Menyesuaikan instance VM agar dapat berjalan di Google Cloud
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Agar berfungsi dengan benar di Google Cloud, VM yang dimigrasikan dan image yang diimpor memerlukan perubahan pada konfigurasinya. Perubahan ini disebut sebagai adaptasi OS.
Migrate to Virtual Machines melakukan adaptasi OS secara otomatis di akhir setiap
siklus replikasi dan selama proses impor image.
Adaptasi OS dilakukan pada VM Linux dan Windows. Pada tingkat tinggi, adaptasi ini mencakup perubahan pada:
Mengaktifkan booting di Google Cloud
Mengaktifkan konsol serial
Mengonfigurasi setelan jaringan
Instal paket yang diperlukan oleh VM untuk mengaktifkan Google Cloud fitur dan fungsi
Perubahan spesifik untuk VM Linux dan Windows dijelaskan di bawah.
Adaptasi Linux
Di akhir setiap siklus replikasi untuk VM Linux, Migrate to Virtual Machines akan melakukan adaptasi OS pada VM yang direplikasi. Adaptasi ini mencakup:
Mengonfigurasi NIC untuk menggunakan DHCP
Jika ada, hapus aturan udev jaringan persisten.
Jika layanan VMware Tools/open-vm-tools sudah diinstal, nonaktifkan dan coba copot penginstalannya.
Catatan: Anda dapat meng-uninstal layanan VMware Tools/open-vm-tools secara manual setelah migrasi, atau membiarkannya dinonaktifkan.
Tetapkan bootloader untuk mencetak log konsol ke port serial 1.
Validasi driver virtio:
Jika driver virtio tidak tersedia di kernel default, pilih kernel yang ada yang kompatibel dengan driver virtio.
Jika driver virtio tidak ada di initrd, build ulang initrd dengan driver virtio.
Tambahkan repositori Google Cloud ke daftar repositori. Repositori ini mencakup:
Jika berlaku, tetapkan fstab untuk menggunakan UUID volume.
Jika lisensi instance target adalah PAYG:
Red Hat - Menginstal paket google-rhui-client-rhel khusus untuk versi Red Hat.
SLES - Menginstal paket klien layanan region Google.
Jika OS-nya adalah Oracle Linux dengan kernel Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 7
(UEK7), instal paket kernel-uek-modules-extra untuk
dukungan Google Virtual NIC (gVNIC).
Adaptasi ini memerlukan ruang kosong di partisi berikut:
Hingga 640 MiB di /root
Hingga 128 MiB di /boot
Hingga 64 MiB di /var
Hingga 32 MiB di /tmp
Adaptasi Windows
Di akhir setiap siklus replikasi untuk VM Windows, Migrate to Virtual Machines akan melakukan adaptasi OS pada VM yang direplikasi. Adaptasi ini mencakup:
Tetapkan bootloader untuk mencetak log konsol ke port serial 2.
Aktifkan RDP.
Konfigurasikan skema daya:
Nonaktifkan mode hibernasi.
Tetapkan skema daya ke seimbang.
Nonaktifkan display turn off dalam konfigurasi daya.
Menonaktifkan animasi startup.
Nonaktifkan CTRL-ALT-DEL.
Jika layanan VMware Tools/open-vm-tools sudah diinstal, nonaktifkan dan coba copot penginstalannya.
Catatan: Anda dapat meng-uninstal layanan VMware Tools/open-vm-tools secara manual setelah migrasi, atau membiarkannya dinonaktifkan.
Tetapkan waktu:
Ubah zona waktu ke UTC.
Konfigurasi NTP.
Menambahkan akses ke metadata instance:
Tambahkan aturan izinkan akses ke alamat IP server metadata instance di firewall Windows.
Tambahkan server metadata instance ke file host.
Saat booting pertama:
Jika lisensi instance target adalah PAYG (default), daftarkan aktivasi KMS dan Windows.
Adaptasi ini mungkin memerlukan ruang kosong hingga 1,25 GiB di drive C.
Laporan adaptasi
Migrate to Virtual Machines membuat laporan adaptasi selama siklus replika, clone, dan siklus peralihan yang dapat Anda gunakan untuk memecahkan masalah, menyelesaikan masalah, dan mendapatkan insight yang lebih mendalam tentang proses migrasi Anda.
Untuk mengetahui informasi selengkapnya tentang laporan adaptasi, lihat Laporan adaptasi.
[[["Mudah dipahami","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Memecahkan masalah saya","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Lainnya","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Sulit dipahami","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informasi atau kode contoh salah","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Informasi/contoh yang saya butuhkan tidak ada","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Masalah terjemahan","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Lainnya","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Terakhir diperbarui pada 2025-08-19 UTC."],[],[],null,["# Adapt VM instances to run on Google Cloud\n\nTo function properly on Google Cloud, migrated VMs and imported images require\nchanges to their configuration. These changes are referred to as *OS adaptations*.\nMigrate to Virtual Machines performs OS adaptations automatically at the end of each\nreplication cycle and during the image import process.\n\nOS adaptations are made to both Linux and Windows VMs. At a high level, these adaptations include changes to:\n\n- Enable booting on Google Cloud\n- Enable the serial console\n- Configure network settings\n- Install packages required by the VM to enable Google Cloud features and functionality\n\nThe specific changes for both Linux and Windows VMs are described below.\n\nLinux adaptations\n-----------------\n\nAt the end of each replication cycle for a Linux VM, Migrate to Virtual Machines performs OS adaptations on the replicated VM. These adaptations include:\n\n- Configuring NIC to use DHCP\n\n - If it exists, remove persistent network `udev` rules.\n- If the [VMware Tools/open-vm-tools](https://github.com/vmware/open-vm-tools) service is already installed, disable and try to uninstall it.\n Note: You can safely uninstall the VMware Tools/open-vm-tools service manually post migration, or leave it disabled.\n\n- Set the bootloader to print console logs to serial port 1.\n\n- Validate virtio drivers:\n\n - If virtio drivers are not available in the default kernel, choose an existing kernel which is compatible with virtio driver.\n\n - If virtio drivers are missing from `initrd` then rebuild `initrd` with virtio drivers.\n\n- Add Google Cloud repositories to the repository list. These repositories include:\n\n - \u003chttps://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/\u003e\n - \u003chttps://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/\u003e\n- Install the following Google packages:\n\n - `google-compute-engine` packages for [Compute Engine](/compute) support\n\n - `google-osconfig-agent` package for the [OS Config agent](/compute/docs/instances/os-inventory-management)\n\n - `google-cloud-sdk` package for the [Google Cloud CLI](/sdk/docs)\n\n- Set `systemd.target` to multiuser.\n\n- Where applicable, set `fstab` to use volume UUIDs.\n\n- If target instance license is PAYG:\n\n - Red Hat - Install the `google-rhui-client-rhel` package specific to the Red Hat version.\n\n - SLES - Install Google's region service client packages.\n\n- If the OS is Oracle Linux with a Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 7\n (UEK7) kernel, install the `kernel-uek-modules-extra` package for\n [Google Virtual NIC (gVNIC)](/compute/docs/networking/using-gvnic) support.\n\nThese adaptations require free space on the following partitions:\n\n- Up to 640 MiB in `/root`\n- Up to 128 MiB in `/boot`\n- Up to 64 MiB in `/var`\n- Up to 32 MiB in `/tmp`\n\nWindows adaptations\n-------------------\n\nAt the end of each replication cycle for a Windows VM, Migrate to Virtual Machines performs OS adaptations on the replicated VM. These adaptations include:\n\n- Set bootloader to print console logs to serial port 2.\n\n- Enable RDP.\n\n- Configure the power scheme:\n\n - Disable hibernation mode.\n\n - Set power scheme to balanced.\n\n - Disable `display turn off` in power configurations.\n\n- Disable startup animation.\n\n- Disable CTRL-ALT-DEL.\n\n- If the [VMware Tools/open-vm-tools](https://github.com/vmware/open-vm-tools) service is already installed, disable and try to uninstall it.\n Note: You can safely uninstall the VMware Tools/open-vm-tools service manually post migration, or leave it disabled.\n\n- Set the time:\n\n - Change timezone to UTC.\n\n - Configure NTP.\n\n- Add access to instance metadata:\n\n - Add allow access rule to instance metadata server IP address in Windows firewall.\n\n - Add instance metadata server to hosts file.\n\n- On first boot:\n\n - If target instance license is PAYG (default), then register KMS and Windows activation.\n\n - Configure DHCP settings.\n\n - Install Google [guest packages](/compute/docs/images/guest-environment#windows)\n\nThese adaptations may require up to 1.25 GiB of free space on drive `C`.\n| **Note:** Windows first boot might take a while. If Windows was not gracefully shut down, it may invoke a Check Disk (`chkdsk`) scan before starting. Additionally, setting up network devices for the first time might take several minutes.\n\nAdaptation reports\n------------------\n\nMigrate to Virtual Machines generates adaptation reports during your replication cycles, clones, and cut-over cycles for you to use for troubleshooting, problem solving, and deeper insight into your migration process.\n\nFor more information about adaptation reports, see [Adaptation reports](/migrate/virtual-machines/docs/5.0/migrate/migration-progress-details#adaptation_report)."]]
