Redshift

The Redshift connector lets you perform insert, delete, update, and read operations on Redshift database.

Before you begin

Before using the Redshift connector, do the following tasks:

In your Google Cloud project:
- Ensure that network connectivity is set up. For information about network patterns, see Network connectivity.
- Grant the roles/connectors.admin IAM role to the user configuring the connector.
- Grant the following IAM roles to the service account that you want to use for the connector:
  - roles/secretmanager.viewer
  - roles/secretmanager.secretAccessor
  A service account is a special type of Google account intended to represent a non-human user that needs to authenticate and be authorized to access data in Google APIs. If you don't have a service account, you must create a service account. For more information, see Creating a service account.
- Enable the following services:
  - secretmanager.googleapis.com (Secret Manager API)
  - connectors.googleapis.com (Connectors API)
  To understand how to enable services, see Enabling services.
If these services or permissions have not been enabled for your project previously, you are prompted to enable them when configuring the connector.

To create a Redshift cluster, see Quickstart with Redshift, and Amazon Redshift cluster creation. For more information about creating Redshift database, see Redshift database creation.
To set up a Redshift instance, see Setup Redshift. For more information about Redshift, see Redshift platform overview.

Configure the connector

Configuring the connector requires you to create a connection to your data source (backend system). A connection is specific to a data source. It means that if you have many data sources, you must create a separate connection for each data source. To create a connection, do the following steps:

In the Cloud console, go to the Integration Connectors > Connections page and then select or create a Google Cloud project.
Go to the Connections page
Click + CREATE NEW to open the Create Connection page.
In the Location section, choose the location for the connection.
1. Region: Select a location from the drop-down list.
  For the list of all the supported regions, see Locations.
2. Click NEXT.
In the Connection Details section, complete the following:
1. Connector: Select Redshift from the drop down list of available Connectors.
2. Connector version: Select the Connector version from the drop down list of available versions.
3. In the Connection Name field, enter a name for the Connection instance.
  Connection names must meet the following criteria:
  - Connection names can use letters, numbers, or hyphens.
  - Letters must be lower-case.
  - Connection names must begin with a letter and end with a letter or number.
  - Connection names cannot exceed 49 characters.
4. Optionally, enter a Description for the connection instance.
5. Optionally, enable Cloud logging, and then select a log level. By default, the log level is set to Error.
6. Service Account: Select a service account that has the required roles.
7. Optionally, configure the Connection node settings:
  - Minimum number of nodes: Enter the minimum number of connection nodes.
  - Maximum number of nodes: Enter the maximum number of connection nodes.
  A node is a unit (or replica) of a connection that processes transactions. More nodes are required to process more transactions for a connection and conversely, fewer nodes are required to process fewer transactions. To understand how the nodes affect your connector pricing, see Pricing for connection nodes. If you don't enter any values, by default the minimum nodes are set to 2 (for better availability) and the maximum nodes are set to 50.
8. Database: The name of the Amazon Redshift database.
9. Auto Create: Specify true to create a database user with the name specified for User if one does not exist while connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .
10. Db Groups: A comma-delimited list of the names of one or more existing database groups the database user joins for the current session when connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .
11. BrowsableSchemas: This property restricts the schemas reported to a subset of the available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC.
12. Ignored Schemas: Visibility restriction filter which is used to hide the list of schemas by metadata quering. For example, 'information_schema, pg_catalog'. Schema names are case sensitive.
13. Include Table Types: If set to true, the provider will query for the types of individual tables and views.
14. Strip Out Nulls: When set the null characters are stripped out from character values in bulk operations.
15. Visibility: Visibility restrictions used to filter exposed metadata for tables with privileges granted to them for current user. For example 'SELECT,INSERT' filter is restricting metatdata visibility only for those tables which may be accessed by current user for SELECT and INSERT operations. Supported privilege values are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES.
16. Use proxy: Select this checkbox to configure a proxy server for the connection and configure the following values:
17. Optionally, click + ADD LABEL to add a label to the Connection in the form of a key/value pair.
18. Click NEXT.
In the Destinations section, enter details of the remote host (backend system) you want to connect to.
1. Destination Type: Select a Destination Type.
  - Select Host address from the list to specify the hostname or IP address of the destination.
  - If you want to establish a private connection to your backend systems, select Endpoint attachment from the list, and then select the required endpoint attachment from the Endpoint Attachment list.
    Note: To understand how to create an endpoint attachment, see PSC service attachment and endpoint attachment. After you have created the endpoint attachment, it will be visible in the Endpoint Attachment list.
  If you want to establish a public connection to your backend systems with additional security, you can consider configuring static outbound IP addresses for your connections, and then configure your firewall rules to allowlist only the specific static IP addresses.
  
  To enter additional destinations, click +ADD DESTINATION.
2. Click NEXT.
In the Authentication section, enter the authentication details.
1. Select an Authentication type and enter the relevant details.
  The following authentication types are supported by the Redshift connection:
  - Username and password
2. Click NEXT.
Review: Review your connection and authentication details.
Click Create.

Configure authentication

Enter the details based on the authentication you want to use.

Username and password
- Username: Username for connector
- Password: Secret Manager Secret containing the password associated with the connector.

Connection configuration samples

This section lists the sample values for the various fields that you configure when creating the Redshift connection.

Basic authentication connection type

The following table lists the sample values for the various fields that you configure when creating the Redshift connection.

Field	Sample value
Region	us-central1
Connector	Redshift Connector
Connector Version	1
Connector Name	google-cloud-redshiftdb-basicauth-conn
Service Account	SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com
Database	dev
BrowsableSchemas	public,test
Db Groups	NA
Strip Out Nulls	Yes
Visibility	SELECT,INSERT
Minimum number of nodes	02
Maximum number of nodes	50
Host Address	redshift-cluster-xxx-integration.HOST_NAME.us-east-1.redshift.amazonaws.com
Authentication	User Password
Username	USERNAME
Password	PASSWORD
Version	1

Entities, operations, and actions

All the Integration Connectors provide a layer of abstraction for the objects of the connected application. You can access an application's objects only through this abstraction. The abstraction is exposed to you as entities, operations, and actions.

Entity: An entity can be thought of as an object, or a collection of properties, in the connected application or service. The definition of an entity differs from a connector to a connector. For example, in a database connector, tables are the entities, in a file server connector, folders are the entities, and in a messaging system connector, queues are the entities.
However, it is possible that a connector doesn't support or have any entities, in which case the Entities list will be empty.
Operation: An operation is the activity that you can perform on an entity. You can perform any of the following operations on an entity:
- List
- Get
- Create
- Update
- Delete
Selecting an entity from the available list, generates a list of operations available for the entity. For a detailed description of the operations, see the Connectors task's entity operations. However, if a connector doesn't support any of the entity operations, such unsupported operations aren't listed in the Operations list.
Action: An action is a first class function that is made available to the integration through the connector interface. An action lets you make changes to an entity or entities, and vary from connector to connector. Normally, an action will have some input parameters, and an output parameter. However, it is possible that a connector doesn't support any action, in which case the Actions list will be empty.

System limitations

The Redshift connector can process 3 transaction per second, per node, and throttles any transactions beyond this limit. By default, Integration Connectors allocates 2 nodes (for better availability) for a connection.

For information on the limits applicable to Integration Connectors, see Limits.

Note: The number of Integration Connectors nodes will autoscale dynamically based on your usage. However, if you want to reserve capacity for large volumes without waiting for autoscaling, you can adjust the minimum node value for a connection. More nodes are required to process more transactions for a connection. Conversely, fewer nodes are required if a connection processes fewer transactions. To configure the node values, do the following:

If you are a pay-as-you-go customer, configure the minimum and maximum node value in the edit connection page.
If you are a subscription based customer, contact support.

The maximum transactions that a node can handle depends on various factors. So, before adjusting the minimum nodes for better throughput, it is recommended you check if your backend systems are set up optimally to handle the required traffic.

Action examples

Example - Find the greater value

This example shows how to execute a user-defined function. The find_greater function in this example, compares two integers and returns the integer which is greater.

In the Configure connector task dialog, click Actions.
Select the find_greater action, and then click Done.
In the Task Input section of the Connectors task, click connectorInputPayload and then enter a value similar to the following in the Default Value field:
```
{
"$1": 1.0,
"$2": 5.0
}
```

If the action execution is successful, the connector task's connectorOutputPayload field will have a value similar to the following:

[{
"bignum": 5.0
}]

Entity operation examples

Example - List records of an entity

This example lists the records of the Users entity.

In the Configure connector task dialog, click Entities.
Select Users from the Entity list.
Select the List operation, and then click Done.
In the Task Input section of the Connectors task, you can set the filterClause as per your requirement.

For example, setting the filter clause to employeeCode='5100' and startDate='2010-01-01 00:00:00', lists only those records whose employeeCode is 5100 and startDate is 2010-01-01 00:00:00.

Example - Get a single record from an entity

This example fetches a record from the Users entity.

In the Configure connector task dialog, click Entities.
Select User from the Entity list.
Select the Get operation, and then click Done.
In the Task Input section of the Connectors task, click entityId and then enter 103032 in the Default Value field.
Here, 103032 is the primary key value of the Users entity.

Example - Delete a record from an entity

This example deletes a record from the Users entity.

In the Configure connector task dialog, click Entities.
Select Users from the Entity list.
Select the Delete operation, and then click Done.
In the Task Input section of the Connectors task, click entityId and then enter 113132 in the Default Value field.
Alternately, if the entity has composite primary keys instead of specifying the entityId, you can set the filterClause. For example, employeeCode='5100' and startDate='2010-01-01 00:00:00'.

Example - Create a record in an entity

This example creates a record in the Users entity.

In the Configure connector task dialog, click Entities.
Select Users from the Entity list.
Select the Create operation, and then click Done.
In the Task Input section of the Connectors task, click connectorInputPayload and then enter a value similar to the following in the Default Value field:
```
{
"employeeCode": "5100",
"startDate": "2010-01-01 00:00:00.0",
"country": "US"
}
```

If the integration is successful, the connector task's connectorOutputPayload field will have the response of the create operation.

Example - Update a record in an entity

This example updates a record in the Users entity.

In the Configure connector task dialog, click Entities.
Select Users from the Entity list.
Select the Update operation, and then click Done.
In the Task Input section of the Connectors task, click connectorInputPayload and then enter a value similar to the following in the Default Value field:
```
{
"country": "IN"
}
```
In the Task Input section of the Connectors task, click entityId and then enter 113132 in the Default Value field.
Alternately, if the entity has composite primary keys instead of specifying the entityId, you can set the filterClause. For example, employeeCode='5100' and startDate='2010-01-01 00:00:00'.

If the integration is successful, the connector task's connectorOutputPayload field will have the response of the update operation.

Use terraform to create connections

You can use the Terraform resource to create a new connection.

To learn how to apply or remove a Terraform configuration, see Basic Terraform commands.

To view a sample terraform template for connection creation, see sample template.

When creating this connection by using Terraform, you must set the following variables in your Terraform configuration file:

Parameter name	Data type	Required	Description
database	STRING	True	The name of the Amazon Redshift database.
browsable_schemas	STRING	False	This property restricts the schemas reported to a subset of the available schemas. For example, BrowsableSchemas=SchemaA,SchemaB,SchemaC.
db_groups	STRING	False	A comma-delimited list of the names of one or more existing database groups the database user joins for the current session when connecting with IAM credentials. See AuthScheme .
ignored_schemas	STRING	False	Visibility restriction filter which is used to hide the list of schemas by metadata quering. For example, 'information_schema, pg_catalog'. Schema names are case sensitive.
include_table_types	BOOLEAN	False	If set to true, the provider will query for the types of individual tables and views.
strip_out_nulls	BOOLEAN	False	When set the null characters are stripped out from character values in bulk operations.
visibility	STRING	False	Visibility restrictions used to filter exposed metadata for tables with privileges granted to them for current user. For example 'SELECT,INSERT' filter is restricting metatdata visibility only for those tables which may be accessed by current user for SELECT and INSERT operations. Supported privilege values are SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, REFERENCES.

Use the Redshift connection in an integration

After you create the connection, it becomes available in both Apigee Integration and Application Integration. You can use the connection in an integration through the Connectors task.

To understand how to create and use the Connectors task in Apigee Integration, see Connectors task.
To understand how to create and use the Connectors task in Application Integration, see Connectors task.

Get help from the Google Cloud community

You can post your questions and discuss this connector in the Google Cloud community at Cloud Forums.

What's next

Understand how to suspend and resume a connection.
Understand how to monitor connector usage.
Understand how to view connector logs.