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Criar e gerenciar visualizações materializadas contínuas
Neste documento, descrevemos como criar e realizar operações em uma visualização materializada contínua no Bigtable. Antes de ler este documento, confira a visão geral em Visualizações materializadas contínuas.
É possível criar uma visualização materializada contínua usando a Google Cloud CLI, o
editor de consultas do Bigtable Studio no console Google Cloud ou as
bibliotecas de cliente do Bigtable para Java e Go.
Antes de começar
Siga estas etapas se você planeja usar a CLI gcloud.
Para inicializar a CLI gcloud, execute o seguinte comando:
gcloudinit
Funções exigidas
Para receber as permissões necessárias para criar e gerenciar visualizações materializadas
contínuas, peça ao administrador para conceder a você o papel de
Administrador do Bigtable (roles/bigtable.admin) na instância.
Caso contrário, peça as seguintes permissões no nível da instância, dependendo da operação que você quer realizar:
Criar: bigtable.materializedViews.create
Atualizar: bigtable.materializedViews.update
Excluir: bigtable.materializedViews.delete
Lista: bigtable.materializedViews.list
Para criar uma visualização materializada contínua, você também precisa ter pelo menos a permissão bigtable.tables.readRows na tabela de origem.
Antes de criar uma visualização materializada contínua, faça o seguinte:
Opcional: como prática recomendada, ative o escalonamento automático para clusters na sua instância. Assim, eles poderão ser escalonar verticalmente, se necessário, enquanto o Bigtable processa e sincroniza a visualização materializada contínua e lida com qualquer uso de armazenamento adicional.
Identifique uma tabela do Bigtable que você tenha permissão para ler e usar como origem da visualização materializada contínua.
Depois de criar uma visualização materializada contínua, ela pode levar alguns minutos para
ficar ativa e pronta para consultas. Consulte as métricas da visualização para monitorar o progresso.
Console
Abra a lista de instâncias do Bigtable no console Google Cloud .
VIEW: um identificador exclusivo da
visualização materializada contínua. Use esse ID como o ID da tabela ao consultar a visualização materializada contínua.
INSTANCE: o identificador da instância em que a visualização materializada contínua será criada. Precisa ser a mesma instância da tabela de origem.
QUERY: uma instrução SQL válida que define a
visualização materializada contínua.
Opcional: para ativar a proteção contra exclusão da visualização materializada contínua, adicione o seguinte ao
comando:
--deletion-protection=DELETION_PROTECTION
Substitua DELETION_PROTECTION por true ou false.
Atualizar uma visualização materializada contínua
É possível atualizar a proteção contra exclusão de uma visualização materializada contínua. Não é possível
atualizar a consulta SQL que define uma visualização materializada contínua. Se você precisar
modificar a consulta, exclua a visualização materializada contínua e
crie uma nova que inclua suas mudanças.
Console
Não é possível atualizar uma visualização materializada contínua no console.
Em vez disso, use a CLI gcloud.
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-09-03 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Create and manage continuous materialized views\n===============================================\n\n|\n| **Preview**\n|\n|\n| This product or feature is subject to the \"Pre-GA Offerings Terms\" in the General Service Terms section\n| of the [Service Specific Terms](/terms/service-terms#1).\n|\n| Pre-GA products and features are available \"as is\" and might have limited support.\n|\n| For more information, see the\n| [launch stage descriptions](/products#product-launch-stages).\n\nThis document describes how to create and perform operations on a continuous\nmaterialized view in Bigtable. Before you read this document, read the\noverview at [Continuous materialized views](/bigtable/docs/materialized-views).\n\nYou can create a continuous materialized view using the Google Cloud CLI, the\nBigtable Studio query editor in the Google Cloud console, or the\nBigtable client libraries for Java and Go.\n\nBefore you begin\n----------------\n\nTake the following steps if you plan to use the gcloud CLI.\n\n1.\n [Install](/sdk/docs/install) the Google Cloud CLI.\n\n | **Note:** If you installed the gcloud CLI previously, make sure you have the latest version by running `gcloud components update`.\n2. If you're using an external identity provider (IdP), you must first\n [sign in to the gcloud CLI with your federated identity](/iam/docs/workforce-log-in-gcloud).\n\n3.\n To [initialize](/sdk/docs/initializing) the gcloud CLI, run the following command:\n\n ```bash\n gcloud init\n ```\n | **Note:** You can run the gcloud CLI in the Google Cloud console without installing the Google Cloud CLI. To run the gcloud CLI in the Google Cloud console, [use\n | Cloud Shell](https://console.cloud.google.com/?cloudshell=true).\n\n\u003cbr /\u003e\n\n| **Note:** If the gcloud CLI returns a `Method not found` message, run the [`gcloud auth login`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/auth/login) command again.\n\n### Required roles\n\nTo get the permissions that you need to create and manage continuous\nmaterialized views, ask your administrator to grant you the\nBigtable Admin (`roles/bigtable.admin`) role on the instance.\nOtherwise, ask for the following permissions at the instance level, depending on\nthe operation that you want to perform:\n\n- Create: `bigtable.materializedViews.create`\n- Update: `bigtable.materializedViews.update`\n- Delete: `bigtable.materializedViews.delete`\n- List: `bigtable.materializedViews.list`\n\nTo create a continuous materialized view, you must also have at least\n`bigtable.tables.readRows` permission on the source table.\n\nTo see all available roles and permissions, see\n[Bigtable access control with IAM](/bigtable/docs/access-control).\n\nCreate a continuous materialized view\n-------------------------------------\n\nBefore you create a continuous materialized view, do the following:\n\n- Optional: As a best practice, enable [autoscaling](/bigtable/docs/autoscaling) for clusters in your instance to make sure they can scale up if necessary while Bigtable processes and synchronizes the continuous materialized view and to handle any additional [storage usage](/bigtable/docs/continuous%0Amaterialized-views#storage).\n- Identify a Bigtable table that you have permission to read to use as the source for the continuous materialized view.\n- Prepare the SQL query that defines your continuous materialized view. For query requirements, see [Continuous materialized view\n queries](/bigtable/docs/continuous-materialized-view-queries).\n\nAfter you create a continuous materialized view, it might take a few minutes to\nbecome active and queryable. You can look at\n[metrics](/bigtable/docs/continuous-materialized-views#metrics)\nfor the view to monitor its progress. \n\n### Console\n\n1.\n Open the list of Bigtable instances in the Google Cloud console.\n\n\n [Open the instance list](https://console.cloud.google.com/bigtable/instances)\n2. Select an instance.\n\n3. In the navigation pane, click **Bigtable Studio**.\n\n4. Open a new tab by clicking add and\n then choosing **Editor**.\n\n 1. When the query editor appears, write your query. If the query is\n valid SQL, a **Valid** message is displayed.\n\n 2. Optional: To format your statement in SQL style, click **Format**.\n\n 3. Click **Run** . The results of your query appear in the **Results** table.\n\n 4. When you're satisfied with the query, click **Save** and then choose\n **Materialized view**.\n\n For more information about using the query editor, see [Manage your\n data using Bigtable\n Studio](/bigtable/docs/manage-data-using-console).\n\n### gcloud\n\nTo create a continuous materialized view, use the\n[`gcloud beta bigtable materialized-views create`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/bigtable/materialized-views/create)\ncommand: \n\n gcloud beta bigtable materialized-views create \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVIEW\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --instance=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e --query=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eQUERY\u003c/var\u003e\n\nReplace the following:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVIEW\u003c/var\u003e: a unique identifier for the continuous materialized view. You use this ID as the table ID when querying the continuous materialized view.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e: the identifier of the instance to create the continuous materialized view in. Must be the same instance as the source table.\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eQUERY\u003c/var\u003e: a valid SQL statement that defines the continuous materialized view.\n\nOptional: to enable deletion protection for the continuous materialized view, append the\ncommand with the following: \n\n --deletion-protection=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDELETION_PROTECTION\u003c/var\u003e\n\nReplace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDELETION_PROTECTION\u003c/var\u003e with either `true` or\n`false`.\n\nUpdate a continuous materialized view\n-------------------------------------\n\nYou can update deletion protection for a continuous materialized view. You can't\nupdate the SQL query that defines a continuous materialized view; if you need to\nmodify the query, you must delete the continuous materialized view and then\ncreate a new one that includes your changes. \n\n### Console\n\nYou can't update a continuous materialized view in the console.\nUse the gcloud CLI instead.\n\n### gcloud\n\nTo enable or disable deletion protection for a continuous materialized view, use\nthe [`gcloud beta bigtable materialized-views update command`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/bigtable/materialized-views/update) command. \n\n gcloud beta bigtable materialized-views update \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVIEW\u003c/var\u003e \\\n ---instance=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e --deletion-protection=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDELETION_PROTECTION\u003c/var\u003e\n\nReplace the following:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVIEW\u003c/var\u003e: the unique identifier for the continuous materialized view that you want to update\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e: the identifier of the instance containing the continuous materialized view\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eDELETION_PROTECTION\u003c/var\u003e: either `true` or `false`\n\nDelete a continuous materialized view\n-------------------------------------\n\nYou can delete a continuous materialized view that doesn't have deletion protection\nenabled. You can't undo this operation. \n\n### Console\n\n1.\n Open the list of Bigtable instances in the Google Cloud console.\n\n\n [Open the instance list](https://console.cloud.google.com/bigtable/instances)\n2. Select an instance from the list.\n\n3. In the navigation pane, click **Bigtable Studio**.\n\n4. Expand **Materialized views**.\n\n5. Next to the view that you want to delete, click the\n more_vert action menu,\n and then click **Delete**.\n\n### gcloud\n\nTo delete a continuous materialized view, use the\n[`gcloud beta bigtable materialized-views delete`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/bigtable/materialized-views/delete)\ncommand: \n\n gcloud beta bigtable materialized-views delete \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVIEW\u003c/var\u003e \\\n --instance=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e\n\nReplace the following:\n\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eVIEW\u003c/var\u003e: the unique identifier for the continuous materialized view that you want to delete\n- \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e: the identifier of the instance containing the continuous materialized view\n\nGet a list of continuous materialized views\n-------------------------------------------\n\nYou can see a list of continuous materialized views for an instance. \n\n### Console\n\n1.\n Open the list of Bigtable instances in the Google Cloud console.\n\n\n [Open the instance list](https://console.cloud.google.com/bigtable/instances)\n2. Select an instance from the list.\n\n3. In the navigation pane, click **Bigtable Studio.** A list of\n continuous materialized views is displayed.\n\n4. Optional: The first 10 views in the instance are listed. To see 10 more,\n click **Show more**.\n\n### gcloud\n\nTo list all continuous materialized views for an instance, use the\n[`gcloud bigtable materialized-views list`](/sdk/gcloud/reference/beta/bigtable/materialized-views/list) command. \n\n gcloud bigtable materialized-views list --instance=\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e\n\nReplace \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eINSTANCE\u003c/var\u003e with the instance ID.\n\nWhat's next\n-----------\n\n- [Continuous materialized view queries](/bigtable/docs/continuous-materialized-view-queries)\n- [Tables and views](/bigtable/docs/tables-and-views)"]]
