VM Runtime on Google Distributed Cloud 是用于在 Google Distributed Cloud on Bare Metal（纯软件）安装中运行基于虚拟机的工作负载的关键组件。
什么是 VM Runtime on GDC？
VM Runtime on GDC 是 Google Distributed Cloud 的一部分，可让您采用与运行容器相同的方式在 Kubernetes 上运行虚拟机。借助 VM Runtime on GDC，您可以在开发和运行基于容器的新应用时，运行基于虚拟机的现有工作负载。VM Runtime on GDC 类似于其他虚拟化环境中的 Hypervisor。
VM Runtime on GDC 可让您查看和管理虚拟机的状态，并收集审核或控制台日志。VM Runtime on GDC 的行为类似于其他虚拟化环境中使用的管理控制台工具。
您无需对基于虚拟机的现有工作负载进行现代化改造或升级，即可使用 VM Runtime on GDC。虚拟机的运行方式类似于它们在其他虚拟化环境中的运行方式，但能够受益于集群中适用于应用的一组工作流和进程。在您准备就绪后，便可以将这些基于虚拟机的工作负载迁移到容器，并继续使用相同的 Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) Enterprise 版管理工具。
优势
VM Runtime on GDC 具有以下优势：
能够以编程方式使用虚拟机资源，如同您使用容器一样。
跨容器和虚拟机高效利用资源。
对虚拟机和容器进行统一管理和操作。
对新的容器化应用程序和基于虚拟机的旧版应用之间的流量进行统一的显示和控制。
简化了迁移到云或容器化应用的体验。
VM Runtime on GDC 可帮助您在裸金属集群上迁移虚拟机或构建新的虚拟机。
VM Runtime on GDC 与 KubeVirt 的区别
VM Runtime on GDC 基于 KubeVirt 开源项目构建。Kubevirt 专门为 Kubernetes 构建，并跟随声明式 API 模型使用 Kubernetes 资源模型、自定义资源定义或运算符。VM Runtime on GDC 将 Kubevirt 集成到 Google Distributed Cloud（纯软件）安装中，从而以一致的方式管理您的应用。本部分概述了 KubeVirt 中未提供的 VM Runtime on GDC 的一些关键功能。
生命周期
VM Runtime on GDC 基于 GKE Enterprise 的强大功能构建，与 GKE Enterprise 平台完全集成。您可以使用 CLI 命令、API 或 Google Cloud 控制台来安装、升级和卸载 VM Runtime on GDC。与兼容存储搭配使用时，GKE Enterprise 集群升级包括在主机之间实时迁移虚拟机工作负载（预览版），以最大限度地减少潜在的虚拟机工作负载中断。
云端支持的管理体验
VM Runtime on GDC 可为本地安装提供类似云的体验。这种体验包括以下新的类似云的基本组件：
VirtualMachineType 对象可让管理员创建具有特定 CPU 和内存配置的预定义虚拟机类型。
VM Runtime on GDC 在 KubeVirt 的默认 pod-network 产品的基础上进行了扩展，从而提供更适合生产虚拟机工作负载的网络选项。VM Runtime on GDC 扩展了基于容器网络接口 (CNI) 框架的现有网络栈。VM Runtime on GDC 添加了一个 Network 对象，用于在 Kubernetes 中启用类似虚拟交换机的功能。虽然网络插件可用于 Kubernetes，但它们需要自己的安装、生命周期和管理。借助 VM Runtime on GDC，开箱即用的虚拟机可与多个第 2 层网络接口进行交互，包括支持 VLAN 标记、外部 DHCP 等。VM Runtime on GDC 还引入了接口对象，即使虚拟机重启、迁移或重新创建，也可实现 IP 和 MAC 地址的粘性。新的网络栈还与 NetworkPolicy 集成，因此您可以使用 Kubernetes 基本组件来控制虚拟机之间的第 4 层流量。
可观测性
VM Runtime on GDC 自动支持 Google Cloud 控制台中的虚拟机可观测性。除了 GKE 集群和 VM Runtime on GDC 日志记录之外，虚拟机串行控制台日志也会自动流式传输到 Cloud Logging。虚拟机日志以及容器日志可以在 Logs Explorer 中查看。您可以在 Google Cloud 控制台中查看虚拟机 CPU、内存、磁盘和网络指标。您还可以使用熟悉的 Google Cloud 服务来实现信息中心、提醒以及与通知集成。
管理
大多数 VM Runtime on GDC 功能可从命令行、API 和 Google Cloud 控制台获得。这种灵活的方法支持多种开发者和运营方式。利用 GKE Enterprise 栈的强大功能，Config Management 和 Policy Controller 还可用于实现 GitOps 方法和精细政策。最后，KubeVirt 工具（例如 virtctl）也进行了扩展，以支持其他 VM Runtime on GDC 功能。
[[["易于理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["解决了我的问题","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["很难理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["信息或示例代码不正确","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["没有我需要的信息/示例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻译问题","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最后更新时间 (UTC)：2025-08-07。"],[],[],null,["VM Runtime on Google Distributed Cloud is the key component for running virtual machine-based\nworkloads in installations of Google Distributed Cloud (software only) on bare\nmetal.\n\nWhat is VM Runtime on GDC?\n\nVM Runtime on GDC is a part of Google Distributed Cloud that lets you\nrun VMs on top of Kubernetes in the same way that you run containers. With\nVM Runtime on GDC, you can run existing VM-based workloads as you\nalso develop and run new container-based applications.\nVM Runtime on GDC is like the hypervisor in another virtualized\nenvironment.\n\nVM Runtime on GDC lets you view and manage the state of VMs and\ngather audit or console logs. VM Runtime on GDC acts like management\nconsole tools that are used in other virtualized environments.\n\nYou aren't forced to modernize or upgrade existing VM-based workloads to use\nVM Runtime on GDC. VMs run like they do in other virtualized\nenvironments, but benefit from a single set of workflows and processes for your\napplications in a cluster. When you're ready, you can migrate these VM-based\nworkloads to containers and continue using the same Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) Enterprise edition\nmanagement tools.\n\nBenefits\n\nThe VM Runtime on GDC has the following benefits:\n\n- Ability to use VM resources programmatically, like you use containers.\n- Efficient use of resources across containers and VMs.\n- Unified management and operation for VMs and containers.\n- Unified visibility and control for traffic between new containerized applications and legacy VM-based apps.\n- A simplified migration experience to cloud or containerized apps.\n\nThe VM Runtime on GDC helps you migrate your VMs, or build new ones,\non top of your bare metal cluster.\n\nHow VM Runtime on GDC differs from KubeVirt\n\nVM Runtime on GDC builds on the [KubeVirt open source\nproject](https://kubevirt.io/). Kubevirt is built specifically for Kubernetes,\nand follows the declarative API model to use the Kubernetes Resource Model,\ncustom resource definitions, or operators. VM Runtime on GDC\nintegrates Kubevirt into your Google Distributed Cloud software-only installation\nto give a consistent way to manage your applications. This section outlines some\nof the key capabilities of VM Runtime on GDC that aren't available\nin KubeVirt.\n\nLifecycle\n\nBuilding on the power of the GKE Enterprise,\nVM Runtime on GDC is fully integrated with the\nGKE Enterprise platform. You can install, upgrade, and uninstall\nVM Runtime on GDC with a CLI command, through the API, or by using\nthe Google Cloud console. When used with compatible storage,\nGKE Enterprise cluster upgrades include *live migration* of VM\nworkloads ([Preview](/products#product-launch-stages)) between hosts to\nminimize potential VM workload disruption.\n\nCloud-backed management experience\n\nVM Runtime on GDC provides a cloud-like experience for your on-premises\ninstallation. This experience includes the following new cloud-like primitives:\n\n- `VirtualMachineType` object lets administrators create\n [predefined VM types](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/compute-configurations)\n with specific CPU and memory configurations.\n\n- `VirtualMachineDisk` and `StorageProfile` objects add\n [support for multiple disks](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/create-manage-disks) and\n [centralized management of `StorageClass` properties](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/storage-classes).\n\n- `Network` object enables\n [virtual switch-like capabilities](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/create-networks)\n in Kubernetes.\n\nStorage\n\nVM Runtime on GDC automatically generates a storage profile object,\n`StorageProfile`, for each `StorageClass` in a cluster. This new profile object\nlets you\n[configure `StorageClass` properties for VMs](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/storage-classes#configure_storage_profiles),\nincluding `accessMode` and `volumeMode`, from a single location.\n\nYou can attach multiple disks to a VM. You can attach an existing disk or you\ncan create and attach new disks. The new `VirtualMachineDisk` custom resource\nlets you create blank disks or disks from existing images using the bundled\nContainerized Data Importer (CDI). CDI even lets you pull\n[images from Cloud Storage secured with credentials](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/create-storage-credentials).\n\nNetworking\n\nVM Runtime on GDC expands on the default `pod-network` offering of\nKubeVirt to provide\n[networking options more suitable for production VM workloads](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/create-networks#create_and_use_virtual_networks).\nVM Runtime on GDC extends the existing network stack that's based on\nContainer Network Interface (CNI) framework. VM Runtime on GDC adds\na `Network` object that enables virtual switch-like capabilities in Kubernetes.\nWhile network plugins are available for Kubernetes, they require their own\ninstallation, lifecycle, and management. With VM Runtime on GDC, out\nof the box VMs can interact with multiple Layer 2 network interfaces, including\nsupport for VLAN tags, external DHCP, and more. VM Runtime on GDC\nalso introduces the interfaces object, which enables both IP and MAC address\nstickiness even if VMs are restarted, migrated, or recreated. The new network\nstack also integrates with `NetworkPolicy` so you can use Kubernetes primitives\nto control Layer 4 traffic between VMs.\n\nObservability\n\nVM Runtime on GDC automatically supports VM observability in the\nGoogle Cloud console. In addition to the GKE cluster and\nVM Runtime on GDC logging,\n[VM serial console](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/view-console-logs) logs are\nautomatically streamed to Cloud Logging. Your VM logs can be viewed in the\n[Logs Explorer](/logging/docs/view/logs-explorer-interface) along with\ncontainer logs. You can see VM CPU, memory, disk, and network metrics in the\nGoogle Cloud console. You can also implement dashboards, alerts, and integration\nwith notifications using familiar Google Cloud services.\n\nManagement\n\nMost VM Runtime on GDC capabilities are available from the command\nline, APIs, and Google Cloud console. This flexible approach supports multiple\ndeveloper and operational styles. Applying the power of the\nGKE Enterprise stack, Config Sync and\nPolicy Controller can also be used to implement both GitOps methodology\nand granular policies. Finally, KubeVirt tools, such as `virtctl`, have also\nbeen extended to support the additional VM Runtime on GDC\ncapabilities.\n\nGPU Support\n| **Preview**\n|\n|\n| This product or feature is subject to the \"Pre-GA Offerings Terms\" in the General Service Terms section\n| of the [Service Specific Terms](/terms/service-terms#1).\n|\n| Pre-GA products and features are available \"as is\" and might have limited support.\n|\n| For more information, see the\n| [launch stage descriptions](/products#product-launch-stages).\n\nVM Runtime on GDC lets you\n[enable supported NVIDIA GPU cards](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/use-gpu)\nin your VMs, enabling machine learning and other specialized workloads.\n\nGet started\n\nTo start using VM Runtime on GDC, see the following documents:\n\n- [Enable or disable VM Runtime on GDC](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/enable-disable)\n- [Quickstart: Create a VM](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/quickstart)\n- [Manage the power state of VMs that use VM Runtime on GDC](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/manage-power-state)\n- [View console logs for VMs that use VM Runtime on GDC](/kubernetes-engine/distributed-cloud/bare-metal/docs/vm-runtime/view-console-logs)"]]
