Data type mappings in BigQuery

This page describes data type mappings from various source databases to their corresponding BigQuery data types. Understand how different data types convert when migrating data to BigQuery, how BigQuery represents MongoDB binary JSON documents, and how to query PostgreSQL array data as a BigQuery ARRAY data type.

Map data types

The following table lists data type conversions from supported source databases to the BigQuery destination.

Source database Source data type BigQuery data type
MySQL BIGINT(size) INT64
MySQL BIGINT (unsigned) DECIMAL
MySQL BINARY(size) STRING (hex encoded)
MySQL BIT(size) INT64
MySQL BLOB(size) STRING (hex encoded)
MySQL BOOL INT64
MySQL CHAR(size) STRING
MySQL DATE DATE
MySQL DATETIME(fsp) DATETIME
MySQL DECIMAL(precision, scale) If the precision value is <=38, and the scale value is <=9 then NUMERIC. Otherwise BIGNUMERIC
MySQL DOUBLE(size, d) FLOAT64
MySQL ENUM(val1, val2, val3, ...) STRING
MySQL FLOAT(precision) FLOAT64
MySQL FLOAT(size, d) FLOAT64
MySQL INTEGER(size) INT64
MySQL INTEGER (unsigned) INT64
MySQL

JSON

 JSON
MySQL LONGBLOB STRING (hex encoded)
MySQL LONGTEXT STRING
MySQL MEDIUMBLOB STRING (hex encoded)
MySQL MEDIUMINT(size) INT64
MySQL MEDIUMTEXT STRING
MySQL SET(val1, val2, val3, ...) STRING
MySQL SMALLINT(size) INT64
MySQL TEXT(size) STRING
MySQL TIME(fsp) INTERVAL
MySQL TIMESTAMP(fsp) TIMESTAMP
MySQL TINYBLOB STRING (hex encoded)
MySQL TINYINT(size) INT64
MySQL TINYTEXT STRING
MySQL VARBINARY(size) STRING (hex encoded)
MySQL VARCHAR STRING
MySQL YEAR INT64
Oracle ANYDATA UNSUPPORTED
Oracle BFILE STRING
Oracle BINARY DOUBLE FLOAT64
Oracle BINARY FLOAT FLOAT64
Oracle BLOB BYTES
Oracle CHAR STRING
Oracle CLOB STRING
Oracle DATE DATETIME
Oracle DOUBLE PRECISION FLOAT64
Oracle FLOAT(p) FLOAT64
Oracle INTERVAL DAY TO SECOND UNSUPPORTED
Oracle INTERVAL YEAR TO MONTH UNSUPPORTED
Oracle LONG/LONG RAW STRING
Oracle NCHAR STRING
Oracle NCLOB STRING
Oracle NUMBER STRING
Oracle NUMBER(precision=*) STRING
Oracle NUMBER(precision, scale<=0) If p<=18, then INT64. If 18<p=<78, then map to parameterized decimal types. If p>=79, map to STRING
Oracle NUMBER(precision, scale>0) If 0<p=<78, then map to parameterized decimal types. If p>=79, map to STRING
Oracle NVARCHAR2 STRING
Oracle RAW STRING
Oracle ROWID STRING
Oracle SDO_GEOMETRY UNSUPPORTED
Oracle SMALLINT INT64
Oracle TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP
Oracle TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE TIMESTAMP
Oracle UDT (user-defined type) UNSUPPORTED
Oracle UROWID STRING
Oracle VARCHAR STRING
Oracle VARCHAR2 STRING
Oracle XMLTYPE UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL ARRAY JSON
PostgreSQL BIGINT INT64
PostgreSQL BIT BYTES
PostgreSQL BIT_VARYING BYTES
PostgreSQL BOOLEAN BOOLEAN
PostgreSQL BOX UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL BYTEA BYTES
PostgreSQL CHARACTER STRING
PostgreSQL CHARACTER_VARYING STRING
PostgreSQL CIDR STRING
PostgreSQL CIRCLE UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL DATE DATE
PostgreSQL DOUBLE_PRECISION FLOAT64
PostgreSQL ENUM STRING
PostgreSQL INET STRING
PostgreSQL INTEGER INT64
PostgreSQL INTERVAL INTERVAL
PostgreSQL JSON JSON
PostgreSQL JSONB JSON
PostgreSQL LINE UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL LSEG UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL MACADDR STRING
PostgreSQL MONEY FLOAT64
PostgreSQL NUMERIC If precision = -1, then STRING (BigQuery NUMERIC types require fixed precision). Otherwise BIGNUMERIC/NUMERIC. For more information, see the Arbitrary precision numbers section in PostgreSQL documentation.
PostgreSQL OID INT64
PostgreSQL PATH UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL POINT UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL POLYGON UNSUPPORTED
PostgreSQL REAL FLOAT64
PostgreSQL SMALLINT INT64
PostgreSQL SMALLSERIAL INT64
PostgreSQL SERIAL INT64
PostgreSQL TEXT STRING
PostgreSQL TIME TIME
PostgreSQL TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMP
PostgreSQL TIMESTAMP_WITH_TIMEZONE TIMESTAMP
PostgreSQL TIME_WITH_TIMEZONE TIME
PostgreSQL TSQUERY STRING
PostgreSQL TSVECTOR STRING
PostgreSQL TXID_SNAPSHOT STRING
PostgreSQL UUID STRING
PostgreSQL XML STRING
SQL Server BIGINT INT64
SQL Server BINARY BYTES
SQL Server BIT BOOL
SQL Server CHAR STRING
SQL Server DATE DATE
SQL Server DATETIME2 DATETIME
SQL Server DATETIME DATETIME
SQL Server DATETIMEOFFSET TIMESTAMP
SQL Server DECIMAL BIGNUMERIC
SQL Server FLOAT FLOAT64
SQL Server IMAGE BYTES
SQL Server INT INT64
SQL Server MONEY BIGNUMERIC
SQL Server NCHAR STRING
SQL Server NTEXT STRING
SQL Server NUMERIC BIGNUMERIC
SQL Server NVARCHAR STRING
SQL Server NVARCHAR(MAX) STRING
SQL Server REAL FLOAT64
SQL Server SMALLDATETIME DATETIME
SQL Server SMALLINT INT64
SQL Server SMALLMONEY NUMERIC
SQL Server TEXT STRING
SQL Server TIME TIME
SQL Server TIMESTAMP/ROWVERSION BYTES
SQL Server TINYINT INT64
SQL Server UNIQUEIDENTIFIER STRING
SQL Server VARBINARY BYTES
SQL Server VARBINARY(MAX) BYTES
SQL Server VARCHAR STRING
SQL Server VARCHAR(MAX) STRING
SQL Server XML STRING
Salesforce BOOLEAN BOOLEAN
Salesforce BYTE BYTES
Salesforce DATE DATE
Salesforce DATETIME DATETIME
Salesforce DOUBLE BIGNUMERIC
Salesforce INT INT64
Salesforce STRING STRING
Salesforce TIME TIME
Salesforce ANYTYPE (can be either STRING, DATE, NUMBER, or BOOLEAN) STRING
Salesforce COMBOBOX STRING
Salesforce CURRENCY FLOAT64

Maximum allowed length is 18 digits.
Salesforce DATACATEGORYGROUPREFERENCE STRING
Salesforce EMAIL STRING
Salesforce ENCRYPTEDSTRING STRING
Salesforce ID STRING
Salesforce JUNCTIONIDLIST STRING
Salesforce MASTERRECORD STRING
Salesforce MULTIPICKLIST STRING
Salesforce PERCENT FLOAT64

Maximum allowed length is 18 digits.
Salesforce PHONE STRING
Salesforce PICKLIST STRING
Salesforce REFERENCE STRING
Salesforce TEXTAREA STRING

Maximum allowed length is 255 characters.
Salesforce URL STRING

MongoDB data types

MongoDB binary JSON (BSON) documents are written to BigQuery in MongoDB Extended JSON (v1) strict mode format. The table shows how data types are represented in BigQuery, along with example values.

Source data typeExample valueBigQuery JSON type value
DOUBLE 3.1415926535 3.1415926535
STRING"Hello, MongoDB!""Hello, MongoDB!"
ARRAY
[
    "item1",
    123,
    true,
    { subItem: "object in array" }
  ]
["item1",123,true,{"subItem":"object in array"}]
BINARY DATA new BinData(0, "SGVsbG8gQmluYXJ5IERhdGE=") {"$binary":"SGVsbG8gQmluYXJ5IERhdGE=","$type":"00"}
BOOLEANtruetrue
DATE 2024-12-25T10:30:00.000+00:00 {"$date": 1735122600000}
NULLnullnull
REGEX/^mongo(db)?$/i{"$options":"i","$regex":"^mongo(db)?$"}
JAVASCRIPTfunction() {return this.stringField.length;}{"$code":"function() {\n return this.stringField.length;\n }"}
DECIMAL128NumberDecimal("1234567890.1234567890"){"$numberDecimal":"1234567890.1234567890"}
OBJECTIDObjectId('673c5d8dbfe2e51808cc2c3d'){"$oid": "673c5d8dbfe2e51808cc2c3d"}
LONG3567587327{"$numberLong": "3567587327"}
INT324242
INT641864712049423024127{"$numberLong": "1864712049423024127"}
TIMESTAMPnew Timestamp(1747888877, 1){"$timestamp":{"i":1,"t":1747888877}}

Query a PostgreSQL array as a BigQuery array data type

If you prefer to query a PostgreSQL array as a BigQuery ARRAY data type, you can convert the JSON values to a BigQuery array using the BigQuery JSON_VALUE_ARRAY function:

  SELECT ARRAY(SELECT CAST(element AS TYPE) FROM UNNEST(JSON_VALUE_ARRAY(BQ_COLUMN_NAME,'$')) AS element) AS array_col

Replace the following:

  • TYPE: the BigQuery type that matches the element type in the PostgreSQL source array. For example, if the source type is an array of BIGINT values, then replace TYPE with INT64.

    For more information about how to map the data types, see Map data types.

  • BQ_COLUMN_NAME: the name of the relevant column in the BigQuery table.

There are 2 exceptions to the way that you convert the values:

  • For arrays of BIT, BIT_VARYING or BYTEA values in the source column, run the following query:

    SELECT ARRAY(SELECT FROM_BASE64(element) FROM UNNEST(JSON_VALUE_ARRAY(BQ_COLUMN_NAME,'$')) AS element) AS array_of_bytes

  • For arrays of JSON or JSONB values in the source column, use the JSON_QUERY_ARRAYfunction:

    SELECT ARRAY(SELECT element FROM UNNEST(JSON_QUERY_ARRAY(BQ_COLUMN_NAME,'$')) AS element) AS array_of_jsons