图 2 展示了配置为 Web 层应用的前端的网络虚拟设备。如需查看合作伙伴生态系统解决方案的列表，请参阅 Google Cloud 控制台中的 Google Cloud Marketplace 页面。
混合服务架构
Google Cloud 提供了以下方法来轻松地大规模管理面向互联网的应用：
使用 Google 的全球任播 DNS 域名服务器网络，可为域名请求转换为 IP 地址提供高可用性和低延迟。
使用 Google 的一组外部应用负载均衡器将流量路由到托管在 Google Cloud 内部、托管在本地或托管在其他公有云上的应用。这些负载均衡器可以根据您的流量自动扩缩，并确保每个请求都定向到健康状况良好的后端。通过设置混合连接网络端点组，您可以将应用负载均衡器网络功能的优势应用于 Google Cloud 之外的现有基础架构上运行的服务。本地网络或其他公有云网络通过 VPN 隧道或通过 Cloud Interconnect 以私密方式连接到您的 Google Cloud 网络。
[[["易于理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["解决了我的问题","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["很难理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["信息或示例代码不正确","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["没有我需要的信息/示例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻译问题","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最后更新时间 (UTC)：2023-11-13。"],[[["\u003cp\u003eThis document focuses on networking architectures for delivering internet-facing applications in Google Cloud, covering migration from on-premises environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eGoogle Cloud offers managed services like external Application Load Balancers, Cloud CDN, and Cloud Armor to scale and secure internet-facing applications, replacing self-managed network virtual appliances.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eHybrid services architectures can be implemented, allowing the use of Google's global network for DNS and load balancing while connecting to services hosted on-premises or in other clouds.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe document covers various approaches to load balancing, including HTTP/HTTPS Application Load Balancers, proxy Network Load Balancers, and passthrough Network Load Balancers, each with specific use cases.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eZero Trust Distributed Architecture is discussed, detailing how external Application Load Balancers can integrate with Cloud Service Mesh for secure, multi-cluster application delivery.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Networking for internet-facing application delivery: Reference architectures\n\nThis document is part of a series that describes networking and security\narchitectures for enterprises that are migrating data center workloads to\nGoogle Cloud.\n\nThe series consists of the following documents:\n\n- [Designing networks for migrating enterprise workloads: Architectural approaches](/architecture/network-architecture)\n- [Networking for secure intra-cloud access: Reference architectures](/architecture/network-secure-intra-cloud-access)\n- Networking for internet-facing application delivery: Reference architectures (this document)\n- [Networking for hybrid and multi-cloud workloads: Reference architectures](/architecture/network-hybrid-multicloud)\n\nGoogle offers a set of products and capabilities that help secure\nand scale your most critical internet-facing applications. Figure 1 shows an\narchitecture that uses Google Cloud services to deploy a web application\nwith multiple tiers.\n\n**Figure 1**. Typical multi-tier web application deployed on Google Cloud.\n| **Note:** You need to consider limitations of using Application Load Balancers. For more information, see the [Limitations](/load-balancing/docs/https#limitations) section in the \"External Application Load Balancer overview\" documentation.\n\nLift-and-shift architecture\n---------------------------\n\nAs internet-facing applications move to the cloud, they must be able to scale,\nand they must have security controls and visibility that are equivalent to those\ncontrols in the on-premises environment. You can provide these controls by using\nnetwork virtual appliances that are available in the marketplace.\n\n**Figure 2**. Application deployed with an appliance-based external load\nbalancer.\n\nThese virtual appliances provide functionality and visibility that is\nconsistent with your on-premises environments. When you use a network virtual\nappliance, you deploy the software appliance image by using autoscaled managed\ninstance groups. It's up to you to monitor and manage the health of the VM\ninstances that run the appliance, and you also maintain software updates for the\nappliance.\n\nAfter you perform your initial shift, you might want to\ntransition from self-managed network virtual appliances to managed services.\nGoogle Cloud offers a number of managed services to\ndeliver applications at scale.\n\nFigure 2 shows a network virtual appliance configured as the frontend\nof a web tier application. For a list of partner ecosystem solutions, see the\n[Google Cloud Marketplace](https://console.cloud.google.com/marketplace/browse?filter=category:networking)\npage in the Google Cloud console.\n\nHybrid services architecture\n----------------------------\n\nGoogle Cloud offers the following approaches to manage\ninternet-facing applications at scale:\n\n- Use Google's global network of anycast DNS name servers that provide high availability and low latency to translate requests for domain names into IP addresses.\n- Use Google's global fleet of external Application Load Balancers to route traffic to an application that's hosted inside Google Cloud, hosted on-premises, or hosted on another public cloud. These load balancers scale automatically with your traffic and ensure that each request is directed to a healthy backend. By setting up [hybrid connectivity network endpoint groups](/load-balancing/docs/negs/hybrid-neg-concepts), you can bring the benefits of external Application Load Balancer networking capabilities to services that are running on your existing infrastructure outside of Google Cloud. The on-premises network or the other public cloud networks are privately connected to your Google Cloud network through a VPN tunnel or through Cloud Interconnect.\n- Use other network edge services such as Cloud CDN to distribute\n content, Google Cloud Armor to protect your content, and\n Identity-Aware Proxy (IAP) to control access to your services.\n\n Figure 3 shows hybrid connectivity that uses external Application Load Balancer.\n\n **Figure 3**. Hybrid connectivity configuration using external Application Load Balancer and\n network edge services.\n\n Figure 4 shows a different connectivity option---using hybrid\n connectivity network endpoint groups.\n\n **Figure 4**. External Application Load Balancer configuration using hybrid\n connectivity network endpoint groups.\n- Use a Application Load Balancer (HTTP/HTTPS) to route requests based on\n their attributes, such as the HTTP uniform resource identifier (URI).\n Use a proxy Network Load Balancer to implement TLS offload, TCP proxy, or support for\n external load balancing to backends in multiple [regions](/docs/geography-and-regions#regions_and_zones).\n Use a passthrough Network Load Balancer to preserve client source IP addresses, avoid the\n overhead of proxies, and to support additional protocols like UDP, ESP, and\n ICMP.\n\n- Protect your service with\n [Cloud Armor](/armor).\n This product is an edge DDoS defense and WAF security product that's\n available to all services that are accessed through load balancers.\n\n- Use\n [Google-managed SSL certificates](/load-balancing/docs/ssl-certificates/google-managed-certs).\n You can reuse certificates and private keys that you already use for other\n Google Cloud products. This eliminates the need to manage separate\n certificates.\n\n- Enable caching on your application to take advantage of the distributed\n application delivery footprint of Cloud CDN.\n\n- Use [Cloud Next Generation Firewall](/vpc/docs/firewalls) to inspect and filter traffic in your VPC networks.\n\n- Use Cloud IDS to detect threats in north-south traffic, as\n shown in figure 6.\n\n **Figure 6**. Cloud IDS configuration to mirror and inspect\n all internet and internal traffic.\n\nZero Trust Distributed Architecture\n-----------------------------------\n\nYou can expand Zero Trust Distributed Architecture to include application\ndelivery from the internet. In this model, the Google external Application Load Balancer provides\nglobal load balancing across GKE clusters that have\nCloud Service Mesh meshes in distinct clusters. For this scenario, you adopt a\ncomposite ingress model. The first-tier load balancer provides cluster\nselection, and then a Cloud Service Mesh-managed ingress gateway provides\ncluster-specific load balancing and ingress security. An example of this\nmulti-cluster ingress is the\n[Cymbal Bank reference architecture](/architecture/blueprints/enterprise-application-blueprint/cymbal-bank)\nas described in the enterprise application blueprint. For more information about\nCloud Service Mesh edge ingress, see\n[From edge to mesh: Exposing service mesh applications through GKE Ingress](/architecture/exposing-service-mesh-apps-through-gke-ingress).\n\nFigure 7 shows a configuration in which a external Application Load Balancer directs\ntraffic from\nthe [internet to the service mesh](/architecture/exposing-service-mesh-apps-through-gke-ingress)\nthrough an\n[ingress gateway](/architecture/exposing-service-mesh-apps-through-gke-ingress).\nThe gateway is a dedicated proxy in the service mesh.\n\n**Figure 7**. Application delivery in a zero-trust microservices environment.\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Networking for secure intra-cloud access: Reference architectures](/architecture/network-secure-intra-cloud-access).\n- [Networking for hybrid and multi-cloud workloads: Reference architectures](/architecture/network-hybrid-multicloud).\n- [Use Cloud Armor, load balancing, and Cloud CDN to deploy programmable global front ends](/architecture/deploy-programmable-gfe-cloud-armor-lb-cdn)\n- [Migration to Google Cloud](/solutions/migration-to-gcp-getting-started) can help you to plan, design, and implement the process of migrating your workloads to Google Cloud.\n- [Landing zone design in Google Cloud](/architecture/landing-zones) has guidance for creating a landing zone network.\n- For more reference architectures, diagrams, and best practices, explore the [Cloud Architecture Center](/architecture)."]]
