks: a list of compute_v1.AttachedDisk objects describing the disks
            you want to attach to your new instance.
        machine_type: machine type of the VM being created. This value uses the
            following format: "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}".
            For example: "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
            "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"
        internal_ip: internal IP address you want to assign to the new instance.
            By default, a free address from the pool of available internal IP addresses of
            used subnet will be used.
        external_access: boolean flag indicating if the instance should have an external IPv4
            address assigned.
        external_ipv4: external IPv4 address to be assigned to this instance. If you specify
            an external IP address, it must live in the same region as the zone of the instance.
            This setting requires `external_access` to be set to True to work.
        accelerators: a list of AcceleratorConfig objects describing the accelerators that will
            be attached to the new instance.
        preemptible: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be preemptible
            or not. Preemptible VMs have been deprecated and you should now use Spot VMs.
        spot: boolean value indicating if the new instance should be a Spot VM or not.
        instance_termination_action: What action should be taken once a Spot VM is terminated.
            Possible values: "STOP", "DELETE"
        custom_hostname: Custom hostname of the new VM instance.
            Custom hostnames must conform to RFC 1035 requirements for valid hostnames.
        delete_protection: boolean value indicating if the new virtual machine should be
            protected against deletion or not.
    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    # Use the network interface provided in the network_link argument.
    network_interface = compute_v1.NetworkInterface()
    network_interface.network = network_link
    if subnetwork_link:
        network_interface.subnetwork = subnetwork_link

    if internal_ip:
        network_interface.network_i_p = internal_ip

    if external_access:
        access = compute_v1.AccessConfig()
        access.type_ = compute_v1.AccessConfig.Type.ONE_TO_ONE_NAT.name
        access.name = "External NAT"
        access.network_tier = access.NetworkTier.PREMIUM.name
        if external_ipv4:
            access.nat_i_p = external_ipv4
        network_interface.access_configs = [access]

    # Collect information into the Instance object.
    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.network_interfaces = [network_interface]
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.disks = disks
    if re.match(r"^zones/[a-z\d\-]+/machineTypes/[a-z\d\-]+$", machine_type):
        instance.machine_type = machine_type
    else:
        instance.machine_type = f"zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{machine_type}"

    instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
    if accelerators:
        instance.guest_accelerators = accelerators
        instance.scheduling.on_host_maintenance = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.OnHostMaintenance.TERMINATE.name
        )

    if preemptible:
        # Set the preemptible setting
        warnings.warn(
            "Preemptible VMs are being replaced by Spot VMs.", DeprecationWarning
        )
        instance.scheduling = compute_v1.Scheduling()
        instance.scheduling.preemptible = True

    if spot:
        # Set the Spot VM setting
        instance.scheduling.provisioning_model = (
            compute_v1.Scheduling.ProvisioningModel.SPOT.name
        )
        instance.scheduling.instance_termination_action = instance_termination_action

    if custom_hostname is not None:
        # Set the custom hostname for the instance
        instance.hostname = custom_hostname

    if delete_protection:
        # Set the delete protection bit
        instance.deletion_protection = True

    # Prepare the request to insert an instance.
    request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    request.zone = zone
    request.project = project_id
    request.instance_resource = instance

    # Wait for the create operation to complete.
    print(f"Creating the {instance_name} instance in {zone}...")

    operation = instance_client.insert(request=request)

    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    print(f"Instance {instance_name} created.")
    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)


def create_windows_instance(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    machine_type: str,
    source_image_family: str = "windows-2022",
    network_link: str = "global/networks/default",
    subnetwork_link: str | None = None,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Creates a new Windows Server instance that has only an internal IP address.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone to create the instance in. For example: "us-west3-b"
        instance_name: name of the new virtual machine (VM) instance.
        machine_type: machine type you want to create in following format:
            "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
            "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
            You can find the list of available machine types using:
            https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
        source_image_family: name of the public image family for Windows Server or SQL Server images.
            https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images#os-compute-support
        network_link: name of the network you want the new instance to use.
            For example: "global/networks/default" represents the network
            named "default", which is created automatically for each project.
        subnetwork_link: name of the subnetwork you want the new instance to use.
            This value uses the following format:
           "regions/{region}/subnetworks/{subnetwork_name}"

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    if subnetwork_link is None:
        subnetwork_link = f"regions/{zone}/subnetworks/default"

    base_image = get_image_from_family(
        project="windows-cloud", family=source_image_family
    )
    disk_type = f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/pd-standard"
    disks = [disk_from_image(disk_type, 100, True, base_image.self_link, True)]

    # You must verify or configure routes and firewall rules in your VPC network
    # to allow access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com.
    # More information about access to kms.windows.googlecloud.com: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/instances/windows/creating-managing-windows-instances#kms-server

    # Additionally, you must enable Private Google Access for subnets in your VPC network
    # that contain Windows instances with only internal IP addresses.
    # More information about Private Google Access: https://cloud.google.com/vpc/docs/configure-private-google-access#enabling

    instance = create_instance(
        project_id,
        zone,
        instance_name,
        disks,
        machine_type=machine_type,
        network_link=network_link,
        subnetwork_link=subnetwork_link,
        external_access=True,  # Set this to False to disable external IP for your instance
    )
    return instance

Debido a que esta instancia no tiene una dirección IP externa, no puede conectarse a ella directamente a través de Internet. Puede conectarse desde otra red conectada a su red VPC mediante Cloud Interconnect o Cloud VPN , o puede conectarse primero a una instancia bastión a través de RDP y luego conectarse a la instancia que solo tiene una dirección IP interna.

Además, puede unir la máquina virtual a un dominio administrado de Microsoft AD mientras crea la máquina virtual o después de crearla. Para obtener más información, consulte Unirse automáticamente a una máquina virtual Windows a un dominio .

Configurar el acceso a kms.windows.googlecloud.com

Para la activación y renovación de Windows, su red VPC debe cumplir con los siguientes requisitos de reglas de enrutamiento y firewall.

Requisitos de enrutamiento

Sus instancias de Windows deben poder llegar a kms.windows.googlecloud.com ( 35.190.247.13 o 2001:4860:4802:32::86 ) a través de una ruta cuyo siguiente salto sea la puerta de enlace de Internet predeterminada . No puedes activar instancias de Windows mediante una puerta de enlace NAT basada en instancias o Cloud NAT porque kms.windows.googlecloud.com rechaza las solicitudes de activación de direcciones IP que no están confirmadas como instancias de Compute Engine.

Puede utilizar la ruta predeterminada en su red VPC para enrutar el tráfico directamente a kms.windows.googlecloud.com . Si elimina esta ruta, o si planea hacerlo en el futuro, cree una ruta estática personalizada con destino 35.190.247.13 o 2001:4860:4802:32::86 y el siguiente salto esté configurado en la puerta de enlace de Internet predeterminada , de la siguiente manera:

Sólo IPv4

gcloud compute routes create mskms-ipv4-route-ipv4-network \
    --destination-range=35.190.247.13/32 \
    --network=ipv4-network \
    --next-hop-gateway=default-internet-gateway

Doble pila

gcloud compute routes create mskms-ipv4-route-ipv4-network \
    --destination-range=35.190.247.13/32 \
    --network=ipv4-network \
    --next-hop-gateway=default-internet-gateway
gcloud compute routes create mskms-ipv6-route-ipv6-network \
    --destination-range=2001:4860:4802:32::86/128 \
    --network=ipv6-network \
    --next-hop-gateway=default-internet-gateway

Sólo IPv6

gcloud compute routes create mskms-ipv6-route-ipv6-network \
    --destination-range=2001:4860:4802:32::86/128 \
    --network=ipv6-network \
    --next-hop-gateway=default-internet-gateway

Reemplace ipv4-network o ipv6-network con el nombre de su red VPC.

La ruta predeterminada o una ruta estática personalizada permiten que las instancias con direcciones IP externas lleguen a kms.windows.googlecloud.com . Si tiene instancias de Windows sin direcciones IP externas o usa Cloud NAT, también debe habilitar el acceso privado a Google para que las instancias con solo direcciones IP internas puedan enviar tráfico a la dirección IP externa de kms.windows.googlecloud.com ( 35.190.247.13 o 2001:4860:4802:32::86 ).

Requisitos de las reglas del firewall

La regla implícita de firewall de permitir salida permite que las instancias realicen solicitudes y reciban respuestas establecidas. A menos que haya creado reglas de firewall personalizadas que nieguen la salida, sus instancias de Windows pueden comunicarse con kms.windows.googlecloud.com .

Si personaliza las reglas del firewall, es una buena práctica crear una regla de permiso de salida de alta prioridad que permita explícitamente la comunicación con 35.190.247.13 o 2001:4860:4802:32::86 . De esta manera, a medida que modifique las reglas de su firewall, no deshabilitará accidentalmente la activación de Windows.

Los siguientes ejemplos gcloud crean la regla de permiso de salida recomendada con la máxima prioridad:

Sólo IPv4

gcloud compute firewall-rules create mskms-ipv4-firewall-rule-ipv4-network \
    --direction=EGRESS \
    --network=ipv4-network \
    --action=ALLOW \
    --rules=tcp:1688 \
    --destination-ranges=35.190.247.13/32 \
    --priority=0

Doble pila

gcloud compute firewall-rules create mskms-ipv4-firewall-rule-ipv4-network \
    --direction=EGRESS \
    --network=ipv4-network \
    --action=ALLOW \
    --rules=tcp:1688 \
    --destination-ranges=35.190.247.13/32 \
    --priority=0
gcloud compute firewall-rules create mskms-ipv6-firewall-rule-ipv6-network \
    --direction=EGRESS \
    --network=ipv6-network \
    --action=ALLOW \
    --rules=tcp:1688 \
    --destination-ranges=2001:4860:4802:32::86/128 \
    --priority=0

Sólo IPv6

gcloud compute firewall-rules create mskms-ipv6-firewall-rule-ipv6-network \
    --direction=EGRESS \
    --network=ipv6-network \
    --action=ALLOW \
    --rules=tcp:1688 \
    --destination-ranges=2001:4860:4802:32::86/128 \
    --priority=0

Reemplace ipv4-network o ipv6-network con el nombre de su red VPC.

Verificar que una instancia se ha iniciado exitosamente

Las instancias de Windows experimentan un tiempo de inicio más prolongado debido al proceso de preparación del sistema. La consola de Google Cloud puede mostrar que la instancia se está ejecutando incluso si el proceso de sysprep aún no está completo. Para verificar si su instancia se inició exitosamente y está lista para usarse, verifique la salida del puerto serie con el siguiente comando:

gcloud compute instances get-serial-port-output INSTANCE_NAME

Reemplace INSTANCE_NAME con el nombre de la instancia que desea verificar.

...[snip]...
Running schtasks with arguments /run /tn GCEStartup
-->  SUCCESS: Attempted to run the scheduled task "GCEStartup".
-------------------------------------------------------------
Instance setup finished. INSTANCE_NAME is ready to use.
-------------------------------------------------------------

Habilitar y deshabilitar funciones de instancia de Windows

Si tiene instancias de Windows con versiones de imagen v20170509 y posteriores o con la versión del agente 4.1.0 y posteriores, puede establecer la configuración de la instancia en un archivo de configuración o en metadatos personalizados del proyecto o de la instancia . El archivo de configuración está en formato INI y se encuentra en la siguiente ruta:

C:\Program Files\Google\Compute Engine\instance_configs.cfg

El sistema anula los ajustes de configuración en el siguiente orden de prioridad, desde la prioridad más alta a la más baja:

  1. Parámetros de configuración que establece en el archivo de configuración
  2. Parámetros de configuración establecidos en metadatos personalizados a nivel de instancia
  3. Parámetros de configuración establecidos en metadatos personalizados a nivel de proyecto

Por ejemplo, si puede habilitar la función accountManager en un archivo de configuración, su instancia ignora los parámetros que configuró en metadatos personalizados para deshabilitar esa función.

Una ventaja de configurar estos parámetros en el archivo de configuración es que esas configuraciones persisten cuando crea una imagen personalizada para una instancia de Windows Server. Los metadatos personalizados a nivel de instancia no persisten más allá de la vida de la instancia.

Puede desactivar diferentes funciones de instancia de Windows utilizando los siguientes ejemplos.

Deshabilitar el administrador de cuentas

Al deshabilitar el administrador de cuentas también se deshabilita el restablecimiento de contraseñas con la CLI de Google Cloud o la consola de Google Cloud:

  • Archivo de configuración:

    [accountManager]
    disable=true
    
  • En metadatos personalizados, establezca disable-account-manager en true en metadatos.

Deshabilitar el administrador de direcciones

  • Entrada del archivo de configuración:

    [addressManager]
    disable=true
    
  • En metadatos personalizados, establezca disable-address-manager en true en metadatos.

Clústeres de conmutación por error de Windows Server

Habilite el agente de clústeres de conmutación por error de Windows Server:

  • Entrada del archivo de configuración:

    [wsfc]
    enable=true
    
  • En metadatos personalizados, establezca enable-wsfc en true en metadatos.

Usar múltiples balanceadores de carga internos

Especifique la dirección IP de la instancia de equilibrio de carga interna para la agrupación en clústeres de conmutación por error. Esta es una configuración avanzada que no es necesario establecer para un clúster de conmutación por error dedicado.

Normalmente se utiliza una instancia de equilibrio de carga interno para dirigir el tráfico de red a una instancia de VM a la vez. Si agrega una segunda instancia de equilibrio de carga interno que utiliza las instancias de VM de agrupación en clústeres de conmutación por error como parte de un backend de sitio web con equilibrio de carga, tendrá dos direcciones IP de equilibrio de carga interna. Si el clúster de conmutación por error utiliza 10.0.0.10 y el equilibrador de carga del sitio web utiliza 10.0.0.11 , debe especificar la dirección IP del equilibrador de carga que utiliza para el clúster de conmutación por error. Esto elimina la ambigüedad de qué dirección está en uso para el clúster.

  • Entrada del archivo de configuración:

    [wsfc]
    addresses=10.0.0.10
    
  • En metadatos personalizados, configure wsfc-addrs en 10.0.0.10 .

Cambiar el puerto del agente de clustering

Configure el puerto del agente de agrupación en clústeres de conmutación por error. El puerto predeterminado es 59998 . Debe especificar un puerto solo cuando desee utilizar un puerto diferente:

  • Entrada del archivo de configuración:

    [wsfc]
    port=12345
    
  • En metadatos personalizados, establezca wsfc-agent-port en el número de puerto.

Notas de la versión de la imagen

Las imágenes más antiguas no utilizan un archivo de configuración y solo tienen un subconjunto de funciones. Las versiones de imagen entre la versión v20160112 y la versión v20170509 , o la versión del agente de Windows entre 3.2.1.0 y 4.0.0 requieren que utilice los siguientes valores de metadatos personalizados:

  • Establezca disable-account-manager en true en los metadatos de la instancia para deshabilitar el administrador de cuentas.
  • Establezca disable-address-manager en true en los metadatos de la instancia para deshabilitar el administrador de direcciones.

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