此页面由 Cloud Translation API 翻译。

使用和锁定保留政策

本页面介绍了如何使用存储桶锁定功能，包括使用保留政策以及将其永久地锁定在存储桶上。

准备工作

请确保您已完成以下部分中的步骤，然后才能使用存储桶锁定功能。

获取所需角色

如需获得使用存储桶锁定所需的权限，请让您的管理员为您授予存储桶的 Storage Admin (roles/storage.admin) 角色。此预定义角色可提供使用存储桶锁定所需的权限。如需查看所需的确切权限，请展开所需权限部分：

所需权限

storage.buckets.get
storage.buckets.list
- 仅当您计划使用 Google Cloud 控制台执行本页面上的任务时，才需要此权限。
storage.buckets.update

您也可以使用自定义角色来获取这些权限。

如需了解如何授予存储桶的角色，请参阅将 IAM 与存储桶搭配使用。

在存储桶上设置保留政策

如需在存储桶上添加、修改或移除保留政策，请执行以下操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，进入 Cloud Storage 存储桶页面。
进入“存储桶”
在存储桶列表中，点击要更改保留政策的存储桶的名称。
选择页面顶部附近的保护标签页。
在保留政策部分中，设置保留政策：
1. 如果当前没有适用于存储桶的保留政策，请点击 设置保留政策链接。选择保留期限的时间单位和时长。
2. 如果某个保留政策当前应用于存储桶，它会显示在该部分中。点击修改以修改保留期限，或点击删除以完全移除保留政策。
如需了解 Google Cloud 控制台如何在不同时间单位之间进行转换，请参阅保留期限。

如需了解如何在 Google Cloud 控制台中获取失败的 Cloud Storage 操作的详细错误信息，请参阅问题排查。

命令行

使用带有相应标志的 gcloud storage buckets update 命令：

gcloud storage buckets update gs://BUCKET_NAME FLAG

其中：

BUCKET_NAME 是相关存储桶的名称，例如 my-bucket。
FLAG 是存储桶的保留期限所需的设置。请采用以下某种格式：
- --retention-period 和保留期限（如果要添加或更改保留政策）。例如 --retention-period=1d43200s。
- --clear-retention-period（如果要移除存储桶上的保留政策）。

如果成功，响应将如下所示：

Updating gs://my-bucket/...
  Completed 1

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name,
   std::chrono::seconds period) {
  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> original =
      client.GetBucketMetadata(bucket_name);
  if (!original) throw std::move(original).status();

  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> patched = client.PatchBucket(
      bucket_name,
      gcs::BucketMetadataPatchBuilder().SetRetentionPolicy(period),
      gcs::IfMetagenerationMatch(original->metageneration()));
  if (!patched) throw std::move(patched).status();

  if (!patched->has_retention_policy()) {
    std::cout << "The bucket " << patched->name()
              << " does not have a retention policy set.\n";
    return;
  }

  std::cout << "The bucket " << patched->name()
            << " retention policy is set to " << patched->retention_policy()
            << "\n";
}

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name) {
  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> original =
      client.GetBucketMetadata(bucket_name);
  if (!original) throw std::move(original).status();

  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> patched = client.PatchBucket(
      bucket_name, gcs::BucketMetadataPatchBuilder().ResetRetentionPolicy(),
      gcs::IfMetagenerationMatch(original->metageneration()));
  if (!patched) throw std::move(patched).status();

  if (!patched->has_retention_policy()) {
    std::cout << "The bucket " << patched->name()
              << " does not have a retention policy set.\n";
    return;
  }

  std::cout << "The bucket " << patched->name()
            << " retention policy is set to " << patched->retention_policy()
            << ". This is unexpected, maybe a concurrent change by another"
            << " application?\n";
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：


using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;
using static Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data.Bucket;

public class SetRetentionPolicySample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Sets the bucket's retention policy.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bucketName">The name of the bucket.</param>
    /// <param name="retentionPeriod">The duration in seconds that objects need to be retained. The retention policy enforces a minimum retention
    /// time for all objects contained in the bucket, based on their creation time. Any
    /// attempt to overwrite or delete objects younger than the retention period will
    /// result in a PERMISSION_DENIED error. An unlocked retention policy can be modified
    /// or removed from the bucket via a storage.buckets.update operation. A locked retention
    /// policy cannot be removed or shortened in duration for the lifetime of the bucket.
    /// Attempting to remove or decrease the period of a locked retention policy will result
    /// in a PERMISSION_DENIED error.</param>
    public RetentionPolicyData SetRetentionPolicy(
        string bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name",
        long retentionPeriod = 10)
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var bucket = storage.GetBucket(bucketName);
        bucket.RetentionPolicy = new RetentionPolicyData { RetentionPeriod = retentionPeriod };

        bucket = storage.UpdateBucket(bucket);

        Console.WriteLine($"Retention policy for {bucketName} was set to {retentionPeriod}");
        return bucket.RetentionPolicy;
    }
}

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：


using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class RemoveRetentionPolicySample
{
    public void RemoveRetentionPolicy(string bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var bucket = storage.GetBucket(bucketName);
        if (bucket.RetentionPolicy != null)
        {
            bool isLocked = bucket.RetentionPolicy.IsLocked ?? false;
            if (isLocked)
            {
                throw new Exception("Retention Policy is locked.");
            }

            bucket.RetentionPolicy.RetentionPeriod = null;
            storage.UpdateBucket(bucket);

            Console.WriteLine($"Retention period for {bucketName} has been removed.");
        }
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// setRetentionPolicy sets the bucket retention period.
func setRetentionPolicy(w io.Writer, bucketName string, retentionPeriod time.Duration) error {
	// bucketName := "bucket-name"
	// retentionPeriod := time.Second
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()

	bucket := client.Bucket(bucketName)
	bucketAttrsToUpdate := storage.BucketAttrsToUpdate{
		RetentionPolicy: &storage.RetentionPolicy{
			RetentionPeriod: retentionPeriod,
		},
	}
	if _, err := bucket.Update(ctx, bucketAttrsToUpdate); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Update: %w", bucketName, err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Retention policy for %v was set to %v\n", bucketName, bucketAttrsToUpdate.RetentionPolicy.RetentionPeriod)
	return nil
}

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// removeRetentionPolicy removes bucket retention policy.
func removeRetentionPolicy(w io.Writer, bucketName string) error {
	// bucketName := "bucket-name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*50)
	defer cancel()

	bucket := client.Bucket(bucketName)
	attrs, err := bucket.Attrs(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Attrs: %w", bucketName, err)
	}
	if attrs.RetentionPolicy.IsLocked {
		return fmt.Errorf("retention policy is locked")
	}

	bucketAttrsToUpdate := storage.BucketAttrsToUpdate{
		RetentionPolicy: &storage.RetentionPolicy{},
	}
	if _, err := bucket.Update(ctx, bucketAttrsToUpdate); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Update: %w", bucketName, err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Retention period for %v has been removed\n", bucketName)
	return nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：


import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage.BucketTargetOption;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.time.Duration;

public class SetRetentionPolicy {
  public static void setRetentionPolicy(
      String projectId, String bucketName, Long retentionPeriodSeconds) throws StorageException {
    // The ID of your GCP project
    // String projectId = "your-project-id";

    // The ID of your GCS bucket
    // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name";

    // The retention period for objects in bucket
    // Long retentionPeriodSeconds = 3600L; // 1 hour in seconds

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    // first look up the bucket so we will have its metageneration
    Bucket bucket = storage.get(bucketName);
    Bucket bucketWithRetentionPolicy =
        storage.update(
            bucket
                .toBuilder()
                .setRetentionPeriodDuration(Duration.ofSeconds(retentionPeriodSeconds))
                .build(),
            BucketTargetOption.metagenerationMatch());

    System.out.println(
        "Retention period for "
            + bucketName
            + " is now "
            + bucketWithRetentionPolicy.getRetentionPeriodDuration());
  }
}

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：


import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;

public class RemoveRetentionPolicy {
  public static void removeRetentionPolicy(String projectId, String bucketName)
      throws StorageException, IllegalArgumentException {
    // The ID of your GCP project
    // String projectId = "your-project-id";

    // The ID of your GCS bucket
    // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();

    Bucket bucket =
        storage.get(
            bucketName, Storage.BucketGetOption.fields(Storage.BucketField.RETENTION_POLICY));
    if (bucket.retentionPolicyIsLocked() != null && bucket.retentionPolicyIsLocked()) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Unable to remove retention policy as retention policy is locked.");
    }

    bucket.toBuilder().setRetentionPeriod(null).build().update();

    System.out.println("Retention policy for " + bucketName + " has been removed");
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name';

// The retention period for objects in bucket
// const retentionPeriod = 3600; // 1 hour in seconds

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

async function setRetentionPolicy() {
  const [metadata] = await storage
    .bucket(bucketName)
    .setRetentionPeriod(retentionPeriod);
  console.log(
    `Bucket ${bucketName} retention period set for ${metadata.retentionPolicy.retentionPeriod} seconds.`
  );
}

setRetentionPolicy().catch(console.error);

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

async function removeRetentionPolicy() {
  const [metadata] = await storage.bucket(bucketName).getMetadata();
  if (metadata.retentionPolicy && metadata.retentionPolicy.isLocked) {
    console.log(
      'Unable to remove retention period as retention policy is locked.'
    );
    return null;
  } else {
    const results = await storage.bucket(bucketName).removeRetentionPeriod();
    console.log(`Removed bucket ${bucketName} retention policy.`);
    return results;
  }
}

removeRetentionPolicy().catch(console.error);

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Sets a bucket's retention policy.
 *
 * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket.
 *        (e.g. 'my-bucket')
 * @param int $retentionPeriod The retention period for objects in bucket, in seconds.
 *        (e.g. 3600)
 */
function set_retention_policy(string $bucketName, int $retentionPeriod): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName);
    $bucket->update([
        'retentionPolicy' => [
            'retentionPeriod' => $retentionPeriod
        ]]);
    printf('Bucket %s retention period set to %s seconds' . PHP_EOL, $bucketName,
        $retentionPeriod);
}

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Removes a bucket's retention policy.
 *
 * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket.
 *        (e.g. 'my-bucket')
 */
function remove_retention_policy(string $bucketName): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName);
    $bucket->reload();

    if (array_key_exists('isLocked', $bucket->info()['retentionPolicy']) &&
        $bucket->info()['retentionPolicy']['isLocked']) {
        printf('Unable to remove retention period as retention policy is locked.' . PHP_EOL);
        return;
    }

    $bucket->update([
        'retentionPolicy' => []
    ]);
    printf('Removed bucket %s retention policy' . PHP_EOL, $bucketName);
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：

from google.cloud import storage


def set_retention_policy(bucket_name, retention_period):
    """Defines a retention policy on a given bucket"""
    # bucket_name = "my-bucket"
    # retention_period = 10

    storage_client = storage.Client()
    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)

    bucket.retention_period = retention_period
    bucket.patch()

    print(
        "Bucket {} retention period set for {} seconds".format(
            bucket.name, bucket.retention_period
        )
    )

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：

from google.cloud import storage


def remove_retention_policy(bucket_name):
    """Removes the retention policy on a given bucket"""
    # bucket_name = "my-bucket"

    storage_client = storage.Client()
    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)
    bucket.reload()

    if bucket.retention_policy_locked:
        print(
            "Unable to remove retention period as retention policy is locked."
        )
        return

    bucket.retention_period = None
    bucket.patch()

    print(f"Removed bucket {bucket.name} retention policy")

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

以下示例在存储桶上设置保留政策：

def set_retention_policy bucket_name:, retention_period:
  # The ID of your GCS bucket
  # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name"

  # The retention period for objects in bucket
  # retention_period = 3600 # 1 hour in seconds

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
  bucket  = storage.bucket bucket_name

  bucket.retention_period = retention_period

  puts "Retention period for #{bucket_name} is now #{bucket.retention_period} seconds."
end

以下示例从存储桶中移除保留政策：

def remove_retention_policy bucket_name:
  # The ID of your GCS bucket
  # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
  bucket  = storage.bucket bucket_name

  if !bucket.retention_policy_locked?
    bucket.retention_period = nil
    puts "Retention policy for #{bucket_name} has been removed."
  else
    puts "Policy is locked and retention policy can't be removed."
  end
end

REST API

JSON API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

创建一个包含以下信息的 JSON 文件：
```
{
  "retentionPolicy": {
    "retentionPeriod": "TIME_IN_SECONDS"
  }
}
```
其中 TIME_IN_SECONDS 是存储桶中的对象必须保留的时长（以秒为单位）。例如 2678400。如需了解系统如何以秒为单位来计量不同的时间单位，请参阅保留期限。

要从存储桶中移除保留政策，请在 JSON 文件中使用以下内容：
```
{
  "retentionPolicy": null
}
```

使用 cURL，通过 PATCH Bucket 请求调用 JSON API：

curl -X PATCH --data-binary @JSON_FILE_NAME \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
-H "Content-Type: application/json" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/BUCKET_NAME?fields=retentionPolicy"

其中：

JSON_FILE_NAME 是您在第 2 步中创建的 JSON 文件的路径。
BUCKET_NAME 是相关存储桶的名称，例如 my-bucket。

XML API

XML API 不能用于在现有存储桶上设置或移除保留政策。它只能用于为新存储桶设置保留政策。

锁定存储桶

要锁定存储桶并永久限制对存储桶保留政策的修改，请执行以下操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，进入 Cloud Storage 存储桶页面。
进入“存储桶”
在存储桶列表中，点击要锁定保留政策的存储桶的名称。
选择页面顶部附近的保护标签页。
在保留政策部分，点击锁定按钮。

此时将出现锁定保留政策吗？对话框。
阅读永久说明。
在“存储桶名称”文本框中，键入存储桶的名称。
点击锁定政策。

如需了解如何在 Google Cloud 控制台中获取失败的 Cloud Storage 操作的详细错误信息，请参阅问题排查。

命令行

使用带有 --lock-retention-period 标志的 gcloud storage buckets update 命令：

gcloud storage buckets update gs://BUCKET_NAME --lock-retention-period

其中 BUCKET_NAME 是相关存储桶的名称，例如 my-bucket。

如果成功，响应类似于以下示例：

Updating gs://my-bucket/...
  Completed 1

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name) {
  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> original =
      client.GetBucketMetadata(bucket_name);
  if (!original) throw std::move(original).status();

  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> updated_metadata =
      client.LockBucketRetentionPolicy(bucket_name,
                                       original->metageneration());
  if (!updated_metadata) throw std::move(updated_metadata).status();

  if (!updated_metadata->has_retention_policy()) {
    std::cerr << "The bucket " << updated_metadata->name()
              << " does not have a retention policy, even though the"
              << " operation to set it was successful.\n"
              << "This is unexpected, and may indicate that another"
              << " application has modified the bucket concurrently.\n";
    return;
  }

  std::cout << "Retention policy successfully locked for bucket "
            << updated_metadata->name() << "\nNew retention policy is: "
            << updated_metadata->retention_policy()
            << "\nFull metadata: " << *updated_metadata << "\n";
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。


using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;

public class LockRetentionPolicySample
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Locks the retention policy of a bucket. This is a one-way process: once a retention
    /// policy is locked, it cannot be shortened, removed or unlocked, although it can
    /// be increased in duration. The lock persists until the bucket is deleted.
    /// </summary>
    /// <param name="bucketName">The name of the bucket whose retention policy should be locked.</param>
    public bool? LockRetentionPolicy(string bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var bucket = storage.GetBucket(bucketName);
        storage.LockBucketRetentionPolicy(bucketName, bucket.Metageneration.Value);
        bucket = storage.GetBucket(bucketName);
        Console.WriteLine($"Retention policy for {bucketName} is now locked");
        Console.WriteLine($"Retention policy effective as of {bucket.RetentionPolicy.EffectiveTime}");

        return bucket.RetentionPolicy.IsLocked;
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// lockRetentionPolicy locks bucket retention policy.
func lockRetentionPolicy(w io.Writer, bucketName string) error {
	// bucketName := "bucket-name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*50)
	defer cancel()

	bucket := client.Bucket(bucketName)
	attrs, err := bucket.Attrs(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Attrs: %w", bucketName, err)
	}

	conditions := storage.BucketConditions{
		MetagenerationMatch: attrs.MetaGeneration,
	}
	if err := bucket.If(conditions).LockRetentionPolicy(ctx); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).LockRetentionPolicy: %w", bucketName, err)
	}

	lockedAttrs, err := bucket.Attrs(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Attrs: lockedAttrs: %w", bucketName, err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Retention policy for %v is now locked\n", bucketName)
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Retention policy effective as of %v\n", lockedAttrs.RetentionPolicy.EffectiveTime)
	return nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。


import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.util.Date;

public class LockRetentionPolicy {
  public static void lockRetentionPolicy(String projectId, String bucketName)
      throws StorageException {
    // The ID of your GCP project
    // String projectId = "your-project-id";

    // The ID of your GCS bucket
    // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();
    Bucket bucket =
        storage.get(bucketName, Storage.BucketGetOption.fields(Storage.BucketField.METAGENERATION));
    Bucket lockedBucket =
        bucket.lockRetentionPolicy(Storage.BucketTargetOption.metagenerationMatch());

    System.out.println("Retention period for " + bucketName + " is now locked");
    System.out.println(
        "Retention policy effective as of " + new Date(lockedBucket.getRetentionEffectiveTime()));
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

async function lockRetentionPolicy() {
  // Gets the current metageneration value for the bucket, required by
  // lock_retention_policy
  const [unlockedMetadata] = await storage.bucket(bucketName).getMetadata();

  // Warning: Once a retention policy is locked, it cannot be unlocked. The
  // retention period can only be increased
  const [lockedMetadata] = await storage
    .bucket(bucketName)
    .lock(unlockedMetadata.metageneration);
  console.log(`Retention policy for ${bucketName} is now locked`);
  console.log(
    `Retention policy effective as of ${lockedMetadata.retentionPolicy.effectiveTime}`
  );

  return lockedMetadata;
}

lockRetentionPolicy().catch(console.error);

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Locks a bucket's retention policy.
 *
 * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket.
 *        (e.g. 'my-bucket')
 */
function lock_retention_policy(string $bucketName): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName);
    $bucket->reload();
    $bucket->lockRetentionPolicy();
    printf('Bucket %s retention policy locked' . PHP_EOL, $bucketName);
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

from google.cloud import storage


def lock_retention_policy(bucket_name):
    """Locks the retention policy on a given bucket"""
    # bucket_name = "my-bucket"

    storage_client = storage.Client()
    # get_bucket gets the current metageneration value for the bucket,
    # required by lock_retention_policy.
    bucket = storage_client.get_bucket(bucket_name)

    # Warning: Once a retention policy is locked it cannot be unlocked
    # and retention period can only be increased.
    bucket.lock_retention_policy()

    print(f"Retention policy for {bucket_name} is now locked")
    print(
        f"Retention policy effective as of {bucket.retention_policy_effective_time}"
    )

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

def lock_retention_policy bucket_name:
  # The ID of your GCS bucket
  # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
  bucket  = storage.bucket bucket_name

  # Warning: Once a retention policy is locked it cannot be unlocked
  # and retention period can only be increased.
  # Uses Bucket#metageneration as a precondition.
  bucket.lock_retention_policy!

  puts "Retention policy for #{bucket_name} is now locked."
  puts "Retention policy effective as of #{bucket.retention_effective_at}."
end

REST API

JSON API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

使用 cURL，通过 POST Bucket 请求调用 JSON API：
```
curl -X POST \
-H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/BUCKET_NAME/lockRetentionPolicy?ifMetagenerationMatch=BUCKET_METAGENERATION_NUMBER"
```
其中：
- BUCKET_NAME 是相关存储桶的名称，例如 my-bucket。
- BUCKET_METAGENERATION_NUMBER 是存储桶的 metageneration 值，例如 8。通过 GET Bucket 请求调用 JSON API，您可以找到存储桶的 metageneration 值。

XML API

您不能使用 XML API 来锁定存储桶。请改用其他 Cloud Storage 工具，例如 Google Cloud 控制台。

查看存储桶的保留政策和锁定状态

要查看在存储桶上设置了什么保留政策以及是否该保留政策已锁定，请执行以下操作：

控制台

在 Google Cloud 控制台中，进入 Cloud Storage 存储桶页面。
进入“存储桶”
点击您要查看其状态的存储桶的名称。

如果存储桶具有保留政策，则保留期限会显示在该存储桶的保护字段中。如果保留政策未锁定，则保留期限旁边会出现一个处于解锁状态的锁形图标。如果保留政策被锁定，则保留期限旁边会出现一个处于锁定状态的锁形图标。

命令行

使用带有 --format 标志的 gcloud storage buckets describe 命令：

gcloud storage buckets describe gs://BUCKET_NAME --format="default(retention_policy)"

其中 BUCKET_NAME 是您要查看保留政策的存储桶的名称。例如 my-bucket。

如果成功并且存储桶存在保留政策，则响应类似于以下内容：

retention_policy:
  effectiveTime: '2022-10-04T18:51:22.161000+00:00'
  retentionPeriod: '129600'

如果成功且存储桶不存在保留政策，则响应类似于以下内容：

null

客户端库

C++

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C++ API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

namespace gcs = ::google::cloud::storage;
using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
[](gcs::Client client, std::string const& bucket_name) {
  StatusOr<gcs::BucketMetadata> bucket_metadata =
      client.GetBucketMetadata(bucket_name);
  if (!bucket_metadata) throw std::move(bucket_metadata).status();

  if (!bucket_metadata->has_retention_policy()) {
    std::cout << "The bucket " << bucket_metadata->name()
              << " does not have a retention policy set.\n";
    return;
  }

  std::cout << "The bucket " << bucket_metadata->name()
            << " retention policy is set to "
            << bucket_metadata->retention_policy() << "\n";
}

C#

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage C# API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。


using Google.Cloud.Storage.V1;
using System;
using static Google.Apis.Storage.v1.Data.Bucket;

public class GetRetentionPolicySample
{
    public RetentionPolicyData GetRetentionPolicy(string bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name")
    {
        var storage = StorageClient.Create();
        var bucket = storage.GetBucket(bucketName);

        if (bucket.RetentionPolicy != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Retention policy:");
            Console.WriteLine($"Period: {bucket.RetentionPolicy.RetentionPeriod}");
            Console.WriteLine($"Effective time: {bucket.RetentionPolicy.EffectiveTime}");
            bool isLocked = bucket.RetentionPolicy.IsLocked ?? false;
            Console.WriteLine($"Policy locked: {isLocked}");
        }
        return bucket.RetentionPolicy;
    }
}

Go

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Go API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
)

// getRetentionPolicy gets bucket retention policy.
func getRetentionPolicy(w io.Writer, bucketName string) (*storage.BucketAttrs, error) {
	// bucketName := "bucket-name"
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := storage.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("storage.NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer client.Close()

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, time.Second*10)
	defer cancel()

	attrs, err := client.Bucket(bucketName).Attrs(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Bucket(%q).Attrs: %w", bucketName, err)
	}
	if attrs.RetentionPolicy != nil {
		fmt.Fprintln(w, "Retention Policy")
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "period: %v\n", attrs.RetentionPolicy.RetentionPeriod)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "effective time: %v\n", attrs.RetentionPolicy.EffectiveTime)
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "policy locked: %v\n", attrs.RetentionPolicy.IsLocked)
	}
	return attrs, nil
}

Java

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Java API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。


import com.google.cloud.storage.Bucket;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageException;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.util.Date;

public class GetRetentionPolicy {
  public static void getRetentionPolicy(String projectId, String bucketName)
      throws StorageException {
    // The ID of your GCP project
    // String projectId = "your-project-id";

    // The ID of your GCS bucket
    // String bucketName = "your-unique-bucket-name";

    Storage storage = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setProjectId(projectId).build().getService();
    Bucket bucket =
        storage.get(
            bucketName, Storage.BucketGetOption.fields(Storage.BucketField.RETENTION_POLICY));

    System.out.println("Retention Policy for " + bucketName);
    System.out.println("Retention Period: " + bucket.getRetentionPeriod());
    if (bucket.retentionPolicyIsLocked() != null && bucket.retentionPolicyIsLocked()) {
      System.out.println("Retention Policy is locked");
    }
    if (bucket.getRetentionEffectiveTime() != null) {
      System.out.println("Effective Time: " + new Date(bucket.getRetentionEffectiveTime()));
    }
  }
}

Node.js

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Node.js API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following lines before running the sample.
 */
// The ID of your GCS bucket
// const bucketName = 'your-unique-bucket-name';

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');

// Creates a client
const storage = new Storage();

async function getRetentionPolicy() {
  const [metadata] = await storage.bucket(bucketName).getMetadata();
  if (metadata.retentionPolicy) {
    const retentionPolicy = metadata.retentionPolicy;
    console.log('A retention policy exists!');
    console.log(`Period: ${retentionPolicy.retentionPeriod}`);
    console.log(`Effective time: ${retentionPolicy.effectiveTime}`);
    if (retentionPolicy.isLocked) {
      console.log('Policy is locked');
    } else {
      console.log('Policy is unlocked');
    }
  }
}

getRetentionPolicy().catch(console.error);

PHP

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage PHP API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

use Google\Cloud\Storage\StorageClient;

/**
 * Gets a bucket's retention policy.
 *
 * @param string $bucketName The name of your Cloud Storage bucket.
 *        (e.g. 'my-bucket')
 */
function get_retention_policy(string $bucketName): void
{
    $storage = new StorageClient();
    $bucket = $storage->bucket($bucketName);
    $bucket->reload();

    printf('Retention Policy for ' . $bucketName . PHP_EOL);
    printf('Retention Period: ' . $bucket->info()['retentionPolicy']['retentionPeriod'] . PHP_EOL);
    if (array_key_exists('isLocked', $bucket->info()['retentionPolicy']) &&
        $bucket->info()['retentionPolicy']['isLocked']) {
        printf('Retention Policy is locked' . PHP_EOL);
    }
    if ($bucket->info()['retentionPolicy']['effectiveTime']) {
        printf('Effective Time: ' . $bucket->info()['retentionPolicy']['effectiveTime'] . PHP_EOL);
    }
}

Python

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Python API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

from google.cloud import storage


def get_retention_policy(bucket_name):
    """Gets the retention policy on a given bucket"""
    # bucket_name = "my-bucket"

    storage_client = storage.Client()
    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)
    bucket.reload()

    print(f"Retention Policy for {bucket_name}")
    print(f"Retention Period: {bucket.retention_period}")
    if bucket.retention_policy_locked:
        print("Retention Policy is locked")

    if bucket.retention_policy_effective_time:
        print(
            f"Effective Time: {bucket.retention_policy_effective_time}"
        )

Ruby

如需了解详情，请参阅 Cloud Storage Ruby API 参考文档。

如需向 Cloud Storage 进行身份验证，请设置应用默认凭据。如需了解详情，请参阅为客户端库设置身份验证。

def get_retention_policy bucket_name:
  # The ID of your GCS bucket
  # bucket_name = "your-unique-bucket-name"

  require "google/cloud/storage"

  storage = Google::Cloud::Storage.new
  bucket  = storage.bucket bucket_name

  puts "Retention policy:"
  puts "period: #{bucket.retention_period}"
  puts "effective time: #{bucket.retention_effective_at}"
  puts "policy locked: #{bucket.retention_policy_locked?}"
end

REST API

JSON API

安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，以便为 Authorization 标头生成访问令牌。

使用 cURL，通过包含所需 fields 的 GET Bucket 请求调用 JSON API：

curl -X GET -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
"https://storage.googleapis.com/storage/v1/b/BUCKET_NAME?fields=retentionPolicy"

其中 BUCKET_NAME 是相关存储桶的名称，例如 my-bucket。

如果存储桶上设置了保留政策，则响应类似于以下示例：

{
  "retentionPolicy": {
      "retentionPeriod": "TIME_IN_SECONDS",
      "effectiveTime": "DATETIME",
      "isLocked": "BOOLEAN"
   },
}

XML API

XML API 不能用于查看存储桶上的保留政策。请改用其他 Cloud Storage 工具，例如 Google Cloud 控制台。

后续步骤

详细了解保留政策。
了解如何使用对象保全。
了解对象生命周期管理，它可以在文件达到保留期限后自动删除文件。