Crear una VM a partir de una plantilla de instancia


En esta página se explica cómo usar una plantilla de instancia para crear una instancia de VM. Una plantilla de instancia es un recurso de API que define las propiedades de las instancias de VM. En una plantilla de instancia, se definen propiedades como el tipo de máquina, la imagen del SO, las configuraciones de disco persistente, los metadatos, las secuencias de comandos de inicio, etc. Después, se puede usar la plantilla de instancia para crear instancias de VM individuales o grupos de instancias gestionadas.

Cuando creas una instancia de VM a partir de una plantilla de instancia, el comportamiento predeterminado es crear una instancia de VM idéntica a las propiedades especificadas en la plantilla, excepto el nombre de la instancia de VM y la zona en la que se creará. También puedes anular ciertos campos durante la creación de la instancia si quieres cambiar algunas propiedades de la plantilla de instancia para usos específicos.

En este documento se presupone que ya tienes una plantilla de instancia lista para usar. Si no tienes ninguna plantilla de instancia, sigue las instrucciones para crear una.

Antes de empezar

  • Consulta la documentación sobre plantillas de instancias.
  • Crea una plantilla de instancia.
  • Si aún no lo has hecho, configura la autenticación. La autenticación verifica tu identidad para acceder a Google Cloud servicios y APIs. Para ejecutar código o ejemplos desde un entorno de desarrollo local, puedes autenticarte en Compute Engine seleccionando una de las siguientes opciones:

    Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

    Console

    When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

    gcloud

    1. Instala Google Cloud CLI. Después de la instalación, inicializa la CLI de Google Cloud ejecutando el siguiente comando:

      gcloud init

      Si utilizas un proveedor de identidades (IdP) externo, primero debes iniciar sesión en la CLI de gcloud con tu identidad federada.

    2. Set a default region and zone.

    Go

    Para usar las Go muestras de esta página en un entorno de desarrollo local, instala e inicializa la CLI de gcloud y, a continuación, configura las credenciales predeterminadas de la aplicación con tus credenciales de usuario.

      Instala Google Cloud CLI.

      Si utilizas un proveedor de identidades (IdP) externo, primero debes iniciar sesión en la CLI de gcloud con tu identidad federada.

      If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

      gcloud auth application-default login

      You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

      If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

    Para obtener más información, consulta Set up authentication for a local development environment.

    Java

    Para usar las Java muestras de esta página en un entorno de desarrollo local, instala e inicializa la CLI de gcloud y, a continuación, configura las credenciales predeterminadas de la aplicación con tus credenciales de usuario.

      Instala Google Cloud CLI.

      Si utilizas un proveedor de identidades (IdP) externo, primero debes iniciar sesión en la CLI de gcloud con tu identidad federada.

      If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

      gcloud auth application-default login

      You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

      If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

    Para obtener más información, consulta Set up authentication for a local development environment.

    Node.js

    Para usar las Node.js muestras de esta página en un entorno de desarrollo local, instala e inicializa la CLI de gcloud y, a continuación, configura las credenciales predeterminadas de la aplicación con tus credenciales de usuario.

      Instala Google Cloud CLI.

      Si utilizas un proveedor de identidades (IdP) externo, primero debes iniciar sesión en la CLI de gcloud con tu identidad federada.

      If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

      gcloud auth application-default login

      You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

      If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

    Para obtener más información, consulta Set up authentication for a local development environment.

    Python

    Para usar las Python muestras de esta página en un entorno de desarrollo local, instala e inicializa la CLI de gcloud y, a continuación, configura las credenciales predeterminadas de la aplicación con tus credenciales de usuario.

      Instala Google Cloud CLI.

      Si utilizas un proveedor de identidades (IdP) externo, primero debes iniciar sesión en la CLI de gcloud con tu identidad federada.

      If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

      gcloud auth application-default login

      You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

      If an authentication error is returned, and you are using an external identity provider (IdP), confirm that you have signed in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity.

    Para obtener más información, consulta Set up authentication for a local development environment.

    REST

    Para usar las muestras de la API REST de esta página en un entorno de desarrollo local, debes usar las credenciales que proporciones a la CLI de gcloud.

      Instala Google Cloud CLI.

      Si utilizas un proveedor de identidades (IdP) externo, primero debes iniciar sesión en la CLI de gcloud con tu identidad federada.

    Para obtener más información, consulta el artículo Autenticarse para usar REST de la documentación sobre autenticación de Google Cloud .

Crear una instancia de VM a partir de una plantilla de instancia

Puedes usar una plantilla de instancia regional o global para crear una instancia de VM. Para crear una instancia exactamente como se describe en la plantilla de instancia, sigue estas instrucciones.

Consola

  1. En la Google Cloud consola, ve a la página Crear una instancia.

    Ir a Crear una instancia

  2. En el menú Crear VM a partir de ..., selecciona Plantillas de instancia.

  3. En la ventana Crear VM a partir de plantilla que aparece, haga lo siguiente:

    1. Selecciona una plantilla.

    2. Para crear e iniciar la VM, haz clic en Crear.

gcloud

Para crear una VM a partir de una plantilla de instancia regional o global, usa el mismo comando gcloud compute instances create que usarías para crear una instancia normal, pero añade la marca --source-instance-template:

gcloud compute instances create VM_NAME \
    --source-instance-template INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL

Haz los cambios siguientes:

  • VM_NAME: el nombre de la instancia.
  • INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL: la URL de la plantilla de instancia que quieres usar para crear VMs en el MIG. La URL puede contener el ID o el nombre de la plantilla de instancia. Especifica uno de los siguientes valores:
    • En el caso de una plantilla de instancia regional, haz lo siguiente: projects/PROJECT_ID/regions/REGION/instanceTemplates/INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_ID
    • En el caso de una plantilla de instancia global, haz lo siguiente: INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_ID

Por ejemplo:

gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --source-instance-template 1234567890

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceFromTemplate creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template.
func createInstanceFromTemplate(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateUrl string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// instanceTemplateUrl := "global/instanceTemplates/your_instance_template"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	req := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name: proto.String(instanceName),
		},
		SourceInstanceTemplate: &instanceTemplateUrl,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceProperties;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplatesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstanceFromTemplate {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    /*  TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
        projectId - ID or number of the project you want to use.
        zone - Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
        instanceName - Name of the new instance.
        instanceTemplateURL - URL of the instance template using for creating the new instance.
        It can be a full or partial URL.
        Examples:
        - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
        - projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
        - global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
     */
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    String instanceTemplateUrl = "instance-template-url";
    createInstanceFromTemplate(projectId, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateUrl);
  }

  // Create a new instance from template in the specified project and zone.
  public static void createInstanceFromTemplate(String projectId, String zone, String instanceName,
      String instanceTemplateName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {

    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create();
        InstanceTemplatesClient instanceTemplatesClient = InstanceTemplatesClient.create()) {

      InstanceTemplate instanceTemplate = instanceTemplatesClient.get(projectId,
          instanceTemplateName);

      // Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting 
      // required by instances.insert.diskType
      // For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
      List<AttachedDisk> reformattedAttachedDisks = new ArrayList<>();
      for (AttachedDisk disk : instanceTemplate.getProperties().getDisksList()) {
        disk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder(disk)
            .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams
                .newBuilder(disk.getInitializeParams())
                .setDiskType(
                    String.format(
                        "zones/%s/diskTypes/%s", zone, disk.getInitializeParams().getDiskType()))
                .build())
            .build();

        reformattedAttachedDisks.add(disk);
      }

      // Clear existing disks and set the reformatted disks in the instance template.
      instanceTemplate = InstanceTemplate
          .newBuilder(instanceTemplate)
          .setProperties(InstanceProperties
              .newBuilder(instanceTemplate.getProperties())
              .clearDisks()
              .addAllDisks(reformattedAttachedDisks)
              .build())
          .build();

      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(projectId)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(Instance.newBuilder().setName(instanceName).build())
          .setSourceInstanceTemplate(instanceTemplate.getSelfLink()).build();

      Operation response = instancesClient.insertAsync(insertInstanceRequest)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation from template failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out
          .printf("Instance creation from template: Operation Status %s: %s ", instanceName,
              response.getStatus());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b'
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME'
// const instanceTemplateUrl = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL'

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Create a new instance from template in the specified project and zone.
async function createInstanceFromTemplate() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();

  console.log(
    `Creating the ${instanceName} instance in ${zone} from template ${instanceTemplateUrl}...`
  );

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
    },
    sourceInstanceTemplate: instanceTemplateUrl,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceFromTemplate();

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance_from_template(
    project_id: str, zone: str, instance_name: str, instance_template_url: str
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template.

    Args:
        project_id: ID or number of the project you want to use.
        zone: Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
        instance_name: Name of the new instance.
        instance_template_url: URL of the instance template used for creating the new instance.
            It can be a full or partial URL.
            Examples:
            - https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
            - projects/project/global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template
            - global/instanceTemplates/example-instance-template

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()

    instance_insert_request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    instance_insert_request.project = project_id
    instance_insert_request.zone = zone
    instance_insert_request.source_instance_template = instance_template_url
    instance_insert_request.instance_resource.name = instance_name

    operation = instance_client.insert(instance_insert_request)
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)

REST

Para crear una VM a partir de una plantilla de instancia regional o global, crea una solicitud normal para crear una instancia, pero incluye el parámetro de consulta sourceInstanceTemplate seguido de una ruta cualificada a una plantilla de instancia.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/
PROJECT_ID/zones/ZONE/
instances?sourceInstanceTemplate=INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_URL

En el cuerpo de la solicitud, proporciona un name para la instancia de VM:

{ "name": "example-instance" }

Por ejemplo, el siguiente fragmento incluye una ruta completa a la plantilla: https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/instanceTemplates/1234567890.

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/
compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a/instances?sourceInstanceTemplate=
https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/
instanceTemplates/1234567890
{ "name": "example-instance" }

Crear una instancia de VM a partir de una plantilla de instancia con anulaciones

Cuando usas una plantilla de instancia para iniciar una instancia de VM, el comportamiento predeterminado es crear una instancia de VM exactamente como se describe en la plantilla de instancia, excepto el nombre y la zona de la instancia.

Si quieres crear una instancia basada principalmente en una plantilla de instancia, pero con algunos cambios, puedes usar el comportamiento de anulación. Para usar el comportamiento de anulación, debes transferir los atributos que quieras anular de la plantilla de instancia al crear la instancia.

Consola

  1. En la Google Cloud consola, ve a la página Crear una instancia.

    Ir a Crear una instancia

  2. En el menú Crear VM a partir de ..., selecciona Plantillas de instancia.

  3. En la ventana Crear VM a partir de plantilla que aparece, selecciona una plantilla y, a continuación, haz clic en Personalizar.

  4. Opcional: Especifica otras opciones de configuración. Para obtener más información, consulta Opciones de configuración durante la creación de instancias.

  5. Para crear e iniciar la instancia, haz clic en Crear.

gcloud

Con gcloud CLI, haz una solicitud para crear una instancia con la marca --source-instance-template y anula cualquier propiedad que quieras con la marca gcloud adecuada. Para ver una lista de las marcas aplicables, consulta la gcloudreferencia.

Por ejemplo, proporciona las siguientes marcas para anular el tipo de máquina, los metadatos, el sistema operativo, el disco de arranque del disco persistente y un disco secundario de una plantilla de instancia:

gcloud compute instances create example-instance \
    --source-instance-template 1234567890 --machine-type e2-standard-2 \
    --image-family debian-9 --image-project debian-cloud \
    --metadata bread=butter --disk=boot=no,name=my-override-disk

Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	compute "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1"
	computepb "cloud.google.com/go/compute/apiv1/computepb"

	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"
)

// createInstanceFromTemplate creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template, but overrides the disk and machine type options in the template.
func createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides(w io.Writer, projectID, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateName, machineType, newDiskSourceImage string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// zone := "europe-central2-b"
	// instanceName := "your_instance_name"
	// instanceTemplateName := "your_instance_template_name"
	// machineType := "n1-standard-2"
	// newDiskSourceImage := "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12"

	ctx := context.Background()
	instancesClient, err := compute.NewInstancesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstancesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer instancesClient.Close()

	intanceTemplatesClient, err := compute.NewInstanceTemplatesRESTClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewInstanceTemplatesRESTClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer intanceTemplatesClient.Close()

	// Retrieve an instance template by name.
	reqGetTemplate := &computepb.GetInstanceTemplateRequest{
		Project:          projectID,
		InstanceTemplate: instanceTemplateName,
	}

	instanceTemplate, err := intanceTemplatesClient.Get(ctx, reqGetTemplate)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to get intance template: %w", err)
	}

	for _, disk := range instanceTemplate.Properties.Disks {
		diskType := disk.InitializeParams.GetDiskType()
		if diskType != "" {
			disk.InitializeParams.DiskType = proto.String(fmt.Sprintf(`zones/%s/diskTypes/%s`, zone, diskType))
		}
	}

	reqInsertInstance := &computepb.InsertInstanceRequest{
		Project: projectID,
		Zone:    zone,
		InstanceResource: &computepb.Instance{
			Name:        proto.String(instanceName),
			MachineType: proto.String(fmt.Sprintf(`zones/%s/machineTypes/%s`, zone, machineType)),
			Disks: append(
				// If you override a repeated field, all repeated values
				// for that property are replaced with the
				// corresponding values provided in the request.
				// When adding a new disk to existing disks,
				// insert all existing disks as well.
				instanceTemplate.Properties.Disks,
				&computepb.AttachedDisk{
					InitializeParams: &computepb.AttachedDiskInitializeParams{
						DiskSizeGb:  proto.Int64(10),
						SourceImage: &newDiskSourceImage,
					},
					AutoDelete: proto.Bool(true),
					Boot:       proto.Bool(false),
					Type:       proto.String(computepb.AttachedDisk_PERSISTENT.String()),
				},
			),
		},
		SourceInstanceTemplate: instanceTemplate.SelfLink,
	}

	op, err := instancesClient.Insert(ctx, reqInsertInstance)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create instance: %w", err)
	}

	if err = op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to wait for the operation: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Instance created\n")

	return nil
}

Java


import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDisk;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.AttachedDiskInitializeParams;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InsertInstanceRequest;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Instance;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstanceTemplatesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.InstancesClient;
import com.google.cloud.compute.v1.Operation;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    /* TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
     * projectId - ID or number of the project you want to use.
     * zone - Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
     * instanceName - Name of the new instance.
     * instanceTemplateName - Name of the instance template to use when creating the new instance.
     * machineType - Machine type you want to set in following format:
     *    "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
     *    "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
     *    You can find the list of available machine types using:
     *    https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
     * newDiskSourceImage - Path the the disk image you want to use for your new
     *    disk. This can be one of the public images
     *    (like "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11")
     *    or a private image you have access to.
     *    You can check the list of available public images using the doc:
     *    http://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images
     */
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String zone = "zone-name";
    String instanceName = "instance-name";
    String instanceTemplateName = "instance-template-name";

    createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides(projectId, zone, instanceName, instanceTemplateName);
  }

  // Creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template,
  // but overrides the disk and machine type options in the template.
  public static void createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides(String projectId, String zone,
      String instanceName, String instanceTemplateName)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {

    try (InstancesClient instancesClient = InstancesClient.create();
        InstanceTemplatesClient instanceTemplatesClient = InstanceTemplatesClient.create()) {

      String machineType = "n1-standard-1";
      String newDiskSourceImage = "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11";

      // Retrieve an instance template.
      InstanceTemplate instanceTemplate = instanceTemplatesClient
          .get(projectId, instanceTemplateName);

      // Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting 
      // required by instances.insert.diskType
      // For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
      List<AttachedDisk> reformattedAttachedDisks = new ArrayList<>();
      for (AttachedDisk disk : instanceTemplate.getProperties().getDisksList()) {
        disk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder(disk)
            .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams
                .newBuilder(disk.getInitializeParams())
                .setDiskType(
                    String.format(
                        "zones/%s/diskTypes/%s", zone, disk.getInitializeParams().getDiskType()))
                .build())
            .build();

        reformattedAttachedDisks.add(disk);
      }

      AttachedDisk newdisk = AttachedDisk.newBuilder()
          .setInitializeParams(AttachedDiskInitializeParams.newBuilder()
              .setDiskSizeGb(10)
              .setSourceImage(newDiskSourceImage).build())
          .setAutoDelete(true)
          .setBoot(false)
          .setType(AttachedDisk.Type.PERSISTENT.toString()).build();

      Instance instance = Instance.newBuilder()
          .setName(instanceName)
          .setMachineType(String.format("zones/%s/machineTypes/%s", zone, machineType))
          // If you override a repeated field, all repeated values
          // for that property are replaced with the
          // corresponding values provided in the request.
          // When adding a new disk to existing disks,
          // insert all existing disks as well.
          .addAllDisks(reformattedAttachedDisks)
          .addDisks(newdisk)
          .build();

      InsertInstanceRequest insertInstanceRequest = InsertInstanceRequest.newBuilder()
          .setProject(projectId)
          .setZone(zone)
          .setInstanceResource(instance)
          .setSourceInstanceTemplate(instanceTemplate.getSelfLink()).build();

      Operation response = instancesClient.insertAsync(insertInstanceRequest)
          .get(3, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      if (response.hasError()) {
        System.out.println("Instance creation from template with overrides failed ! ! " + response);
        return;
      }
      System.out
          .printf("Instance creation from template with overrides: Operation Status %s: %s ",
              instanceName, response.getStatus());
    }

  }
}

Node.js

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
// const zone = 'europe-central2-b';
// const instanceName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_NAME';
// const instanceTemplateName = 'YOUR_INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME';
// const machineType = 'n1-standard-1';
// const newDiskSourceImage = 'projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-11';

const compute = require('@google-cloud/compute');

// Creates a new instance in the specified project and zone using a selected template,
// but overrides the disk and machine type options in the template.
async function createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides() {
  const instancesClient = new compute.InstancesClient();
  const instanceTemplatesClient = new compute.InstanceTemplatesClient();

  console.log(
    `Creating the ${instanceName} instance in ${zone} from template ${instanceTemplateName}...`
  );

  // Retrieve an instance template by name.
  const [instanceTemplate] = await instanceTemplatesClient.get({
    project: projectId,
    instanceTemplate: instanceTemplateName,
  });

  // Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting required by instances.insert.diskType
  // For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
  for (const disk of instanceTemplate.properties.disks) {
    if (disk.initializeParams.diskType) {
      disk.initializeParams.diskType = `zones/${zone}/diskTypes/${disk.initializeParams.diskType}`;
    }
  }

  const [response] = await instancesClient.insert({
    project: projectId,
    zone,
    instanceResource: {
      name: instanceName,
      machineType: `zones/${zone}/machineTypes/${machineType}`,
      disks: [
        // If you override a repeated field, all repeated values
        // for that property are replaced with the
        // corresponding values provided in the request.
        // When adding a new disk to existing disks,
        // insert all existing disks as well.
        ...instanceTemplate.properties.disks,
        {
          initializeParams: {
            diskSizeGb: '10',
            sourceImage: newDiskSourceImage,
          },
          autoDelete: true,
          boot: false,
          type: 'PERSISTENT',
        },
      ],
    },
    sourceInstanceTemplate: instanceTemplate.selfLink,
  });
  let operation = response.latestResponse;
  const operationsClient = new compute.ZoneOperationsClient();

  // Wait for the create operation to complete.
  while (operation.status !== 'DONE') {
    [operation] = await operationsClient.wait({
      operation: operation.name,
      project: projectId,
      zone: operation.zone.split('/').pop(),
    });
  }

  console.log('Instance created.');
}

createInstanceFromTemplateWithOverrides();

Python

from __future__ import annotations

import sys
from typing import Any

from google.api_core.extended_operation import ExtendedOperation
from google.cloud import compute_v1


def wait_for_extended_operation(
    operation: ExtendedOperation, verbose_name: str = "operation", timeout: int = 300
) -> Any:
    """
    Waits for the extended (long-running) operation to complete.

    If the operation is successful, it will return its result.
    If the operation ends with an error, an exception will be raised.
    If there were any warnings during the execution of the operation
    they will be printed to sys.stderr.

    Args:
        operation: a long-running operation you want to wait on.
        verbose_name: (optional) a more verbose name of the operation,
            used only during error and warning reporting.
        timeout: how long (in seconds) to wait for operation to finish.
            If None, wait indefinitely.

    Returns:
        Whatever the operation.result() returns.

    Raises:
        This method will raise the exception received from `operation.exception()`
        or RuntimeError if there is no exception set, but there is an `error_code`
        set for the `operation`.

        In case of an operation taking longer than `timeout` seconds to complete,
        a `concurrent.futures.TimeoutError` will be raised.
    """
    result = operation.result(timeout=timeout)

    if operation.error_code:
        print(
            f"Error during {verbose_name}: [Code: {operation.error_code}]: {operation.error_message}",
            file=sys.stderr,
            flush=True,
        )
        print(f"Operation ID: {operation.name}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        raise operation.exception() or RuntimeError(operation.error_message)

    if operation.warnings:
        print(f"Warnings during {verbose_name}:\n", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)
        for warning in operation.warnings:
            print(f" - {warning.code}: {warning.message}", file=sys.stderr, flush=True)

    return result


def create_instance_from_template_with_overrides(
    project_id: str,
    zone: str,
    instance_name: str,
    instance_template_name: str,
    machine_type: str,
    new_disk_source_image: str,
) -> compute_v1.Instance:
    """
    Creates a Compute Engine VM instance from an instance template, changing the machine type and
    adding a new disk created from a source image.

    Args:
        project_id: ID or number of the project you want to use.
        zone: Name of the zone you want to check, for example: us-west3-b
        instance_name: Name of the new instance.
        instance_template_name: Name of the instance template used for creating the new instance.
        machine_type: Machine type you want to set in following format:
            "zones/{zone}/machineTypes/{type_name}". For example:
            - "zones/europe-west3-c/machineTypes/f1-micro"
            - You can find the list of available machine types using:
              https://cloud.google.com/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/machine-types/list
        new_disk_source_image: Path the the disk image you want to use for your new
            disk. This can be one of the public images
            (like "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-12")
            or a private image you have access to.
            For a list of available public images, see the documentation:
            http://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/images

    Returns:
        Instance object.
    """
    instance_client = compute_v1.InstancesClient()
    instance_template_client = compute_v1.InstanceTemplatesClient()

    # Retrieve an instance template by name.
    instance_template = instance_template_client.get(
        project=project_id, instance_template=instance_template_name
    )

    # Adjust diskType field of the instance template to use the URL formatting required by instances.insert.diskType
    # For instance template, there is only a name, not URL.
    for disk in instance_template.properties.disks:
        if disk.initialize_params.disk_type:
            disk.initialize_params.disk_type = (
                f"zones/{zone}/diskTypes/{disk.initialize_params.disk_type}"
            )

    instance = compute_v1.Instance()
    instance.name = instance_name
    instance.machine_type = machine_type
    instance.disks = list(instance_template.properties.disks)

    new_disk = compute_v1.AttachedDisk()
    new_disk.initialize_params.disk_size_gb = 50
    new_disk.initialize_params.source_image = new_disk_source_image
    new_disk.auto_delete = True
    new_disk.boot = False
    new_disk.type_ = "PERSISTENT"

    instance.disks.append(new_disk)

    instance_insert_request = compute_v1.InsertInstanceRequest()
    instance_insert_request.project = project_id
    instance_insert_request.zone = zone
    instance_insert_request.instance_resource = instance
    instance_insert_request.source_instance_template = instance_template.self_link

    operation = instance_client.insert(instance_insert_request)
    wait_for_extended_operation(operation, "instance creation")

    return instance_client.get(project=project_id, zone=zone, instance=instance_name)

REST

En la API, usa el parámetro de consulta sourceInstanceTemplate y proporciona los campos que quieras anular en el cuerpo de la solicitud al crear una solicitud normal para crear una instancia.

El comportamiento de anulación en la API sigue las reglas de combinación de parches JSON, que se describen en el RFC 7396.

En concreto, este cambio afecta a las siguientes acciones:

  • Si anulas un campo básico, el campo básico correspondiente de la plantilla de instancia se sustituirá por el valor del campo básico de la solicitud. Los campos básicos incluyen machineType, sourceImage y name, entre otros.
  • Si anula un campo repetido, todos los valores repetidos de esa propiedad se sustituirán por los valores correspondientes proporcionados en la solicitud. Los campos repetidos suelen ser propiedades de tipo list. Por ejemplo, disks y networkInterfaces son campos repetidos.
  • Si anulas un nested object, el objeto de la plantilla de instancia se combinará con la especificación del objeto correspondiente en la solicitud. Ten en cuenta que, si un objeto anidado se encuentra en un campo repetido, el campo se trata según las reglas de los campos repetidos. Las etiquetas son una excepción a esta regla y se tratan como un campo repetido aunque sean de tipo object.

Por ejemplo, supongamos que tienes una plantilla de instancia con dos discos que no son de arranque, pero quieres anular uno de los discos. Debes proporcionar la especificación diskscompleta en tu solicitud, incluidos los discos que quieras conservar.

URL de esta solicitud:

POST https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/zones/us-central1-a/instances?
sourceInstanceTemplate=https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/myproject/global/instanceTemplates/1234567890

Cuerpo de la solicitud:

    {
      "disks": [
        {
          # Since you are overriding the repeated disk property, you must
          # specify a boot disk in the request, even if it is already
          # specified in the instance template
          "autoDelete": true,
          "boot": true,
          "initializeParams": {
            "sourceImage": "projects/debian-cloud/global/images/family/debian-8"
          },
          "mode": "READ_WRITE",
          "type": "PERSISTENT"
        },
        {
          # New disk you want to use
          "autoDelete": false,
          "boot": false,
          "mode": "READ_WRITE",
          "source": "zones/us-central1-f/disks/my-override-disk",
          "type": "PERSISTENT"
        },
        {
           # Assume this disk is already specified in instance template, but
           # you must specify it again since you are overriding the disks
           # property
          "autoDelete": false,
          "boot": false,
          "mode": "READ_WRITE",

          "source": "zones/us-central1-f/disks/my-other-disk-to-keep",
          "type": "PERSISTENT"
        }
      ],
      "machineType": "zones/us-central1-f/machineTypes/e2-standard-2",
      "name": "example-instance"
    }
    

Siguientes pasos