删除 Compute Engine 实例

本文档介绍了如何删除 Compute Engine 实例。如需详细了解实例的生命周期，请参阅 Compute Engine 实例生命周期。

如果您不再需要实例，请将其删除，以免实例及其附加资源产生费用。

准备工作

如果您尚未设置身份验证，请进行设置。身份验证是通过其进行身份验证以访问 Google Cloud 服务和 API 的过程。如需从本地开发环境运行代码或示例，您可以通过选择以下选项之一向 Compute Engine 进行身份验证：

Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:
Console

When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.
gcloud
1. After installing the Google Cloud CLI, initialize it by running the following command:
  gcloud init
  If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.
  
  Note: If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running gcloud components update.
2. Set a default region and zone.

所需的角色

如需获得删除计算实例所需的权限，请让管理员向您授予项目的 Compute Instance Admin (v1) (roles/compute.instanceAdmin.v1) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

此预定义角色包含删除计算实例所需的权限。如需查看所需的确切权限，请展开所需权限部分：

所需权限

您需要具备以下权限才能删除计算实例：

针对实例的 compute.instances.delete 权限
如需强制删除挂接的磁盘：针对磁盘的 compute.disks.delete 权限

您也可以使用自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取这些权限。

结算影响

删除计算实例后，您将不再为该实例及其挂接资源计费，但在以下情况下除外：

如果您删除在单租户节点上托管的实例，则您仍需为单租户节点支付费用。
如果您删除正在使用预留的实例，则需要继续为预留资源付费，直到发生以下情况之一：
- Compute Engine 会在您选择的日期和时间自动删除预留。
- 您删除了预留。
- 您减少了预留中的预留实例数量。
如果您有承诺使用折扣，则无论您是否使用这些资源，您都需要继续为所承诺的资源付费。
如果您保留了挂接到实例的任何资源（例如磁盘），则需要继续为这些资源付费，直到将其删除。

如需了解详情，请参阅虚拟机实例价格。

保留挂接的资源

在某些情况下，在删除计算实例之前，您可能需要保留其中一个挂接的资源。您可以通过执行以下操作来保留挂接的资源：

如需保留挂接到 N1 虚拟机 (VM) 实例的 GPU，请从虚拟机中移除 GPU。
如需保留挂接的磁盘，请执行以下操作之一：
- 如需保留启动磁盘，请将启动磁盘与实例分离。
- 如需保留启动磁盘或非启动磁盘，请将磁盘的自动删除设置设为 false。
如需保留本地 SSD 磁盘的数据，请将该磁盘的数据复制到持久性存储方案。
如需重复使用实例的静态外部 IP 地址，请取消分配 IP 地址。

删除实例

当您删除计算实例时，Compute Engine 会先停止实例，然后再删除该实例。

如果您同时删除一个或多个实例，则必须决定如何处理挂接的磁盘：

删除实例和所有挂接的资源

此选项会删除实例，并删除或强制删除启动磁盘、非启动磁盘或所有挂接的磁盘。
删除实例并保留磁盘

此选项会删除实例，但会保留启动磁盘、非启动磁盘或所有挂接的磁盘，以便日后使用。

删除实例和所有挂接的资源

根据您在删除计算实例时要执行的操作，使用以下选项：

如果您将挂接的磁盘配置为在删除实例时保留，则可以使用 Google Cloud CLI 覆盖此设置并强制删除该磁盘。

注意：强制删除挂接到实例的磁盘也会删除其所有即时快照。您无法恢复这些快照。如需保留即时快照中的数据，请在删除实例之前从中创建标准快照。
如果您已在实例中启用平滑关闭，则可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI 或 REST API 删除实例，而无需平滑关闭实例或结束正在进行的平滑关闭。
如需同时删除多个实例，请使用 Google Cloud 控制台或 gcloud CLI（对于位于同一可用区中的实例）。

如需删除一个或多个实例及其所有挂接的资源，请选择以下选项之一：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，前往虚拟机实例页面。

进入“虚拟机实例”
选择要删除的实例。
点击删除。
在对话框中，执行以下操作：
1. 可选：如需在未执行平滑关停的情况下删除实例，或结束正在进行的平滑关停，请选中跳过安全关停（如果适用）复选框。
2. 请点击删除来确认操作。

gcloud

如需删除同一可用区中的一个或多个实例，请使用 gcloud compute instances delete 命令：

gcloud compute instances delete INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --zone=ZONE

替换以下内容：

INSTANCE_NAMES：以空格分隔的实例名称列表，例如 instance-01 instance-02 instance-03。
ZONE：实例所在的可用区。

您可以酌情执行以下一项或多项操作：

如需强制删除挂接到一个或多个实例的磁盘，请添加 --delete-disks 标志：
```
gcloud compute instances delete INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --delete-disks=DELETE_DISK_TYPE \
    --zone=ZONE
```
将 DELETE_DISK_TYPE 替换为以下某个值：
- 如需删除挂接的启动永久性存储和非启动永久性存储，请执行以下操作：all
- 如需仅删除挂接的启动永久性存储，请使用以下命令：boot
- 如需仅删除非启动永久性存储，请使用以下命令：data
如果您在一个或多个实例中启用了安全关停，则可以删除这些实例，而无需安全关停，或者手动结束正在进行的安全关停。为此，请在 gcloud beta compute instances delete 命令中使用 --no-graceful-shutdown 标志。

预览版 — The --no-graceful-shutdown flag

此功能受服务专用条款的“通用服务条款”部分中的“非正式版产品条款”的约束。非正式版功能“按原样”提供，可能只能获得有限的支持。如需了解详情，请参阅发布阶段说明。
```
gcloud beta compute instances delete INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --no-graceful-shutdown \
    --zone=ZONE
```

C#


using Google.Cloud.Compute.V1;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class DeleteInstanceAsyncSample
{
    public async Task DeleteInstanceAsync(
        // TODO(developer): Set your own default values for these parameters or pass different values when calling this method.
        string projectId = "your-project-id",
        string zone = "us-central1-a",
        string machineName = "test-machine")
    {

        // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
        // once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
        InstancesClient client = await InstancesClient.CreateAsync();

        // Make the request to delete a VM instance.
        var instanceDeletion = await client.DeleteAsync(projectId, zone, machineName);

        // Wait for the operation to complete using client-side polling.
        await instanceDeletion.PollUntilCompletedAsync();
    }
}

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
)

// deleteInstance sends a delete request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
func deleteInstance(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.DeleteInstanceRequest{
		Project:  projectID,
		Zone:     zone,
		Instance: instanceName,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Delete(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to delete instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance deleted\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.api.gax.longrunning.OperationFuture;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.DeleteInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class DeleteInstance {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String project = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    deleteInstance(project, zone, instanceName);
  }

  // Delete the instance specified by `instanceName`
  // if it's present in the given project and zone.
  public static void deleteInstance(String project, String zone, String instanceName)
      throws IOException, InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `instancesClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create()) {

      System.out.printf("Deleting instance: %s ", instanceName);

      // Describe which instance is to be deleted.
      DeleteInstanceRequest deleteInstanceRequest = DeleteInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(project)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstance(instanceName).build();

      OperationFuture<Operation, Operation> operation = instancesClient.deleteAsync(
          deleteInstanceRequest);
      // Wait for the operation to complete.
      Operation response = operation.get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance deletion failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out.println("Operation Status: " + response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Delete the instance specified by `instanceName` if it's present in the given project and zone.
async function deleteInstance() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  console.log(`Deleting ${instanceName} from ${zone}...`);

  const [response] = await instancesClient.delete({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instance: instanceName,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the delete operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance deleted.');
}

deleteInstance();

PHP

use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\Client\InstancesClient;
use Google\Cloud\Compute\V1\DeleteInstanceRequest;

/**
 * Delete an instance.
 *
 * @param string $projectId Your Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $zone Zone where the instance you want to delete is (like "us-central1-a").
 * @param string $instanceName Unique name for the Compute instance to delete.
 *
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ApiException if the remote call fails.
 * @throws \Google\ApiCore\ValidationException if local error occurs before remote call.
 */
function delete_instance(
    string $projectId,
    string $zone,
    string $instanceName
) {
    // Delete the Compute Engine instance using InstancesClient.
    $instancesClient = new InstancesClient();
    $request = (new DeleteInstanceRequest())
        ->setInstance($instanceName)
        ->setProject($projectId)
        ->setZone($zone);
    $operation = $instancesClient->delete($request);

    // Wait for the operation to complete.
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();
    if ($operation->operationSucceeded()) {
        printf('Deleted instance %s' . PHP_EOL, $instanceName);
    } else {
        $error = $operation->getError();
        printf('Failed to delete instance: %s' . PHP_EOL, $error?->getMessage());
    }
}

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def delete_instance(project_id: str, zone: str, machine_name: str) -> None:
    """
    Send an instance deletion request to the Compute Engine API and wait for it to complete.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        zone: name of the zone you want to use. For example: “us-west3-b”
        machine_name: name of the machine you want to delete.
    """
    instance_client = compcompute_v1tancesClient()

    print(f"Deleting {machine_name} from {zone}...")
    operation = instinstance_client.delete      project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=machine_name
    )
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance deletion")
    print(f"Instance {machine_name} deleted.")

Ruby


require "google/cloud/compute/v1"

# Sends an instance deletion request to the Compute Engine API and waits for it to complete.
#
# @param [String] project project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
# @param [String] zone name of the zone you want to use. For example: "us-west3-b"
# @param [String] instance_name name of the instance you want to delete.
def delete_instance project:, zone:, instance_name:
  # Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
  # once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
  client = ::Google::Cloud::Compute::V1::Instances::Rest::Client.new

  puts "Deleting #{instance_name} from #{zone}..."
  begin
    # Make the request to delete a VM instance.
    operation = client.delete project: project, zone: zone, instance: instance_name
    # Wait for the delete operation to complete.
    operation = wait_until_done operation: operation

    if operation.error?
      warn "Error during deletion:", operation.error
    else
      compute_operation = operation.operation
      warn "Warning during creation:", compute_operation.warnings unless compute_operation.warnings.empty?
      puts "Instance #{instance_name} deleted."
    end
  rescue ::Google::Cloud::Error => e
    warn "Exception during deletion:", e
  end
end

REST

如需删除实例，请向 instances delete 方法发出 DELETE 请求：

DELETE https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/INSTANCE_NAME

替换以下内容：

PROJECT_ID：实例所在项目的 ID。
ZONE：实例的可用区。
INSTANCE_NAME：实例名称。

（可选）如果您已在实例中启用平滑关停，则可以直接删除实例，而无需执行平滑关停，或者手动结束正在进行的平滑关停。为此，请向 Beta 版 instances.delete 方法发出 DELETE 请求。在请求网址中添加 noGracefulShutdown 查询参数并设置为 true：

DELETE https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/beta/projects/PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/instances/VM_NAME?noGracefulShutdown=true

删除实例并保留磁盘

默认情况下，删除计算实例会删除该实例及其挂接的资源。但是，使用 gcloud CLI 删除实例时，您可以指定保留挂接的磁盘，而不考虑其自动删除设置。

如需删除位于同一可用区的一个或多个实例，同时保留其挂接的磁盘，请使用带有 --keep-disks 标志的 gcloud compute instances delete 命令：

gcloud compute instances delete INSTANCE_NAMES \
    --keep-disks=KEEP_DISK_TYPE \
    --zone=ZONE

替换以下内容：

INSTANCE_NAMES：以空格分隔的实例名称列表，例如 instance-01 instance-02 instance-03。
KEEP_DISK_TYPE：请指定以下某个值：
- 如需保留挂接的启动和非启动永久性存储，请使用以下命令：all
- 如需仅保留挂接的启动永久性存储，请使用以下命令：boot
- 如需仅保留挂接的非启动永久性存储，请使用以下命令：data
ZONE：实例所在的可用区。

（可选）如果您已在一个或多个实例中启用平滑关停，则可以删除这些实例，而无需平滑关停它们，或者手动结束正在进行的安全关停。为此，请在 gcloud beta compute instances delete 命令中使用 --no-graceful-shutdown 标志。

gcloud beta compute instances delete VM_NAMES \
    --keep-disks=KEEP_DISK_TYPE \
    --no-graceful-shutdown \
    --zone=ZONE

删除 Compute Engine 实例 使用集合让一切井井有条 根据您的偏好保存内容并对其进行分类。

准备工作

Console

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

REST

所需的角色

所需权限

结算影响

保留挂接的资源

删除实例

删除实例和所有挂接的资源

控制台

gcloud

C#

Go

Java

Node.js

PHP

Python

Ruby

REST

删除实例并保留磁盘

后续步骤

删除 Compute Engine 实例