PGAdapter 工作階段管理指令

SET SPANNER.READONLY = TRUE;
-- This transaction is a read-only transaction.
BEGIN TRANSACTION;

-- The following two queries both use the read-only transaction.
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM albums
ORDER BY title;

-- This shows the read timestamp that was used for the two queries.
SHOW SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;

-- This marks the end of the read-only transaction. The next statement will
-- start a new read-only transaction.
COMMIT;

-- The default value for AUTOCOMMIT is true.
SHOW AUTOCOMMIT;

-- This insert statement is automatically committed after it is executed, as
-- the connection is in autocommit mode.
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES (1, 100, 1);

-- Turning off autocommit means that a new transaction is automatically started
-- when the next statement is executed.
SET AUTOCOMMIT = FALSE;
-- The following statement starts a new transaction.
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES (2, 200, 2);

-- This statement uses the same transaction as the previous statement.
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES (3, 300, 3);

-- Commit the current transaction with the two INSERT statements.
COMMIT;

-- Transactions can also be executed in autocommit mode by executing the BEGIN
-- statement.
SET AUTOCOMMIT = TRUE;

-- Execute a transaction while in autocommit mode.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES (4, 400, 4);
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES (5, 500, 5);
COMMIT;

-- Change autocommit DML mode to use Partitioned DML.
SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE = 'PARTITIONED_NON_ATOMIC';

-- Delete all singers that have been marked as inactive.
-- This statement is executed using Partitioned DML.
DELETE
FROM singers
WHERE active=false;

-- Change DML mode back to standard `TRANSACTIONAL`.
SET SPANNER.AUTOCOMMIT_DML_MODE = 'TRANSACTIONAL';

-- Set the read-only staleness to MAX_STALENESS 10 seconds.
SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS = 'MAX_STALENESS 10s';

-- Execute a query in auto-commit mode. This will return results that are up to
-- 10 seconds stale.
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Read-only staleness can also be applied to read-only transactions.
-- MAX_STALENESS is however only allowed for queries in autocommit mode.
-- Change the staleness to EXACT_STALENESS and start a read-only transaction.
SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS = 'EXACT_STALENESS 10s';
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

SELECT title, singer_id
FROM albums
ORDER BY title;

COMMIT;

-- Read staleness can also be an exact timestamp.
SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS = 'READ_TIMESTAMP 2024-01-26T10:36:00Z';

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Set the optimizer version to 5 and execute a query.
SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION = '5';

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Execute the same query with the latest optimizer version.
SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION = 'LATEST';

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Revert back to using the default optimizer version that has been set for the
-- database.
SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION = '';

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Show the available optimizer statistics packages in this database.
SELECT * FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.SPANNER_STATISTICS;

-- Set the optimizer statistics package and execute a query.
SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_STATISTICS_PACKAGE = 'auto_20240124_06_47_29UTC';

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Execute the same query with the default optimizer statistics package.
SET SPANNER.OPTIMIZER_VERSION = '';

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Enable the returning of commit stats.
SET SPANNER.RETURN_COMMIT_STATS = true;

-- Execute a transaction.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1), (2, 200, 2), (3, 300, 3);
COMMIT;

-- View the commit response with the transaction statistics for the last
-- transaction that was committed.
SHOW SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;

-- Execute a query in autocommit mode using the default read-only staleness
-- (strong).
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Shows the read timestamp that was used for the previous query.
SHOW SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;

-- Set a non-deterministic read-only staleness and execute the same query.
SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS = 'MAX_STALENESS 20s';

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Shows the read timestamp that was used for the previous query. The timestamp
-- is determined by Spanner, and is guaranteed to be no less than 20
-- seconds stale.
SHOW SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;

-- The read timestamp of a read-only transaction can also be retrieved.
SET SPANNER.READ_ONLY_STALENESS = 'STRONG';
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Shows the read timestamp of the current read-only transaction. All queries in
-- this transaction will use this read timestamp.
SHOW SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;

SELECT title
FROM albums
ORDER BY title;

-- The read timestamp is the same as for the previous query, as all queries in
-- the same transaction use the same read timestamp.
SHOW SPANNER.READ_TIMESTAMP;

COMMIT;

-- Execute a DML statement.
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1), (2, 200, 2), (3, 300, 3);

-- Show the timestamp that the statement was committed.
SHOW SPANNER.COMMIT_TIMESTAMP;

-- Enable returning commit stats in addition to the commit timestamp.
SET SPANNER.RETURN_COMMIT_STATS = true;

-- Execute a DML statement.
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1), (2, 200, 2), (3, 300, 3);

-- Show the timestamp that the statement was committed.
SHOW SPANNER.COMMIT_RESPONSE;

-- This starts a transaction using the current defaults of this connection.
-- The value of SPANNER.READONLY determines whether the transaction is a
-- read/write or a read-only transaction.

BEGIN;
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1);
COMMIT;

-- Set SPANNER.READONLY to TRUE to use read-only transactions by default.
SET SPANNER.READONLY=TRUE;

-- This starts a read-only transaction.
BEGIN;
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;
COMMIT;

-- Use the 'READ WRITE' or 'READ ONLY' qualifier in the BEGIN statement to
-- override the current default of the connection.
SET SPANNER.READONLY=FALSE;
BEGIN READ ONLY;
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;
COMMIT;

-- Execute a regular read/write transaction.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1);
COMMIT;

-- Execute a read-only transaction. Read-only transactions also need to be
-- either committed or rolled back in PGAdapter in order to mark the
-- end of the transaction.
BEGIN READ ONLY;
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;
COMMIT;

-- Use ROLLBACK to undo the effects of a transaction.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1);
-- This will ensure that the insert statement is not persisted in the database.
ROLLBACK;

-- Read-only transactions also need to be either committed or rolled back in
-- PGAdapter in order to mark the end of the transaction. There is no
-- semantic difference between rolling back or committing a read-only
-- transaction.
BEGIN READ ONLY;
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;
ROLLBACK;

-- Start a transaction and set the transaction mode to read-only.
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;

SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- Commit the read-only transaction to mark the end of the transaction.
COMMIT;

-- Start a transaction and set the transaction mode to read/write.
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ WRITE;

INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1);

COMMIT;

-- Set the default transaction mode to read-only.
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ ONLY;

-- This will now start a read-only transaction.
BEGIN;
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;
COMMIT;

-- You can override the default transaction mode with the SET TRANSACTION
-- statement.
SET SESSION CHARACTERISTICS AS TRANSACTION READ WRITE;
BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY;
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;
COMMIT;

-- Set the statement tag that should be included with the next statement.
SET SPANNER.STATEMENT_TAG = 'tag1';
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- The statement tag property is cleared after each statement execution.
SHOW SPANNER.STATEMENT_TAG;
-- Set another tag for the next statement.
SET SPANNER.STATEMENT_TAG = 'tag2';
SELECT title
FROM albums
ORDER BY title;

-- Set a statement tag with a query hint.
/*@STATEMENT_TAG='tag3'*/
SELECT track_number, title
FROM tracks
WHERE album_id=1 AND singer_id=1
ORDER BY track_number;

BEGIN;
-- Set the transaction tag for the current transaction.
SET SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG = 'transaction-tag-1';

-- Set the statement tag that should be included with the next statement.
-- The statement will include both the statement tag and the transaction tag.
SET SPANNER.STATEMENT_TAG = 'select-statement';
SELECT first_name, last_name
FROM singers
ORDER BY last_name;

-- The statement tag property is cleared after each statement execution.
SHOW SPANNER.STATEMENT_TAG;

-- Set another tag for the next statement.
SET SPANNER.STATEMENT_TAG = 'insert-statement';
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b)
VALUES (1, 100, 1);

COMMIT;

-- The transaction tag property is cleared when the transaction finishes.
SHOW SPANNER.TRANSACTION_TAG;

-- Start a DDL batch. All following statements must be DDL statements.
START BATCH DDL;

-- This statement is buffered locally until RUN BATCH is executed.
CREATE TABLE singers (
  id bigint primary key,
  first_name varchar,
  last_name varchar
);

-- This statement is buffered locally until RUN BATCH is executed.
CREATE TABLE albums (
  id bigint primary key,
  title varchar,
  singer_id bigint,
  constraint fk_albums_singers foreign key (singer_id) references singers (id)
);

-- This runs the DDL statements as one batch.
RUN BATCH;

-- Start a DDL batch. All following statements must be DDL statements.
START BATCH DDL;

-- The following statements are buffered locally.
CREATE TABLE singers (
  id bigint primary key,
  first_name varchar,
  last_name varchar
);
CREATE TABLE albums (
  id bigint primary key,
  title varchar,
  singer_id bigint,
  constraint fk_albums_singers foreign key (singer_id) references singers (id)
);

-- This aborts the DDL batch and removes the DDL statements from the buffer.
ABORT BATCH;

-- Start a DML batch. All following statements must be a DML statement.
START BATCH DML;

-- The following statements are buffered locally.
INSERT INTO MYTABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (1, 'ONE');
INSERT INTO MYTABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (2, 'TWO');

-- This sends the statements to Spanner.
RUN BATCH;

-- DML batches can also be part of a read/write transaction.
BEGIN;
-- Insert a row using a single statement.
INSERT INTO MYTABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (3, 'THREE');

-- Insert two rows using a batch.
START BATCH DML;
INSERT INTO MYTABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (4, 'FOUR');
INSERT INTO MYTABLE (ID, NAME) VALUES (5, 'FIVE');
RUN BATCH;

-- Rollback the current transaction. This rolls back both the single DML
-- statement and the DML batch.
ROLLBACK;

-- Start a transaction and execute an insert statement.
BEGIN;
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES (1, 100, 1);

-- Set a savepoint and then execute another insert statement.
SAVEPOINT one_row_inserted;
INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES (2, 200, 2);

-- Roll back to the savepoint. This will undo all statements that have been
-- executed after the savepoint.
ROLLBACK TO one_row_inserted;

-- This only commits the first insert statement.
COMMIT;

-- Create a prepared statement that can be used to insert a single row.
PREPARE insert_t AS INSERT INTO T (id, col_a, col_b) VALUES ($1, $2, $3);

-- The prepared statement can be used to insert rows both in autocommit, in a
-- transaction, and in DML batches.

-- Execute in autocommit.
EXECUTE insert_t (1, 100, 1);

-- Execute in transaction.
BEGIN;
EXECUTE insert_t (2, 200, 2);
EXECUTE insert_t (3, 300, 3);
COMMIT;

-- Execute in a DML batch.
START BATCH DML;
EXECUTE insert_t (4, 400, 4);
EXECUTE insert_t (5, 500, 5);
RUN BATCH;

-- Prepared statements can be removed with the DEALLOCATE command.
DEALLOCATE insert_t;

-- Create a prepared statement.
PREPARE my_statement AS insert into my_table (id, value) values ($1, $2);

-- Execute the statement twice with different parameter values.
EXECUTE my_statement (1, 'One');
EXECUTE my_statement (2, 'Two');

create table numbers (number bigint not null primary key, name varchar);

cat numbers.txt | psql -h /tmp -d test-db -c "copy numbers from stdin;"

cat numbers.txt | psql -h /tmp -d test-db \
  -c "set spanner.autocommit_dml_mode='partitioned_non_atomic'; copy numbers from stdin;"

psql -h localhost -p 5432 -d my-local-db \
  -c "copy (select i, to_char(i, 'fm000') from generate_series(1, 1000000) s(i)) to stdout binary" \
  | psql -h localhost -p 5433 -d my-spanner-db \
  -c "set spanner.autocommit_dml_mode='partitioned_non_atomic'; copy numbers from stdin binary;"

-- Enable Data Boost on this connection.
SET SPANNER.DATA_BOOST_ENABLED = true;

-- Execute a partitioned query. Data Boost is only used for partitioned queries.
RUN PARTITIONED QUERY SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers;

SET SPANNER.AUTO_PARTITION_MODE = true
SET SPANNER.DATA_BOOST_ENABLED = true
SELECT first_name, last_name FROM singers
SELECT singer_id, title FROM albums

-- Partition a query. This returns a list of partition tokens that can be
-- executed either on this connection or on any other connection to the same
-- database.
PARTITION SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers;

-- Run the partitions that were returned from the previous statement.
RUN PARTITION 'partition-token-1';
RUN PARTITION 'partition-token-2';