Class Blob (2.4.0)

Blob(
    name,
    bucket,
    chunk_size=None,
    encryption_key=None,
    kms_key_name=None,
    generation=None,
)

A wrapper around Cloud Storage's concept of an Object.

Parameters
Name	Description
`name`	`str` The name of the blob. This corresponds to the unique path of the object in the bucket. If bytes, will be converted to a unicode object. Blob / object names can contain any sequence of valid unicode characters, of length 1-1024 bytes when UTF-8 encoded.
`bucket`	`Bucket` The bucket to which this blob belongs.
`chunk_size`	`int` (Optional) The size of a chunk of data whenever iterating (in bytes). This must be a multiple of 256 KB per the API specification. If not specified, the chunk_size of the blob itself is used. If that is not specified, a default value of 40 MB is used.
`encryption_key`	`bytes` (Optional) 32 byte encryption key for customer-supplied encryption. See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/encryption#customer-supplied.
`kms_key_name`	`str` (Optional) Resource name of Cloud KMS key used to encrypt the blob's contents.
`generation`	`long` (Optional) If present, selects a specific revision of this object.

Properties

acl

Create our ACL on demand.

bucket

Bucket which contains the object.

Returns
Type	Description
`Bucket`	The object's bucket.

cache_control

Scalar property getter.

chunk_size

Get the blob's default chunk size.

Returns
Type	Description
`int or NoneType`	The current blob's chunk size, if it is set.

client

The client bound to this blob.

component_count

Number of underlying components that make up this object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`int or NoneType`	The component count (in case of a composed object) or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server. This property will not be set on objects not created via `compose`.

content_disposition

Scalar property getter.

content_encoding

Scalar property getter.

content_language

Scalar property getter.

content_type

Scalar property getter.

crc32c

Scalar property getter.

custom_time

Retrieve the custom time for the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`datetime.datetime or NoneType`	Datetime object parsed from RFC3339 valid timestamp, or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server (see `reload`).

encryption_key

Retrieve the customer-supplied encryption key for the object.

Returns
Type	Description
`bytes or NoneType`	The encryption key or `None` if no customer-supplied encryption key was used, or the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

etag

Retrieve the ETag for the object.

See RFC 2616 (etags) and API reference docs.

Returns
Type	Description
`str or NoneType`	The blob etag or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

event_based_hold

Scalar property getter.

generation

Retrieve the generation for the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`int or NoneType`	The generation of the blob or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

id

Retrieve the ID for the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

The ID consists of the bucket name, object name, and generation number.

Returns
Type	Description
`str or NoneType`	The ID of the blob or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

kms_key_name

Resource name of Cloud KMS key used to encrypt the blob's contents.

Returns
Type	Description
`str or NoneType`	The resource name or `None` if no Cloud KMS key was used, or the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

md5_hash

Scalar property getter.

media_link

Retrieve the media download URI for the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`str or NoneType`	The media link for the blob or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

metadata

Retrieve arbitrary/application specific metadata for the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

:setter: Update arbitrary/application specific metadata for the object. :getter: Retrieve arbitrary/application specific metadata for the object.

Returns
Type	Description
`dict or NoneType`	The metadata associated with the blob or `None` if the property is not set.

metageneration

Retrieve the metageneration for the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`int or NoneType`	The metageneration of the blob or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

owner

Retrieve info about the owner of the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`dict or NoneType`	Mapping of owner's role/ID, or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

path

Getter property for the URL path to this Blob.

Returns
Type	Description
`str`	The URL path to this Blob.

public_url

The public URL for this blob.

Use make_public to enable anonymous access via the returned URL.

Returns
Type	Description
`string`	The public URL for this blob.

retention_expiration_time

Retrieve timestamp at which the object's retention period expires.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`datetime.datetime or NoneType`	Datetime object parsed from RFC3339 valid timestamp, or `None` if the property is not set locally.

self_link

Retrieve the URI for the object.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`str or NoneType`	The self link for the blob or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

size

Size of the object, in bytes.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`int or NoneType`	The size of the blob or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server.

storage_class

Scalar property getter.

temporary_hold

Scalar property getter.

time_created

Retrieve the timestamp at which the object was created.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`datetime.datetime or NoneType`	Datetime object parsed from RFC3339 valid timestamp, or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server (see `reload`).

time_deleted

Retrieve the timestamp at which the object was deleted.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`datetime.datetime or NoneType`	Datetime object parsed from RFC3339 valid timestamp, or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server (see `reload`). If the blob has not been deleted, this will never be set.

updated

Retrieve the timestamp at which the object was updated.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/json_api/v1/objects

Returns
Type	Description
`datetime.datetime or NoneType`	Datetime object parsed from RFC3339 valid timestamp, or `None` if the blob's resource has not been loaded from the server (see `reload`).

user_project

Project ID billed for API requests made via this blob.

Derived from bucket's value.

Methods

Blob

Blob(
    name,
    bucket,
    chunk_size=None,
    encryption_key=None,
    kms_key_name=None,
    generation=None,
)

property name Get the blob's name.

compose

compose(sources, client=None, timeout=60, if_generation_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_source_generation_match=None, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Concatenate source blobs into this one.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`sources`	`list of Blob` Blobs whose contents will be composed into this blob.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the destination object's current generation matches the given value. Setting to 0 makes the operation succeed only if there are no live versions of the object. .. note:: In a previous version, this argument worked identically to the `if_source_generation_match` argument. For backwards-compatibility reasons, if a list is passed in, this argument will behave like `if_source_generation_match` and also issue a DeprecationWarning.
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the destination object's current metageneration matches the given value. If a list of long is passed in, no match operation will be performed. (Deprecated: type(list of long) is supported for backwards-compatability reasons only.)
`if_source_generation_match`	`list of long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the current generation of each source blob matches the corresponding generation. The list must match `sources` item-to-item.
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries` .. rubric:: Example Compose blobs using source generation match preconditions. >>> from google.cloud import storage >>> client = storage.Client() >>> bucket = client.bucket("bucket-name") >>> blobs = [bucket.blob("blob-name-1"), bucket.blob("blob-name-2")] >>> if_source_generation_match = [None] * len(blobs) >>> if_source_generation_match[0] = "123" # precondition for "blob-name-1" >>> composed_blob = bucket.blob("composed-name") >>> composed_blob.compose(blobs, if_source_generation_match=if_source_generation_match)

create_resumable_upload_session

create_resumable_upload_session(content_type=None, size=None, origin=None, client=None, timeout=60, checksum=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Create a resumable upload session.

Resumable upload sessions allow you to start an upload session from one client and complete the session in another. This method is called by the initiator to set the metadata and limits. The initiator then passes the session URL to the client that will upload the binary data. The client performs a PUT request on the session URL to complete the upload. This process allows untrusted clients to upload to an access-controlled bucket. For more details, see the documentation on signed URLs_.

.. _documentation on signed URLs: https://cloud.google.com/storage/ docs/access-control/signed-urls#signing-resumable

The content type of the upload will be determined in order of precedence:

The value passed in to this method (if not :data:None)
The value stored on the current blob
The default value ('application/octet-stream')

See the

object versioning
   <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/object-versioning>

and lifecycle <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/lifecycle> API documents for details.

If encryption_key is set, the blob will be encrypted with a customer-supplied encryption key.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`size`	`int` (Optional) The maximum number of bytes that can be uploaded using this session. If the size is not known when creating the session, this should be left blank.
`content_type`	`str` (Optional) Type of content being uploaded.
`origin`	`str` (Optional) If set, the upload can only be completed by a user-agent that uploads from the given origin. This can be useful when passing the session to a web client.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`checksum`	`str` (Optional) The type of checksum to compute to verify the integrity of the object. After the upload is complete, the server-computed checksum of the resulting object will be checked and google.resumable_media.common.DataCorruption will be raised on a mismatch. On a validation failure, the client will attempt to delete the uploaded object automatically. Supported values are "md5", "crc32c" and None. The default is None.
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_generation_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Exceptions
Type	Description
`GoogleCloudError`	if the session creation response returns an error status.

Returns
Type	Description
`str`	The resumable upload session URL. The upload can be completed by making an HTTP PUT request with the file's contents.

delete

delete(client=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Deletes a blob from Cloud Storage.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

Exceptions
Type	Description
`NotFound`	(propagated from delete_blob).

download_as_bytes

download_as_bytes(client=None, start=None, end=None, raw_download=False, if_etag_match=None, if_etag_not_match=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, checksum='md5', retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

Download the contents of this blob as a bytes object.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`start`	`int` (Optional) The first byte in a range to be downloaded.
`end`	`int` (Optional) The last byte in a range to be downloaded.
`raw_download`	`bool` (Optional) If true, download the object without any expansion.
`if_etag_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-match`
`if_etag_not_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-not-match`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`checksum`	`str` (Optional) The type of checksum to compute to verify the integrity of the object. The response headers must contain a checksum of the requested type. If the headers lack an appropriate checksum (for instance in the case of transcoded or ranged downloads where the remote service does not know the correct checksum, including downloads where chunk_size is set) an INFO-level log will be emitted. Supported values are "md5", "crc32c" and None. The default is "md5".
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_metageneration_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Exceptions
Type	Description
`NotFound`

Returns
Type	Description
`bytes`	The data stored in this blob.

download_as_string

download_as_string(client=None, start=None, end=None, raw_download=False, if_etag_match=None, if_etag_not_match=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

(Deprecated) Download the contents of this blob as a bytes object.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Note: Deprecated alias for download_as_bytes.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`start`	`int` (Optional) The first byte in a range to be downloaded.
`end`	`int` (Optional) The last byte in a range to be downloaded.
`raw_download`	`bool` (Optional) If true, download the object without any expansion.
`if_etag_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-match`
`if_etag_not_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-not-match`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_metageneration_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Exceptions
Type	Description
`NotFound`

Returns
Type	Description
`bytes`	The data stored in this blob.

download_as_text

download_as_text(client=None, start=None, end=None, raw_download=False, encoding=None, if_etag_match=None, if_etag_not_match=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

Download the contents of this blob as text (not bytes).

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`start`	`int` (Optional) The first byte in a range to be downloaded.
`end`	`int` (Optional) The last byte in a range to be downloaded.
`raw_download`	`bool` (Optional) If true, download the object without any expansion.
`encoding`	`str` (Optional) encoding to be used to decode the downloaded bytes. Defaults to the `charset` param of attr:`content_type`, or else to "utf-8".
`if_etag_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-match`
`if_etag_not_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-not-match`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_metageneration_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Returns
Type	Description
`text`	The data stored in this blob, decoded to text.

download_to_file

download_to_file(file_obj, client=None, start=None, end=None, raw_download=False, if_etag_match=None, if_etag_not_match=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, checksum='md5', retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

DEPRECATED. Download the contents of this blob into a file-like object.

Note: If the server-set property, media_link, is not yet initialized, makes an additional API request to load it.

.. literalinclude:: snippets.py :start-after: START download_to_file :end-before: END download_to_file :dedent: 4

The encryption_key should be a str or bytes with a length of at least 32.

If the chunk_size of a current blob is None, will download data in single download request otherwise it will download the chunk_size of data in each request.

For more fine-grained control over the download process, check out google-resumable-media. For example, this library allows downloading parts of a blob rather than the whole thing.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`file_obj`	`file` A file handle to which to write the blob's data.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`start`	`int` (Optional) The first byte in a range to be downloaded.
`end`	`int` (Optional) The last byte in a range to be downloaded.
`raw_download`	`bool` (Optional) If true, download the object without any expansion.
`if_etag_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-match`
`if_etag_not_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-not-match`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`checksum`	`str` (Optional) The type of checksum to compute to verify the integrity of the object. The response headers must contain a checksum of the requested type. If the headers lack an appropriate checksum (for instance in the case of transcoded or ranged downloads where the remote service does not know the correct checksum, including downloads where chunk_size is set) an INFO-level log will be emitted. Supported values are "md5", "crc32c" and None. The default is "md5".
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_metageneration_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Exceptions
Type	Description
`NotFound`

download_to_filename

download_to_filename(filename, client=None, start=None, end=None, raw_download=False, if_etag_match=None, if_etag_not_match=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, checksum='md5', retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

Download the contents of this blob into a named file.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`filename`	`str` A filename to be passed to `open`.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`start`	`int` (Optional) The first byte in a range to be downloaded.
`end`	`int` (Optional) The last byte in a range to be downloaded.
`raw_download`	`bool` (Optional) If true, download the object without any expansion.
`if_etag_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-match`
`if_etag_not_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-not-match`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`checksum`	`str` (Optional) The type of checksum to compute to verify the integrity of the object. The response headers must contain a checksum of the requested type. If the headers lack an appropriate checksum (for instance in the case of transcoded or ranged downloads where the remote service does not know the correct checksum, including downloads where chunk_size is set) an INFO-level log will be emitted. Supported values are "md5", "crc32c" and None. The default is "md5".
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_metageneration_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Exceptions
Type	Description
`NotFound`

exists

exists(client=None, if_etag_match=None, if_etag_not_match=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

Determines whether or not this blob exists.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`if_etag_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-match`
`if_etag_not_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-not-match`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

Returns
Type	Description
`bool`	True if the blob exists in Cloud Storage.

from_string

from_string(uri, client=None)

Get a constructor for blob object by URI.

Parameters
Name	Description
`uri`	`str` The blob uri pass to get blob object.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. Application code should always pass `client`.

Returns
Type	Description
`Blob`	The blob object created. .. rubric:: Example Get a constructor for blob object by URI. >>> from google.cloud import storage >>> from google.cloud.storage.blob import Blob >>> client = storage.Client() >>> blob = Blob.from_string("gs://bucket/object", client=client)

generate_signed_url

generate_signed_url(
    expiration=None,
    api_access_endpoint="https://storage.googleapis.com",
    method="GET",
    content_md5=None,
    content_type=None,
    response_disposition=None,
    response_type=None,
    generation=None,
    headers=None,
    query_parameters=None,
    client=None,
    credentials=None,
    version=None,
    service_account_email=None,
    access_token=None,
    virtual_hosted_style=False,
    bucket_bound_hostname=None,
    scheme="http",
)

Generates a signed URL for this blob.

Note: If you are on Google Compute Engine, you can't generate a signed URL using GCE service account. Follow Issue 50_ for updates on this. If you'd like to be able to generate a signed URL from GCE, you can use a standard service account from a JSON file rather than a GCE service account.

If you have a blob that you want to allow access to for a set amount of time, you can use this method to generate a URL that is only valid within a certain time period.

If bucket_bound_hostname is set as an argument of api_access_endpoint, https works only if using a CDN.

.. rubric:: Example

Generates a signed URL for this blob using bucket_bound_hostname and scheme.

from google.cloud import storage client = storage.Client() bucket = client.get_bucket('my-bucket-name') blob = bucket.get_blob('my-blob-name') url = blob.generate_signed_url(expiration='url-expiration-time', bucket_bound_hostname='mydomain.tld', version='v4') url = blob.generate_signed_url(expiration='url-expiration-time', bucket_bound_hostname='mydomain.tld', version='v4',scheme='https') # If using CDN

This is particularly useful if you don't want publicly accessible blobs, but don't want to require users to explicitly log in.

Parameters
Name	Description
`expiration`	`Union[Integer, datetime.datetime, datetime.timedelta]` Point in time when the signed URL should expire. If a `datetime` instance is passed without an explicit `tzinfo` set, it will be assumed to be `UTC`.
`api_access_endpoint`	`str` (Optional) URI base.
`method`	`str` The HTTP verb that will be used when requesting the URL.
`content_md5`	`str` (Optional) The MD5 hash of the object referenced by `resource`.
`content_type`	`str` (Optional) The content type of the object referenced by `resource`.
`response_disposition`	`str` (Optional) Content disposition of responses to requests for the signed URL. For example, to enable the signed URL to initiate a file of `blog.png`, use the value `'attachment; filename=blob.png'`.
`response_type`	`str` (Optional) Content type of responses to requests for the signed URL. Ignored if content_type is set on object/blob metadata.
`generation`	`str` (Optional) A value that indicates which generation of the resource to fetch.
`headers`	`dict` (Optional) Additional HTTP headers to be included as part of the signed URLs. See: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/xml-api/reference-headers Requests using the signed URL must pass the specified header (name and value) with each request for the URL.
`query_parameters`	`dict` (Optional) Additional query parameters to be included as part of the signed URLs. See: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/xml-api/reference-headers#query
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`credentials`	`google.auth.credentials.Credentials` (Optional) The authorization credentials to attach to requests. These credentials identify this application to the service. If none are specified, the client will attempt to ascertain the credentials from the environment.
`version`	`str` (Optional) The version of signed credential to create. Must be one of 'v2' 'v4'.
`service_account_email`	`str` (Optional) E-mail address of the service account.
`access_token`	`str` (Optional) Access token for a service account.
`virtual_hosted_style`	`bool` (Optional) If true, then construct the URL relative the bucket's virtual hostname, e.g., '
`bucket_bound_hostname`	`str` (Optional) If passed, then construct the URL relative to the bucket-bound hostname. Value can be a bare or with scheme, e.g., 'example.com' or 'http://example.com'. See: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/request-endpoints#cname
`scheme`	`str` (Optional) If `bucket_bound_hostname` is passed as a bare hostname, use this value as the scheme. `https` will work only when using a CDN. Defaults to `"http"`.

Exceptions
Type	Description
`ValueError	when version is invalid.
`TypeError	when expiration is not a valid type.
`AttributeError	if credentials is not an instance of `google.auth.credentials.Signing`.

Returns
Type	Description
`str`	A signed URL you can use to access the resource until expiration.

get_iam_policy

get_iam_policy(client=None, requested_policy_version=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

Retrieve the IAM policy for the object.

Note: Blob- / object-level IAM support does not yet exist and methods currently call an internal ACL backend not providing any utility beyond the blob's acl at this time. The API may be enhanced in the future and is currently undocumented. Use acl for managing object access control.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the current object's bucket.
`requested_policy_version`	`int or NoneType` (Optional) The version of IAM policies to request. If a policy with a condition is requested without setting this, the server will return an error. This must be set to a value of 3 to retrieve IAM policies containing conditions. This is to prevent client code that isn't aware of IAM conditions from interpreting and modifying policies incorrectly. The service might return a policy with version lower than the one that was requested, based on the feature syntax in the policy fetched.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

Returns
Type	Description
`google.api_core.iam.Policy`	the policy instance, based on the resource returned from the `getIamPolicy` API request.

make_private

make_private(client=None, timeout=60, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Update blob's ACL, revoking read access for anonymous users.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client or NoneType` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

make_public

make_public(client=None, timeout=60, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Update blob's ACL, granting read access to anonymous users.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client or NoneType` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

open

open(
    mode="r",
    chunk_size=None,
    ignore_flush=None,
    encoding=None,
    errors=None,
    newline=None,
    **kwargs
)

Create a file handler for file-like I/O to or from this blob.

This method can be used as a context manager, just like Python's built-in 'open()' function.

While reading, as with other read methods, if blob.generation is not set the most recent blob generation will be used. Because the file-like IO reader downloads progressively in chunks, this could result in data from multiple versions being mixed together. If this is a concern, use either bucket.get_blob(), or blob.reload(), which will download the latest generation number and set it; or, if the generation is known, set it manually, for instance with bucket.blob(generation=123456).

Checksumming (hashing) to verify data integrity is disabled for reads using this feature because reads are implemented using request ranges, which do not provide checksums to validate. See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/hashes-etags for details.

Parameters
Name	Description
`mode`	`str` (Optional) A mode string, as per standard Python `open()` semantics.The first character must be 'r', to open the blob for reading, or 'w' to open it for writing. The second character, if present, must be 't' for (unicode) text mode, or 'b' for bytes mode. If the second character is omitted, text mode is the default.
`chunk_size`	`long` (Optional) For reads, the minimum number of bytes to read at a time. If fewer bytes than the chunk_size are requested, the remainder is buffered. For writes, the maximum number of bytes to buffer before sending data to the server, and the size of each request when data is sent. Writes are implemented as a "resumable upload", so chunk_size for writes must be exactly a multiple of 256KiB as with other resumable uploads. The default is 40 MiB.
`ignore_flush`	`bool` (Optional) For non text-mode writes, makes flush() do nothing instead of raising an error. flush() without closing is not supported by the remote service and therefore calling it normally results in io.UnsupportedOperation. However, that behavior is incompatible with some consumers and wrappers of file objects in Python, such as zipfile.ZipFile or io.TextIOWrapper. Setting ignore_flush will cause flush() to successfully do nothing, for compatibility with those contexts. The correct way to actually flush data to the remote server is to close() (using a context manager, such as in the example, will cause this to happen automatically).
`encoding`	`str` (Optional) For text mode only, the name of the encoding that the stream will be decoded or encoded with. If omitted, it defaults to locale.getpreferredencoding(False).
`errors`	`str` (Optional) For text mode only, an optional string that specifies how encoding and decoding errors are to be handled. Pass 'strict' to raise a ValueError exception if there is an encoding error (the default of None has the same effect), or pass 'ignore' to ignore errors. (Note that ignoring encoding errors can lead to data loss.) Other more rarely-used options are also available; see the Python 'io' module documentation for 'io.TextIOWrapper' for a complete list.
`newline`	`str` (Optional) For text mode only, controls how line endings are handled. It can be None, '', '\n', '\r', and '\r\n'. If None, reads use "universal newline mode" and writes use the system default. See the Python 'io' module documentation for 'io.TextIOWrapper' for details.

patch

patch(client=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Sends all changed properties in a PATCH request.

Updates the _properties with the response from the backend.

If user_project is set, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client or NoneType` the client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the current object.
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

path_helper

path_helper(bucket_path, blob_name)

Relative URL path for a blob.

Parameters
Name	Description
`bucket_path`	`str` The URL path for a bucket.
`blob_name`	`str` The name of the blob.

Returns
Type	Description
`str`	The relative URL path for `blob_name`.

reload

reload(client=None, projection='noAcl', if_etag_match=None, if_etag_not_match=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

Reload properties from Cloud Storage.

If user_project is set, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client or NoneType` the client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the current object.
`projection`	`str` (Optional) If used, must be 'full' or 'noAcl'. Defaults to `'noAcl'`. Specifies the set of properties to return.
`if_etag_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]]` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-match`
`if_etag_not_match`	`Union[str, Set[str]])` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-etag-not-match`
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

rewrite

rewrite(source, token=None, client=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, if_source_generation_match=None, if_source_generation_not_match=None, if_source_metageneration_match=None, if_source_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Rewrite source blob into this one.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`source`	`Blob` blob whose contents will be rewritten into this blob.
`token`	`str` (Optional) Token returned from an earlier, not-completed call to rewrite the same source blob. If passed, result will include updated status, total bytes written.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match` Note that the generation to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match` Note that the generation to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match` Note that the metageneration to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match` Note that the metageneration to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_source_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's generation matches the given value.
`if_source_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's generation does not match the given value.
`if_source_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's current metageneration matches the given value.
`if_source_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's current metageneration does not match the given value.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

Returns
Type	Description
`tuple`	`(token, bytes_rewritten, total_bytes)`, where `token` is a rewrite token (`None` if the rewrite is complete), `bytes_rewritten` is the number of bytes rewritten so far, and `total_bytes` is the total number of bytes to be rewritten.

set_iam_policy

set_iam_policy(policy, client=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Update the IAM policy for the bucket.

Parameters
Name	Description
`policy`	`google.api_core.iam.Policy` policy instance used to update bucket's IAM policy.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the current bucket.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

Returns
Type	Description
`google.api_core.iam.Policy`	the policy instance, based on the resource returned from the `setIamPolicy` API request.

test_iam_permissions

test_iam_permissions(permissions, client=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.api_core.retry.Retry object>)

API call: test permissions

Parameters
Name	Description
`permissions`	`list of string` the permissions to check
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the current bucket.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

Returns
Type	Description
`list of string`	the permissions returned by the `testIamPermissions` API request.

update

update(client=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Sends all properties in a PUT request.

Updates the _properties with the response from the backend.

If user_project is set, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`client`	`Client or NoneType` the client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the current object.
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

update_storage_class

update_storage_class(new_class, client=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, if_source_generation_match=None, if_source_generation_not_match=None, if_source_metageneration_match=None, if_source_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Update blob's storage class via a rewrite-in-place. This helper will wait for the rewrite to complete before returning, so it may take some time for large files.

See https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/per-object-storage-class

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`new_class`	`str` new storage class for the object. One of: NEARLINE_STORAGE_CLASS, COLDLINE_STORAGE_CLASS, ARCHIVE_STORAGE_CLASS, STANDARD_STORAGE_CLASS, MULTI_REGIONAL_LEGACY_STORAGE_CLASS, or REGIONAL_LEGACY_STORAGE_CLASS.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match` Note that the generation to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match` Note that the generation to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match` Note that the metageneration to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match` Note that the metageneration to be matched is that of the `destination` blob.
`if_source_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's generation matches the given value.
`if_source_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's generation does not match the given value.
`if_source_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's current metageneration matches the given value.
`if_source_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) Makes the operation conditional on whether the source object's current metageneration does not match the given value.
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. See: `configuring_retries`

upload_from_file

upload_from_file(file_obj, rewind=False, size=None, content_type=None, num_retries=None, client=None, predefined_acl=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, checksum=None, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Upload the contents of this blob from a file-like object.

The content type of the upload will be determined in order of precedence:

The value passed in to this method (if not :data:None)
The value stored on the current blob
The default value ('application/octet-stream')

See the object versioning and lifecycle API documents for details.

Uploading a file with a customer-supplied encryption key:

.. literalinclude:: snippets.py :start-after: START upload_from_file :end-before: END upload_from_file :dedent: 4

The encryption_key should be a str or bytes with a length of at least 32.

If the size of the data to be uploaded exceeds 8 MB a resumable media request will be used, otherwise the content and the metadata will be uploaded in a single multipart upload request.

For more fine-grained over the upload process, check out google-resumable-media.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`file_obj`	`file` A file handle open for reading.
`rewind`	`bool` If True, seek to the beginning of the file handle before writing the file to Cloud Storage.
`size`	`int` The number of bytes to be uploaded (which will be read from `file_obj`). If not provided, the upload will be concluded once `file_obj` is exhausted.
`content_type`	`str` (Optional) Type of content being uploaded.
`num_retries`	`int` Number of upload retries. By default, only uploads with if_generation_match set will be retried, as uploads without the argument are not guaranteed to be idempotent. Setting num_retries will override this default behavior and guarantee retries even when if_generation_match is not set. (Deprecated: This argument will be removed in a future release.)
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`predefined_acl`	`str` (Optional) Predefined access control list
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`checksum`	`str` (Optional) The type of checksum to compute to verify the integrity of the object. If the upload is completed in a single request, the checksum will be entirely precomputed and the remote server will handle verification and error handling. If the upload is too large and must be transmitted in multiple requests, the checksum will be incrementally computed and the client will handle verification and error handling, raising google.resumable_media.common.DataCorruption on a mismatch and attempting to delete the corrupted file. Supported values are "md5", "crc32c" and None. The default is None.
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_generation_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Exceptions
Type	Description
`GoogleCloudError`	if the upload response returns an error status. .. _object versioning: https://cloud.google.com/storage/ docs/object-versioning .. _lifecycle: https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/lifecycle

upload_from_filename

upload_from_filename(filename, content_type=None, num_retries=None, client=None, predefined_acl=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, checksum=None, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Upload this blob's contents from the content of a named file.

The content type of the upload will be determined in order of precedence:

The value passed in to this method (if not :data:None)
The value stored on the current blob
The value given by mimetypes.guess_type
The default value ('application/octet-stream')

See the

object versioning
   <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/object-versioning>

and lifecycle <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/lifecycle> API documents for details.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`filename`	`str` The path to the file.
`content_type`	`str` (Optional) Type of content being uploaded.
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`num_retries`	`int` Number of upload retries. By default, only uploads with if_generation_match set will be retried, as uploads without the argument are not guaranteed to be idempotent. Setting num_retries will override this default behavior and guarantee retries even when if_generation_match is not set. (Deprecated: This argument will be removed in a future release.)
`predefined_acl`	`str` (Optional) Predefined access control list
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`checksum`	`str` (Optional) The type of checksum to compute to verify the integrity of the object. If the upload is completed in a single request, the checksum will be entirely precomputed and the remote server will handle verification and error handling. If the upload is too large and must be transmitted in multiple requests, the checksum will be incrementally computed and the client will handle verification and error handling, raising google.resumable_media.common.DataCorruption on a mismatch and attempting to delete the corrupted file. Supported values are "md5", "crc32c" and None. The default is None.
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_generation_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

upload_from_string

upload_from_string(data, content_type='text/plain', num_retries=None, client=None, predefined_acl=None, if_generation_match=None, if_generation_not_match=None, if_metageneration_match=None, if_metageneration_not_match=None, timeout=60, checksum=None, retry=<google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy object>)

Upload contents of this blob from the provided string.

See the

object versioning
   <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/object-versioning>

and lifecycle <https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/lifecycle> API documents for details.

If user_project is set on the bucket, bills the API request to that project.

Parameters
Name	Description
`data`	`bytes or str` The data to store in this blob. If the value is text, it will be encoded as UTF-8.
`content_type`	`str` (Optional) Type of content being uploaded. Defaults to `'text/plain'`.
`num_retries`	`int` Number of upload retries. By default, only uploads with if_generation_match set will be retried, as uploads without the argument are not guaranteed to be idempotent. Setting num_retries will override this default behavior and guarantee retries even when if_generation_match is not set. (Deprecated: This argument will be removed in a future release.)
`client`	`Client` (Optional) The client to use. If not passed, falls back to the `client` stored on the blob's bucket.
`predefined_acl`	`str` (Optional) Predefined access control list
`if_generation_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-match`
`if_generation_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-generation-not-match`
`if_metageneration_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-match`
`if_metageneration_not_match`	`long` (Optional) See :ref:`using-if-metageneration-not-match`
`timeout`	`float or tuple` (Optional) The amount of time, in seconds, to wait for the server response. See: `configuring_timeouts`
`checksum`	`str` (Optional) The type of checksum to compute to verify the integrity of the object. If the upload is completed in a single request, the checksum will be entirely precomputed and the remote server will handle verification and error handling. If the upload is too large and must be transmitted in multiple requests, the checksum will be incrementally computed and the client will handle verification and error handling, raising google.resumable_media.common.DataCorruption on a mismatch and attempting to delete the corrupted file. Supported values are "md5", "crc32c" and None. The default is None.
`retry`	`google.api_core.retry.Retry or google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy` (Optional) How to retry the RPC. A None value will disable retries. A google.api_core.retry.Retry value will enable retries, and the object will define retriable response codes and errors and configure backoff and timeout options. A google.cloud.storage.retry.ConditionalRetryPolicy value wraps a Retry object and activates it only if certain conditions are met. This class exists to provide safe defaults for RPC calls that are not technically safe to retry normally (due to potential data duplication or other side-effects) but become safe to retry if a condition such as if_generation_match is set. See the retry.py source code and docstrings in this package (google.cloud.storage.retry) for information on retry types and how to configure them. Media operations (downloads and uploads) do not support non-default predicates in a Retry object. The default will always be used. Other configuration changes for Retry objects such as delays and deadlines are respected.

Class Blob (2.4.0)

Parameters

Properties

acl

bucket

cache_control

chunk_size

client

component_count

content_disposition

content_encoding

content_language

content_type

crc32c

custom_time

encryption_key

etag

event_based_hold

generation

id

kms_key_name

md5_hash

media_link

metadata

metageneration

owner

path

public_url

retention_expiration_time

self_link

size

storage_class

temporary_hold

time_created

time_deleted

updated

user_project

Methods

Blob

compose

create_resumable_upload_session

delete

download_as_bytes

download_as_string

download_as_text

download_to_file

download_to_filename

exists

from_string

generate_signed_url

get_iam_policy

make_private

make_public

open

patch

path_helper

reload

rewrite

set_iam_policy

test_iam_permissions

update

update_storage_class

upload_from_file

upload_from_filename

upload_from_string