Cloud Composer 1 is in the post-maintenance mode. Google does not release any further updates to Cloud Composer 1, including new versions of Airflow, bugfixes, and security updates. We recommend planning migration to Cloud Composer 2.

Configure private IP networking

Cloud Composer 1 | Cloud Composer 2 | Cloud Composer 3

This page provides information about configuring your Google Cloud project networking for Private IP environments.

For Private IP environments, Cloud Composer assigns only private IP (RFC 1918) addresses to the managed Google Kubernetes Engine and Cloud SQL VMs in your environment.

As an option, you can also use privately used public IP addresses and the IP Masquerade agent to save the IP address space and to use non-RFC 1918 addresses.

For information about connecting to resources in your environment, see Private IP.

Environments with Private Service Connect and VPC peerings

By default, Cloud Composer 2 uses Private Service Connect, so that your private IP environments communicate internally without the use of VPC peerings, unless you specify otherwise when you create your environment.

We recommend using environments with Private Service Connect if you do not have a specific requirement to use environments with VPC peerings.

Before you begin

Make sure that you have the appropriate user and service account permissions to create an environment.
Check that Incompatible organization policies are not defined in your project.

Check network requirements

Verify that your project's VPC network meets the following requirements:

Make sure that there are no private IP block conflicts. If your VPC network and its established VPC peers have overlapping IP blocks with the VPC network in the Google-managed tenant project, Cloud Composer cannot create your environment. See the default IP ranges table for the defaults used in each region.
Make sure that there are sufficient secondary IP ranges for the Cloud Composer GKE pods and services. GKE searches for secondary IP ranges for IP Aliasing. If GKE cannot find a range, Cloud Composer cannot create your environment.
Make sure that the number of secondary ranges in your subnetwork does not exceed 30. Consider the following:
- The GKE cluster for your Private IP environment creates two secondary ranges in the subnetwork. You can create multiple subnetworks in the same region for the same VPC network.
- The maximum number of supported secondary ranges is 30. Each Private IP environment requires two secondary ranges for the Cloud Composer GKE pods and services.
Make sure that your project's network can accommodate the limit on the maximum number of connections to a single VPC network. The maximum number of Private IP environments you can create depends on the number of already existing VPC peering connections in your VPC network.
- Each Private IP environment with PSC uses one VPC peering per environment. This VPC peering is created by the GKE cluster of your environment, and GKE clusters can reuse this connection. For Private IP environments with PSC, each location can support a maximum of 75 private clusters.
- Each Private IP environment with VPC peerings uses at most two VPC peerings per environment. Cloud Composer creates one VPC peering for the tenant project network. The second peering is created by the GKE cluster of your environment, and GKE clusters can reuse this connection.

Choose a network, subnetwork, and network ranges

Choose the network ranges for your Private IP environment (or use the default ones). You use these network ranges later when you create a Private IP environment.

To create a Private IP environment, you need to have the following information:

Your VPC network ID
Your VPC subnetwork ID
Two secondary IP ranges in your VPC subnetwork:
- Secondary IP range for pods
- Secondary IP range for services
IP ranges for the components of the environment:

If your environment uses Private Service Connect:
- GKE Control Plane IP range. IP range for the GKE control plane.
  
  If you specify the GKE Plane IP range for an environment, GKE creates a new subnetwork in this range to provision the IP address for communication with the GKE Control Plane. Otherwise, it uses the subnetwork specified in the Cloud Composer connection subnetwork range.
- Cloud Composer connection subnetwork. IP range for the Cloud Composer connection subnetwork. You can specify a range of only two IP addresses. This range can be used by multiple environments in your project. By default, this range is the environment's subnetwork (VPC subnetwork ID).
If your environment uses VPC peerings:
- GKE Control Plane IP range. IP range for the GKE control plane.
- IP range for Cloud Composer tenant network. IP range for the Cloud Composer tenant network. This network hosts the SQL proxy component of your environment.
- Cloud SQL IP range. IP range for the Cloud SQL instance.
  
  Caution: The 172.17.0.0/16 range is reserved in Cloud SQL.

See the default IP ranges table for the defaults used in each region.

Default IP ranges

Environments with Private Service Connect

Region	GKE control plane IP range
africa-south1	172.16.64.0/23
asia-east1	172.16.42.0/23
asia-east2	172.16.0.0/23
asia-northeast1	172.16.2.0/23
asia-northeast2	172.16.32.0/23
asia-northeast3	172.16.30.0/23
asia-south1	172.16.4.0/23
asia-south2	172.16.50.0/23
asia-southeast1	172.16.40.0/23
asia-southeast2	172.16.44.0/23
australia-southeast1	172.16.6.0/23
australia-southeast2	172.16.56.0/23
europe-central2	172.16.36.0/23
europe-north1	172.16.48.0/23
europe-southwest1	172.16.58.0/23
europe-west1	172.16.8.0/23
europe-west10	172.16.62.0/23
europe-west12	172.16.62.0/23
europe-west2	172.16.10.0/23
europe-west3	172.16.12.0/23
europe-west4	172.16.42.0/23
europe-west6	172.16.14.0/23
europe-west8	172.16.60.0/23
europe-west9	172.16.46.0/23
me-central1	172.16.58.0/23
me-west1	172.16.54.0/23
northamerica-northeast1	172.16.16.0/23
northamerica-northeast2	172.16.46.0/23
southamerica-east1	172.16.18.0/23
southamerica-west1	172.16.58.0/23
us-central1	172.16.20.0/23
us-east1	172.16.22.0/23
us-east4	172.16.24.0/23
us-east5	172.16.52.0/23
us-south1	172.16.56.0/23
us-west1	172.16.38.0/23
us-west2	172.16.34.0/23
us-west3	172.16.26.0/23
us-west4	172.16.28.0/23

Environments with VPC peerings

Region	GKE control plane IP range	Cloud Composer tenant network IP range	Cloud SQL IP range
africa-south1	172.16.64.0/23	172.31.223.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-east1	172.16.42.0/23	172.31.255.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-east2	172.16.0.0/23	172.31.255.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-northeast1	172.16.2.0/23	172.31.254.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-northeast2	172.16.32.0/23	172.31.239.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-northeast3	172.16.30.0/23	172.31.240.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-south1	172.16.4.0/23	172.31.253.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-south2	172.16.50.0/23	172.31.230.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-southeast1	172.16.40.0/23	172.31.235.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
asia-southeast2	172.16.44.0/23	172.31.233.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
australia-southeast1	172.16.6.0/23	172.31.252.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
australia-southeast2	172.16.56.0/23	172.31.227.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-central2	172.16.36.0/23	172.31.237.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-north1	172.16.48.0/23	172.31.231.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-southwest1	172.16.58.0/23	172.31.226.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west1	172.16.8.0/23	172.31.251.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west10	172.16.62.0/23	172.31.224.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west12	172.16.62.0/23	172.31.224.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west2	172.16.10.0/23	172.31.250.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west3	172.16.12.0/23	172.31.249.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west4	172.16.42.0/23	172.31.234.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west6	172.16.14.0/23	172.31.248.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west8	172.16.60.0/23	172.31.225.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
europe-west9	172.16.46.0/23	172.31.232.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
me-central1	172.16.58.0/23	172.31.226.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
me-west1	172.16.54.0/23	172.31.228.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
northamerica-northeast1	172.16.16.0/23	172.31.247.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
northamerica-northeast2	172.16.46.0/23	172.31.232.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
southamerica-east1	172.16.18.0/23	172.31.246.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
southamerica-west1	172.16.58.0/23	172.31.226.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-central1	172.16.20.0/23	172.31.245.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-east1	172.16.22.0/23	172.31.244.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-east4	172.16.24.0/23	172.31.243.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-east5	172.16.52.0/23	172.31.229.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-south1	172.16.56.0/23	172.31.227.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-west1	172.16.38.0/23	172.31.236.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-west2	172.16.34.0/23	172.31.238.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-west3	172.16.26.0/23	172.31.242.0/24	10.0.0.0/12
us-west4	172.16.28.0/23	172.31.241.0/24	10.0.0.0/12

(Optional) Configure connectivity to Google APIs and services

As an option, you might want to route all traffic to Google APIs and services through several IP addresses that belong to the private.googleapis.com domain. In this configuration, your environment accesses Google APIs and services through IP addresses only routable from within Google Cloud.

If your Private IP environment also uses VPC Service Controls, use instructions for environments with VPC Service Controls instead.

Cloud Composer environments use the following domains:

*.googleapis.com is used to access other Google services.
*.composer.cloud.google.com is used to make the Airflow web server of your environment accessible. This rule must be applied before you create an environment.
- As an alternative, you can create a rule for a specific region. To do so, use REGION.composer.cloud.google.com. Replace REGION with the region where the environment is located, for example, us-central1.
(Optional) *.composer.googleusercontent.com is used when accessing the Airflow web server of your environment. This rule is required only if you access the Airflow web server from an instance that runs in the VPC network and is not required otherwise. A common scenario for this rule is when you want to call Airflow REST API from within the VPC network.
- As an alternative, you can create a rule for a specific environment. To do so, use ENVIRONMENT_WEB_SERVER_NAME.composer.googleusercontent.com . Replace ENVIRONMENT_WEB_SERVER_NAME with the unique part of your environment's Airflow UI URL, for example, bffe6ce6c4304c55acca0e57be23128c-dot-us-central1.
*.pkg.dev is used to get environment images, such as when creating or updating an environment.
*.gcr.io GKE requires connectivity to Container Registry domain regardless of Cloud Composer version.

Configure connectivity to the private.googleapis.com endpoint:

Domain	DNS name	CNAME Record	A Record
`*.googleapis.com`	`googleapis.com.`	DNS Name: `*.googleapis.com.` Resource record type: `CNAME` Canonical name: `googleapis.com.`	Resource record type: `A` IPv4 addresses: `199.36.153.8`, `199.36.153.9`, `199.36.153.10`, `199.36.153.11`
`*.composer.cloud.google.com`	`composer.cloud.google.com.`	DNS Name: `*.composer.cloud.google.com.` Resource record type: `CNAME` Canonical name: `composer.cloud.google.com.`	Resource record type: `A` IPv4 addresses: `199.36.153.8`, `199.36.153.9`, `199.36.153.10`, `199.36.153.11`
`*.composer.googleusercontent.com` (optional, see description)	`composer.googleusercontent.com.`	DNS Name: `*.composer.googleusercontent.com.` Resource record type: `CNAME` Canonical name: `composer.googleusercontent.com.`	Resource record type: `A` IPv4 addresses: `199.36.153.8`, `199.36.153.9`, `199.36.153.10`, `199.36.153.11`
`*.pkg.dev`	`pkg.dev.`	DNS Name: `*.pkg.dev.` Resource record type: `CNAME` Canonical name: `pkg.dev.`	Resource record type: `A` IPv4 addresses: `199.36.153.8`, `199.36.153.9`, `199.36.153.10`, `199.36.153.11`
`*.gcr.io`	`gcr.io.`	DNS Name: `*.gcr.io.` Resource record type: `CNAME` Canonical name: `gcr.io.`	Resource record type: `A` IPv4 addresses: `199.36.153.8`, `199.36.153.9`, `199.36.153.10`, `199.36.153.11`

To create a DNS rule:

Create a new DNS zone and use DNS name as DNS name of this zone.

Example: pkg.dev.
Add a record set for CNAME Record.

Example:
- DNS Name: *.pkg.dev.
- Resource record type: CNAME
- Canonical name: pkg.dev.
Add a record set with for A Record:

Example:
- Resource record type: A
- IPv4 addresses: 199.36.153.8, 199.36.153.9, 199.36.153.10, 199.36.153.11

For more information, see Setting up private connectivity to Google APIs and services.

(Optional) Configure firewall rules

Perform this step only if your project has non-default firewall rules, such as rules that override implied firewall rules, or modify pre-populated rules in the default network.

For example, Cloud Composer might fail to create an environment if you have a firewall rule that denies all egress traffic. To avoid issues, define selective allow rules that follow the list and have higher priority than the global deny rule.

Configure your VPC network to allow traffic from your environment:

See Using firewall rules to learn how to check, add and update rules for your VPC network.
Use Connectivity Tool to validate the connectivity between IP ranges.
You can use networking tags to further limit access. You can set these tags when you create an environment.

Description	Direction	Action	Source or Destination	Protocols	Ports
DNS	Egress	Allow	Any destination (`0.0.0.0/0`), or DNS server IP addresses	TCP, UDP	53
Google APIs and services	Egress	Allow	IP address range of the domain you chose for Google APIs and services. See IP addresses for default domains if you use defaults.	TCP	443
Environment's cluster Nodes	Egress	Allow	Environment's subnetwork primary IP address range	TCP, UDP	all
Environment's cluster Pods	Egress	Allow	Secondary IP address range for Pods in the environment's subnetwork	TCP, UDP	all
Environment's cluster Control Plane	Egress	Allow	GKE Control Plane IP range	TCP, UDP	all
(If your environment uses Private Service Connect) Connection subnetwork	Egress	Allow	Cloud Composer connection subnetwork range	TCP	3306, 3307
(If your environment uses VPC peerings) Tenant network	Egress	Allow	Cloud Composer tenant network IP range	TCP	3306, 3307

To obtain IP ranges:

Pod, Service, and Control Plane address ranges are available on the Clusters page of your environment's cluster:
1. In Google Cloud console, go to the Environments page.
  
  Go to Environments
2. In the list of environments, click the name of your environment. The Environment details page opens.
3. Go to the Environment configuration tab.
4. Follow the view cluster details link.
You can see environment's Cloud Composer tenant network IP range on the Environment configuration tab.
You can see environment's subnetwork ID and Cloud Composer connection subnetwork ID on the Environment configuration tab. To get IP ranges for a subnetwork, go to VPC Networks page and click on the network's name to see details:

Go to VPC Networks

Configure proxy server settings

You can set HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY environment variables in your environment. These standard Linux variables are used by web clients that run in containers of your environment's cluster to route traffic through the specified proxies.

The NO_PROXY variable by default is set to a list of Google domains so that they are excluded from proxying: .google.com,.googleapis.com,metadata.google.internal. This configuration makes it possible to create an environment with set HTTP_PROXY and HTTPS_PROXY environment variables in cases when the proxy is not configured to handle traffic to Google services.