Mengonfigurasi kontrol akses yang sangat terperinci

void AddAndDropDatabaseRole(
    google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
    std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
    std::string const& database_id, std::string const& role_parent,
    std::string const& role_child) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  std::vector<std::string> grant_statements = {
      "CREATE ROLE " + role_parent,
      "GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Singers TO ROLE " + role_parent,
      "CREATE ROLE " + role_child,
      "GRANT ROLE " + role_parent + " TO ROLE " + role_child,
  };
  auto metadata =
      client.UpdateDatabaseDdl(database.FullName(), grant_statements).get();
  google::cloud::spanner_testing::LogUpdateDatabaseDdl(  //! TODO(#4758)
      client, database, metadata.status());              //! TODO(#4758)
  if (!metadata) throw std::move(metadata).status();
  std::cout << "Created roles " << role_parent << " and " << role_child
            << " and granted privileges\n";

  std::vector<std::string> revoke_statements = {
      "REVOKE ROLE " + role_parent + " FROM ROLE " + role_child,
      "DROP ROLE " + role_child,
  };
  metadata =
      client.UpdateDatabaseDdl(database.FullName(), revoke_statements).get();
  google::cloud::spanner_testing::LogUpdateDatabaseDdl(  //! TODO(#4758)
      client, database, metadata.status());              //! TODO(#4758)
  if (!metadata) throw std::move(metadata).status();
  std::cout << "Revoked privileges and dropped role " << role_child << "\n";
}

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class AddAndDropDatabaseRoleAsyncSample
{
    public async Task AddDatabaseRoleAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string databaseRole)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        string createRoleStatement = $"CREATE ROLE {databaseRole}";

        // Creates the given database role.
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var updateCmd = connection.CreateDdlCommand(createRoleStatement);
        await updateCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    }

    public async Task DropDatabaseRoleAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string databaseRole)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        string deleteRoleStatement = $"DROP ROLE {databaseRole}";

        // Drops the given database role.
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var updateCmd = connection.CreateDdlCommand(deleteRoleStatement);
        await updateCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    }
}

import (
	"context"
	"io"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1/databasepb"
)

func addAndDropDatabaseRole(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	// Set up database roles and membership. After database roles are created,
	// users can be granted roles by setting IAM policies.
	op, err := adminClient.UpdateDatabaseDdl(ctx, &adminpb.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest{
		Database: db,
		Statements: []string{
			"CREATE ROLE parent",
			"GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Albums TO ROLE parent",
			"CREATE ROLE child",
			"GRANT ROLE parent TO ROLE child",
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Delete role and membership.
	op, err = adminClient.UpdateDatabaseDdl(ctx, &adminpb.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest{
		Database: db,
		Statements: []string{
			"REVOKE ROLE parent FROM ROLE child",
			"DROP ROLE child",
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseName;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class AddAndDropDatabaseRole {

  static void addAndDropDatabaseRole() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";
    String parentRole = "parent_role";
    String childRole = "child_role";
    addAndDropDatabaseRole(projectId, instanceId, databaseId, parentRole, childRole, "Albums");
  }

  static void addAndDropDatabaseRole(
      String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId,
      String parentRole, String childRole, String... tables) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService();
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = spanner.createDatabaseAdminClient()) {
      System.out.println("Waiting for role create operation to complete...");
      List<String> roleStatements = new ArrayList<>(ImmutableList.of(
          String.format("CREATE ROLE %s", parentRole),
          String.format("CREATE ROLE %s", childRole),
          String.format("GRANT ROLE %s TO ROLE %s", parentRole, childRole)));
      for (String table : tables) {
        roleStatements.add(String.format("GRANT SELECT ON TABLE %s TO ROLE %s", table, parentRole));
      }
      databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdlAsync(
              DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId), roleStatements)
          .get(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
      System.out.printf(
          "Created roles %s and %s and granted privileges%n", parentRole, childRole);
      // Delete role and membership.
      System.out.println("Waiting for role revoke & drop operation to complete...");
      databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdlAsync(
          DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
          ImmutableList.of(
              String.format("REVOKE ROLE %s FROM ROLE %s", parentRole, childRole),
              String.format("DROP ROLE %s", childRole))).get(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
      System.out.printf("Revoked privileges and dropped role %s%n", childRole);
    } catch (ExecutionException | TimeoutException e) {
      System.out.printf(
          "Error: AddAndDropDatabaseRole failed with error message %s\n", e.getMessage());
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println(
          "Error: Waiting for AddAndDropDatabaseRole operation to finish was interrupted");
    }
  }
}

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

async function addAndDropNewDatabaseRole() {
  // Creates a new user defined role and grant permissions
  try {
    const request = [
      'CREATE ROLE parent',
      'GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Singers TO ROLE parent',
      'CREATE ROLE child',
      'GRANT ROLE parent TO ROLE child',
    ];
    const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdl({
      database: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
        projectId,
        instanceId,
        databaseId,
      ),
      statements: request,
    });

    console.log('Waiting for operation to complete...');
    await operation.promise();

    console.log('Created roles child and parent and granted privileges');
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  }

  // Revoke permissions and drop child role.
  // A role can't be dropped until all its permissions are revoked.
  try {
    const request = ['REVOKE ROLE parent FROM ROLE child', 'DROP ROLE child'];
    const [operation] = await databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdl({
      database: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
        projectId,
        instanceId,
        databaseId,
      ),
      statements: request,
    });

    console.log('Waiting for operation to complete...');
    await operation.promise();

    console.log('Revoked privileges and dropped role child');
  } catch (err) {
    console.error('ERROR:', err);
  } finally {
    // Close the spanner client when finished.
    // The databaseAdminClient does not require explicit closure. The closure of the Spanner client will automatically close the databaseAdminClient.
    spanner.close();
  }
}
addAndDropNewDatabaseRole();

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest;

/**
 * Adds and drops roles to the Singers table in the example database.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * add_drop_database_role($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google Cloud project ID.
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function add_drop_database_role(string $projectId, string $instanceId, string $databaseId): void
{
    $databaseAdminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $databaseName = DatabaseAdminClient::databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);

    $request = new UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest([
        'database' => $databaseName,
        'statements' => [
            'CREATE ROLE new_parent',
            'GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Singers TO ROLE new_parent',
            'CREATE ROLE new_child',
            'GRANT ROLE new_parent TO ROLE new_child'
        ]
    ]);

    $operation = $databaseAdminClient->updateDatabaseDdl($request);

    printf('Waiting for create role and grant operation to complete...%s', PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    printf('Created roles %s and %s and granted privileges%s', 'new_parent', 'new_child', PHP_EOL);

    $request = new UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest([
        'database' => $databaseName,
        'statements' => [
            'REVOKE ROLE new_parent FROM ROLE new_child',
            'DROP ROLE new_child'
        ]
    ]);

    $operation = $databaseAdminClient->updateDatabaseDdl($request);

    printf('Waiting for revoke role and drop role operation to complete...%s', PHP_EOL);
    $operation->pollUntilComplete();

    printf('Revoked privileges and dropped role %s%s', 'new_child', PHP_EOL);
}

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"

from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import spanner_database_admin

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

role_parent = "new_parent"
role_child = "new_child"

request = spanner_database_admin.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest(
    database=database_admin_api.database_path(
        spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
    ),
    statements=[
        "CREATE ROLE {}".format(role_parent),
        "GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Singers TO ROLE {}".format(role_parent),
        "CREATE ROLE {}".format(role_child),
        "GRANT ROLE {} TO ROLE {}".format(role_parent, role_child),
    ],
)
operation = database_admin_api.update_database_ddl(request)

operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
print(
    "Created roles {} and {} and granted privileges".format(role_parent, role_child)
)

request = spanner_database_admin.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest(
    database=database_admin_api.database_path(
        spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
    ),
    statements=[
        "REVOKE ROLE {} FROM ROLE {}".format(role_parent, role_child),
        "DROP ROLE {}".format(role_child),
    ],
)
operation = database_admin_api.update_database_ddl(request)

operation.result(OPERATION_TIMEOUT_SECONDS)
print("Revoked privileges and dropped role {}".format(role_child))

require "google/cloud/spanner"

def spanner_add_and_drop_database_role project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
  # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
  # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

  admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database::V1::DatabaseAdmin::Client.new
  role_parent = "new_parent"
  role_child = "new_child"

  db_path = admin_client.database_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id, database: database_id

  job = admin_client.update_database_ddl database: db_path, statements: [
    "CREATE ROLE #{role_parent}",
    "GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Singers TO ROLE #{role_parent}",
    "CREATE ROLE #{role_child}",
    "GRANT ROLE #{role_parent} TO ROLE #{role_child}"
  ]

  job.wait_until_done!
  puts "Created roles #{role_parent} and #{role_child} and granted privileges"


  job = admin_client.update_database_ddl database: db_path, statements: [
    "REVOKE ROLE #{role_parent} FROM ROLE #{role_child}",
    "DROP ROLE #{role_child}"
  ]

  job.wait_until_done!
  puts "Revoked privileges and dropped role #{role_child}"
end

void EnableFineGrainedAccess(
    google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
    std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
    std::string const& database_id, std::string const& iam_member,
    std::string const& database_role, std::string const& title) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);

  google::iam::v1::GetIamPolicyRequest request;
  request.set_resource(database.FullName());
  request.mutable_options()->set_requested_policy_version(3);
  auto policy = client.GetIamPolicy(request);
  if (!policy) throw std::move(policy).status();
  if (policy->version() < 3) policy->set_version(3);

  auto& binding = *policy->add_bindings();
  binding.set_role("roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser");
  binding.add_members(iam_member);
  auto& condition = *binding.mutable_condition();
  condition.set_expression("resource.name.endsWith(\"/databaseRoles/" +
                           database_role + "\")");
  condition.set_title(title);

  auto new_policy =
      client.SetIamPolicy(database.FullName(), *std::move(policy));
  if (!new_policy) throw std::move(new_policy).status();
  std::cout << "Enabled fine-grained access in IAM. New policy has version "
            << new_policy->version() << "\n";
}

using Google.Api.Gax;
using Google.Cloud.Iam.V1;
using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Admin.Database.V1;

public class EnableFineGrainedAccessSample
{
    public Policy EnableFineGrainedAccess(
        string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, 
        string databaseRole, string iamMember)
    {
        var resourceName = new UnparsedResourceName($"projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}");

        var client = new DatabaseAdminClientBuilder().Build();

        // Request policy version 3 as earlier versions do not support condition field in role binding.
        // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/policies#versions.

        GetIamPolicyRequest getIamPolicyRequest = new GetIamPolicyRequest
        {
            ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName,
            Options = new GetPolicyOptions
            {
                RequestedPolicyVersion = 3
            }
        };

        var policy = client.GetIamPolicy(getIamPolicyRequest);

        // Gives the given IAM member access to the all the database roles
        // with resource name ending in ../databaseRoles/{databaseRole}.
        // For more information see https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/conditions-overview.
        Binding newBinding = new Binding
        {
            Role = "roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser",
            Members = { iamMember },
            Condition = new Google.Type.Expr
            {
                Title = "DatabaseRoleBindingTitle",
                Expression = $"resource.name.endsWith('/databaseRoles/{databaseRole}')"
            }
        };

        policy.Bindings.Add(newBinding);
        if (policy.Version < 3)
        {
            policy.Version = 3;
        }
        SetIamPolicyRequest setIamPolicyRequest = new SetIamPolicyRequest
        {
            Policy = policy,
            ResourceAsResourceName = resourceName,
        };
        var updatedPolicy = client.SetIamPolicy(setIamPolicyRequest);
        return updatedPolicy;
    }
}

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/iam/apiv1/iampb"
	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	expr "google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/type/expr"
)

func enableFineGrainedAccess(w io.Writer, db string, iamMember string, databaseRole string, title string) error {
	// iamMember = "user:alice@example.com"
	// databaseRole = "parent"
	// title = "condition title"
	ctx := context.Background()
	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	policy, err := adminClient.GetIamPolicy(ctx, &iampb.GetIamPolicyRequest{
		Resource: db,
		Options: &iampb.GetPolicyOptions{
			// IAM conditions need at least version 3
			RequestedPolicyVersion: 3,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// IAM conditions need at least version 3
	if policy.Version < 3 {
		policy.Version = 3
	}
	policy.Bindings = append(policy.Bindings, []*iampb.Binding{
		{
			Role:    "roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser",
			Members: []string{iamMember},
		},
		{
			Role:    "roles/spanner.databaseRoleUser",
			Members: []string{iamMember},
			Condition: &expr.Expr{
				Expression: fmt.Sprintf(`resource.name.endsWith("/databaseRoles/%s")`, databaseRole),
				Title:      title,
			},
		},
	}...)
	_, err = adminClient.SetIamPolicy(ctx, &iampb.SetIamPolicyRequest{
		Resource: db,
		Policy:   policy,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Enabled fine-grained access in IAM.\n")
	return nil
}

import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.iam.v1.Binding;
import com.google.iam.v1.GetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.iam.v1.GetPolicyOptions;
import com.google.iam.v1.Policy;
import com.google.iam.v1.SetIamPolicyRequest;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseName;
import com.google.type.Expr;

public class EnableFineGrainedAccess {

  static void enableFineGrainedAccess() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";
    String iamMember = "user:alice@example.com";
    String role = "my-role";
    String title = "my-condition-title";
    enableFineGrainedAccess(projectId, instanceId, databaseId, iamMember, title, role);
  }

  static void enableFineGrainedAccess(
      String projectId,
      String instanceId,
      String databaseId,
      String iamMember,
      String title,
      String role) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = spanner.createDatabaseAdminClient()) {
      final GetPolicyOptions options =
          GetPolicyOptions.newBuilder().setRequestedPolicyVersion(3).build();
      final GetIamPolicyRequest getRequest =
          GetIamPolicyRequest.newBuilder()
              .setResource(DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId).toString())
              .setOptions(options).build();
      final Policy policy = databaseAdminClient.getIamPolicy(getRequest);
      int policyVersion = policy.getVersion();
      // The policy in the response from getDatabaseIAMPolicy might use the policy version
      // that you specified, or it might use a lower policy version. For example, if you
      // specify version 3, but the policy has no conditional role bindings, the response
      // uses version 1. Valid values are 0, 1, and 3.
      if (policy.getVersion() < 3) {
        // conditional role bindings work with policy version 3
        policyVersion = 3;
      }

      Binding binding1 =
          Binding.newBuilder()
              .setRole("roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser")
              .addAllMembers(ImmutableList.of(iamMember))
              .build();

      Binding binding2 =
          Binding.newBuilder()
              .setRole("roles/spanner.databaseRoleUser")
              .setCondition(
                  Expr.newBuilder().setDescription(title).setExpression(
                      String.format("resource.name.endsWith(\"/databaseRoles/%s\")", role)
                  ).setTitle(title).build())
              .addAllMembers(ImmutableList.of(iamMember))
              .build();
      ImmutableList<Binding> bindings =
          ImmutableList.<Binding>builder()
              .addAll(policy.getBindingsList())
              .add(binding1)
              .add(binding2)
              .build();
      Policy policyWithConditions =
          Policy.newBuilder()
              .setVersion(policyVersion)
              .setEtag(policy.getEtag())
              .addAllBindings(bindings)
              .build();
      final SetIamPolicyRequest setRequest =
          SetIamPolicyRequest.newBuilder()
              .setResource(DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId).toString())
              .setPolicy(policyWithConditions).build();
      final Policy response = databaseAdminClient.setIamPolicy(setRequest);
      System.out.printf(
          "Enabled fine-grained access in IAM with version %d%n", response.getVersion());
    }
  }
}

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';
// iamMember = 'user:alice@example.com';
// databaseRole = 'parent';
// title = 'condition title';
// Imports the Google Cloud Spanner client library
const {Spanner, protos} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// Instantiates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

async function enableFineGrainedAccess() {
  // Gets a reference to a Cloud Spanner Database Admin Client object
  const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

  const [policy] = await databaseAdminClient.getIamPolicy({
    resource: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId,
      databaseId,
    ),
    options: (protos.google.iam.v1.GetPolicyOptions = {
      requestedPolicyVersion: 3,
    }),
  });
  if (policy.version < 3) {
    policy.version = 3;
  }

  const newBinding = {
    role: 'roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser',
    members: [`user:${iamMember}`],
    condition: {
      title: title,
      expression: `resource.name.endsWith("/databaseRoles/${databaseRole}")`,
    },
  };
  policy.bindings.push(newBinding);
  await databaseAdminClient.setIamPolicy({
    resource: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId,
      databaseId,
    ),
    policy: policy,
  });
  // Requested Policy Version is Optional. The maximum policy version that will be used to format the policy.
  // Valid values are 0, 1, and 3. Requests specifying an invalid value will be rejected.
  const newPolicy = await databaseAdminClient.getIamPolicy({
    resource: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId,
      databaseId,
    ),
    options: (protos.google.iam.v1.GetPolicyOptions = {
      requestedPolicyVersion: 3,
    }),
  });
  console.log(newPolicy);
}
enableFineGrainedAccess();

use \Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\Binding;
use \Google\Type\Expr;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\GetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Iam\V1\SetIamPolicyRequest;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;

/**
 * Enable Fine Grained Access.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * enable_fine_grained_access($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId, $iamMember, $databaseRole, $title);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google cloud project ID
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 * @param string $iamMember The IAM member. Eg: `user:{emailid}`,
 *        `serviceAccount:{emailid}`, `group:{emailid}`, `domain:{domain}`
 * @param string $databaseRole The database role bound to
 *        the IAM member.
 * @param string $title Condition title.
 */
function enable_fine_grained_access(
    string $projectId,
    string $instanceId,
    string $databaseId,
    string $iamMember,
    string $databaseRole,
    string $title
): void {
    $adminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $resource = $adminClient->databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
    $getIamPolicyRequest = (new GetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resource);
    $policy = $adminClient->getIamPolicy($getIamPolicyRequest);

    // IAM conditions need at least version 3
    if ($policy->getVersion() != 3) {
        $policy->setVersion(3);
    }

    $binding = new Binding([
        'role' => 'roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser',
        'members' => [$iamMember],
        'condition' => new Expr([
            'title' => $title,
            'expression' => sprintf("resource.name.endsWith('/databaseRoles/%s')", $databaseRole)
        ])
    ]);
    $policy->setBindings([$binding]);
    $setIamPolicyRequest = (new SetIamPolicyRequest())
        ->setResource($resource)
        ->setPolicy($policy);
    $adminClient->setIamPolicy($setIamPolicyRequest);

    printf('Enabled fine-grained access in IAM' . PHP_EOL);
}

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"
# iam_member = "user:alice@example.com"
# database_role = "new_parent"
# title = "condition title"

from google.iam.v1 import iam_policy_pb2, options_pb2, policy_pb2
from google.type import expr_pb2

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

# The policy in the response from getDatabaseIAMPolicy might use the policy version
# that you specified, or it might use a lower policy version. For example, if you
# specify version 3, but the policy has no conditional role bindings, the response
# uses version 1. Valid values are 0, 1, and 3.
request = iam_policy_pb2.GetIamPolicyRequest(
    resource=database_admin_api.database_path(
        spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
    ),
    options=options_pb2.GetPolicyOptions(requested_policy_version=3),
)
policy = database_admin_api.get_iam_policy(request=request)
if policy.version < 3:
    policy.version = 3

new_binding = policy_pb2.Binding(
    role="roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser",
    members=[iam_member],
    condition=expr_pb2.Expr(
        title=title,
        expression=f'resource.name.endsWith("/databaseRoles/{database_role}")',
    ),
)

policy.version = 3
policy.bindings.append(new_binding)
set_request = iam_policy_pb2.SetIamPolicyRequest(
    resource=database_admin_api.database_path(
        spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
    ),
    policy=policy,
)
database_admin_api.set_iam_policy(set_request)

new_policy = database_admin_api.get_iam_policy(request=request)
print(
    f"Enabled fine-grained access in IAM. New policy has version {new_policy.version}"
)

require "google/cloud/spanner"

def spanner_enable_fine_grained_access project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:, iam_member:, database_role:, title:
  # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
  # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
  # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"
  # iam_member = "user:alice@example.com"
  # database_role = "new_parent"
  # title = "condition title"

  admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database::V1::DatabaseAdmin::Client.new
  db_path = admin_client.database_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id, database: database_id

  policy = admin_client.get_iam_policy resource: db_path, options: { requested_policy_version: 3 }

  policy.version = 3 if policy.version < 3

  binding = Google::Iam::V1::Binding.new(
    role: "roles/spanner.fineGrainedAccessUser",
    members: [iam_member],
    condition: Google::Type::Expr.new(
      title: title,
      expression: "resource.name.endsWith('/databaseRoles/#{database_role}')"
    )
  )

  policy.bindings << binding
  result = admin_client.set_iam_policy resource: db_path, policy: policy

  puts "Enabled fine-grained access in IAM."
end

void ListDatabaseRoles(google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
                       std::string const& project_id,
                       std::string const& instance_id,
                       std::string const& database_id) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  std::cout << "Database Roles are:\n";
  for (auto& role : client.ListDatabaseRoles(database.FullName())) {
    if (!role) throw std::move(role).status();
    std::cout << role->name() << "\n";
  }
}

using Google.Api.Gax;
using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Admin.Database.V1;
using System;

public class ListDatabaseRolesSample
{
    public PagedEnumerable<ListDatabaseRolesResponse, DatabaseRole> ListDatabaseRoles(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId)
    {
        string parent = $"projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        var client = DatabaseAdminClient.Create();
        PagedEnumerable<ListDatabaseRolesResponse, DatabaseRole> databaseRoles = client.ListDatabaseRoles(parent);
        foreach (var dbRole in databaseRoles)
        {
            Console.WriteLine($"Database Role: {dbRole.DatabaseRoleName}");
        }
        return databaseRoles;
    }
}

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"strings"

	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1/databasepb"
)

func listDatabaseRoles(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	iter := adminClient.ListDatabaseRoles(ctx, &adminpb.ListDatabaseRolesRequest{
		Parent: db,
	})
	rolePrefix := db + "/databaseRoles/"
	for {
		role, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			break
		}
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
		if !strings.HasPrefix(role.Name, rolePrefix) {
			return fmt.Errorf("Role %v does not have prefix %v", role.Name, rolePrefix)
		}
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "%s\n", strings.TrimPrefix(role.Name, rolePrefix))
	}
	return nil
}

import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient.ListDatabaseRolesPage;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient.ListDatabaseRolesPagedResponse;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseName;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseRole;

public class ListDatabaseRoles {

  static void listDatabaseRoles() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";
    listDatabaseRoles(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
  }

  static void listDatabaseRoles(String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = spanner.createDatabaseAdminClient()) {
      DatabaseName databaseName = DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId);
      ListDatabaseRolesPagedResponse response
          = databaseAdminClient.listDatabaseRoles(databaseName);
      System.out.println("List of Database roles");
      for (ListDatabaseRolesPage page : response.iteratePages()) {
        for (DatabaseRole role : page.iterateAll()) {
          System.out.printf("Obtained role %s%n", role.getName());
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const instanceId = 'my-instance';
// const databaseId = 'my-database';
// const projectId = 'my-project-id';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Spanner} = require('@google-cloud/spanner');

// creates a client
const spanner = new Spanner({
  projectId: projectId,
});

const databaseAdminClient = spanner.getDatabaseAdminClient();

async function getDatabaseRoles() {
  // Fetching database roles
  const [databaseRoles] = await databaseAdminClient.listDatabaseRoles({
    parent: databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId,
      databaseId,
    ),
  });
  console.log(
    `Roles for Database: ${databaseAdminClient.databasePath(
      projectId,
      instanceId,
      databaseId,
    )}`,
  );
  databaseRoles.forEach(role => {
    console.log(`Role: ${role.name}`);
  });
}
getDatabaseRoles();

use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\Client\DatabaseAdminClient;
use Google\Cloud\Spanner\Admin\Database\V1\ListDatabaseRolesRequest;

/**
 * List Database roles in the given database.
 * Example:
 * ```
 * list_database_roles($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
 * ```
 *
 * @param string $projectId The Google cloud project ID
 * @param string $instanceId The Spanner instance ID.
 * @param string $databaseId The Spanner database ID.
 */
function list_database_roles(
    string $projectId,
    string $instanceId,
    string $databaseId
): void {
    $adminClient = new DatabaseAdminClient();
    $resource = $adminClient->databaseName($projectId, $instanceId, $databaseId);
    $listDatabaseRolesRequest = (new ListDatabaseRolesRequest())
        ->setParent($resource);

    $roles = $adminClient->listDatabaseRoles($listDatabaseRolesRequest);
    printf('List of Database roles:' . PHP_EOL);
    foreach ($roles as $role) {
        printf($role->getName() . PHP_EOL);
    }
}

# instance_id = "your-spanner-instance"
# database_id = "your-spanner-db-id"
from google.cloud.spanner_admin_database_v1.types import spanner_database_admin

spanner_client = spanner.Client()
database_admin_api = spanner_client.database_admin_api

request = spanner_database_admin.ListDatabaseRolesRequest(
    parent=database_admin_api.database_path(
        spanner_client.project, instance_id, database_id
    )
)
# List database roles.
print("Database Roles are:")
for role in database_admin_api.list_database_roles(request):
    print(role.name.split("/")[-1])

require "google/cloud/spanner"

def spanner_list_database_roles project_id:, instance_id:, database_id:
  # project_id  = "Your Google Cloud project ID"
  # instance_id = "Your Spanner instance ID"
  # database_id = "Your Spanner database ID"

  admin_client = Google::Cloud::Spanner::Admin::Database::V1::DatabaseAdmin::Client.new

  db_path = admin_client.database_path project: project_id, instance: instance_id, database: database_id

  result = admin_client.list_database_roles parent: db_path

  puts "List of Database roles:"
  result.each do |role|
    puts role.name
  end
end

void AddAndDropDatabaseRole(
    google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient client,
    std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
    std::string const& database_id, std::string const& role_parent,
    std::string const& role_child) {
  google::cloud::spanner::Database database(project_id, instance_id,
                                            database_id);
  std::vector<std::string> grant_statements = {
      "CREATE ROLE " + role_parent,
      "GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Singers TO ROLE " + role_parent,
      "CREATE ROLE " + role_child,
      "GRANT ROLE " + role_parent + " TO ROLE " + role_child,
  };
  auto metadata =
      client.UpdateDatabaseDdl(database.FullName(), grant_statements).get();
  google::cloud::spanner_testing::LogUpdateDatabaseDdl(  //! TODO(#4758)
      client, database, metadata.status());              //! TODO(#4758)
  if (!metadata) throw std::move(metadata).status();
  std::cout << "Created roles " << role_parent << " and " << role_child
            << " and granted privileges\n";

  std::vector<std::string> revoke_statements = {
      "REVOKE ROLE " + role_parent + " FROM ROLE " + role_child,
      "DROP ROLE " + role_child,
  };
  metadata =
      client.UpdateDatabaseDdl(database.FullName(), revoke_statements).get();
  google::cloud::spanner_testing::LogUpdateDatabaseDdl(  //! TODO(#4758)
      client, database, metadata.status());              //! TODO(#4758)
  if (!metadata) throw std::move(metadata).status();
  std::cout << "Revoked privileges and dropped role " << role_child << "\n";
}

using Google.Cloud.Spanner.Data;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

public class AddAndDropDatabaseRoleAsyncSample
{
    public async Task AddDatabaseRoleAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string databaseRole)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        string createRoleStatement = $"CREATE ROLE {databaseRole}";

        // Creates the given database role.
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var updateCmd = connection.CreateDdlCommand(createRoleStatement);
        await updateCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    }

    public async Task DropDatabaseRoleAsync(string projectId, string instanceId, string databaseId, string databaseRole)
    {
        string connectionString = $"Data Source=projects/{projectId}/instances/{instanceId}/databases/{databaseId}";
        string deleteRoleStatement = $"DROP ROLE {databaseRole}";

        // Drops the given database role.
        using var connection = new SpannerConnection(connectionString);
        using var updateCmd = connection.CreateDdlCommand(deleteRoleStatement);
        await updateCmd.ExecuteNonQueryAsync();
    }
}

import (
	"context"
	"io"

	database "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1"
	adminpb "cloud.google.com/go/spanner/admin/database/apiv1/databasepb"
)

func addAndDropDatabaseRole(w io.Writer, db string) error {
	ctx := context.Background()
	adminClient, err := database.NewDatabaseAdminClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	// Set up database roles and membership. After database roles are created,
	// users can be granted roles by setting IAM policies.
	op, err := adminClient.UpdateDatabaseDdl(ctx, &adminpb.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest{
		Database: db,
		Statements: []string{
			"CREATE ROLE parent",
			"GRANT SELECT ON TABLE Albums TO ROLE parent",
			"CREATE ROLE child",
			"GRANT ROLE parent TO ROLE child",
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Delete role and membership.
	op, err = adminClient.UpdateDatabaseDdl(ctx, &adminpb.UpdateDatabaseDdlRequest{
		Database: db,
		Statements: []string{
			"REVOKE ROLE parent FROM ROLE child",
			"DROP ROLE child",
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if err := op.Wait(ctx); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

import com.google.cloud.spanner.Spanner;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.SpannerOptions;
import com.google.cloud.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseAdminClient;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.spanner.admin.database.v1.DatabaseName;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class AddAndDropDatabaseRole {

  static void addAndDropDatabaseRole() {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "my-project";
    String instanceId = "my-instance";
    String databaseId = "my-database";
    String parentRole = "parent_role";
    String childRole = "child_role";
    addAndDropDatabaseRole(projectId, instanceId, databaseId, parentRole, childRole, "Albums");
  }

  static void addAndDropDatabaseRole(
      String projectId, String instanceId, String databaseId,
      String parentRole, String childRole, String... tables) {
    try (Spanner spanner =
        SpannerOptions.newBuilder()
            .setProjectId(projectId)
            .build()
            .getService();
        DatabaseAdminClient databaseAdminClient = spanner.createDatabaseAdminClient()) {
      System.out.println("Waiting for role create operation to complete...");
      List<String> roleStatements = new ArrayList<>(ImmutableList.of(
          String.format("CREATE ROLE %s", parentRole),
          String.format("CREATE ROLE %s", childRole),
          String.format("GRANT ROLE %s TO ROLE %s", parentRole, childRole)));
      for (String table : tables) {
        roleStatements.add(String.format("GRANT SELECT ON TABLE %s TO ROLE %s", table, parentRole));
      }
      databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdlAsync(
              DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId), roleStatements)
          .get(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
      System.out.printf(
          "Created roles %s and %s and granted privileges%n", parentRole, childRole);
      // Delete role and membership.
      System.out.println("Waiting for role revoke & drop operation to complete...");
      databaseAdminClient.updateDatabaseDdlAsync(
          DatabaseName.of(projectId, instanceId, databaseId),
          ImmutableList.of(
              String.format("REVOKE ROLE %s FROM ROLE %s", parentRole, childRole),
              String.format("DROP ROLE %s", childRole))).get(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);
      System.out.printf("Revoked privileges and dropped role %s%n", childRole);
    } catch (ExecutionException | TimeoutException e) {
      System.out.printf(
          "Error: AddAndDropDatabaseRole failed with error message %s\n", e.getMessage());
      e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      System.out.println(
          "Error: Waiting for AddAndDropDatabaseRole operation to finish was interrupted");
    }
  }
}