This document tells you how to troubleshoot Migrate to Virtual Machines OS adaptation errors and warnings.
Errors are critical issues that prevent execution of the OS adaptation. They indicate underlying problems that require your immediate attention and resolution before you can proceed with the process. Warnings, while not fatal, provide valuable information for your awareness. They highlight potential issues or inconsistencies detected during the adaptation process, even if cloning is successful.
Each adaptation process generates an adaptation report which details any errors or warnings encountered during the process.
While most OS adaptations are automated, in some cases you must troubleshoot and fix errors and warnings to complete the cloning process. The following errors and warnings highlight situations where such modifications are necessary.
OS adaptation errors
The following table lists the errors that you might encounter during the OS adaptation process, and the troubleshooting information for each error.
| Message | Action Item |
|---|---|
| Cannot find operating system on the VM disks. | Verify that the VM disks contain a valid operating system and that they are not encrypted, for example, with BitLocker. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| More than one operating system was found on the VM disks. | Mark the operating system that you want to adapt. On Windows run
mkdir %SystemDrive%\Google\Migrate, on Linux run
mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate && ls -la /dev/disk/*/* > /etc/google/migrate/disk-mappings-hints.
Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| More than one root file system is marked with a hint directory. | Ensure that a hint directory exists only on a single root file system. On
Windows: %SystemDrive%\Google\Migrate, on Linux:
/etc/google/migrate. Changes to the source VM take effect in
subsequent replication cycles. |
| Insufficient inodes on the {mount_point} file system. | Ensure that at least {required_free_inodes} inodes are available on the {mount_point} file system. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Insufficient disk space on the {mount_point} volume. | Ensure that at least {required_free_space_mb} MBs of free space is available on the {mount_point} volume. We recommend that you take a source snapshot before making changes to the {mount_point} volume. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| VirtIO drivers are missing in the Linux kernel. | Verify that a Linux kernel with VirtIO driver support (virtio_scsi,
virtio_net) is installed on the source VM. These drivers are
required to run a migrated VM on Compute Engine. Changes to the source VM take
effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
The /etc/fstab file contains volatile critical entries, for
example, non-persistent block device names. |
Run mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate && ls -la /dev/disk/*/* >
/etc/google/migrate/disk-mappings-hints on the source VM. Changes to the
source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| The {file_path} file contains volatile critical entries, for example, non-persistent block device names. | Run mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate && ls -la /dev/disk/*/* >
/etc/google/migrate/disk-mappings-hints on the source VM. Changes to the
source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Couldn't find {directory} or {directory} is empty. | Verify that {directory} exists, is not empty, and is not a soft link to a missing volume. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Couldn't find {file}. | Verify that {file} exists and it is not a soft link to a missing volume. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Failed to mount critical entries from /etc/fstab, for example,
duplicate fstab entries or missing devices. Error: {error_details} |
Inspect the /etc/fstab settings in the source VM, or contact
support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Unsupported operating system: {os_description}. | See the product documentation for the list of supported operating systems - Supported operating systems. |
| Unsupported operating system: amazonlinux2.0. | You have attempted to migrate a VM running an Amazon Linux 2 OS, which is not
supported on Google Cloud. To migrate the VM, the OS must be converted to a
supported OS. The capability of converting the OS to a supported OS is available
as part of an experimental program -
Migrate an Amazon Linux 2 VM to Google Cloud.
To perform a conversion, run the mkdir -p
/etc/google/migrate/elevate_amazonlinux2_to_rocky command on the source
VM. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| BIOS to UEFI conversion is not supported on {os_description}. | See the product documentation for the list of supported operating systems for BIOS to UEFI conversion - Supported operating systems. |
| Unsupported operating system: {os_description}. | See the product documentation for the list of supported operating systems - Supported operating systems. Alternatively, consider using disk migration to migrate the data disks, see Migrate VM disks. |
| BIOS to UEFI conversion is not supported on {os_description}. | See the product documentation for the list of supported operating systems for BIOS to UEFI conversion - Supported operating systems. Alternatively, consider using disk migration to migrate the data disks, see Migrate VM disks. |
| Architecture {architecture} is not supported for {os_type} operating systems. | See the product documentation for the list of supported architectures - Supported operating systems. |
| BIOS to UEFI conversion is not supported on {os_type} operating systems with architecture {architecture}. | See the product documentation for the list of supported architectures for BIOS to UEFI conversion - Supported operating systems. |
| Couldn't detect a supported Linux bootloader, for example, Grub. This may occur in older operating systems or if the selected boot type (BIOS/UEFI) is not supported by the installed operating system. | See the product documentation for the list of supported operating systems, and ensure that the boot type (BIOS/UEFI) of the operating system is set correctly - Supported operating systems. |
| Cannot install package(s) google-compute-engine: {error_message} | Try resolving the underlying issues and installing the package manually, or
contact support. If you want to continue without installing these packages, run
mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate/skip_failed_install on the source VM.
Note that some Compute Engine features may not work without the guest
environment. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication
cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) {package_name}: {error_message} | Try resolving the underlying issues, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) {package_name}: {error_message} | Try resolving the underlying issues and installing the package manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) {package_name}: {error_message} | Try resolving the underlying issues and installing the package manually, or
contact support. If you want to continue without installing these packages, run
mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate/skip_failed_install on the source VM.
Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install or update critical package(s) {packages} without breaking dependencies: {error_message} | Try manually installing package(s) {packages} on the source VM, or contact
support. To repair broken packages post migration, run mkdir -p
/etc/google/migrate/skip_broken_packages on the source VM. To skip the
installation, run mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate/skip_failed_install
on the source VM. Note that skipping the installation may result in failures in
later steps. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication
cycles. |
DISM installation of {driver} failed with the exit code:
{exit_code} |
Contact support or see Microsoft documentation - Debug system error codes, to fix the error. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
DISM installation of {driver} failed with the exit code: 2 |
Disable any antivirus or other security software which may prevent
DISM from accessing the file system. If the issue persists, run the
commands: sfc /scannow and dism /online /cleanup-image
/restorehealth to fix the issue. Changes to the source VM take effect in
subsequent replication cycles. |
| Unable to load the Windows registry of this VM. The {hive_name} hive might have inconsistencies. | Retry a replication cycle, test clone, cut over. If the issue persists, try
fixing the registry using Scanregw.exe, or contact support. Changes
to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Timed out loading the Windows registry hives. | See Microsoft KB #2498915 to compress potentially bloated registry hives, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Unable to decode /etc/google/migrate/disk-mappings-hints with utf-8
codec. |
Rerun mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate && ls -la /dev/disk/*/* >
/etc/google/migrate/disk-mappings-hints and verify if the written output
is a valid utf-8. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication
cycles. |
| Failed to mount the file system on {mountable}. This usually indicates file system inconsistencies. | Try fixing the file system using tools such as {tool_name}. If the issue persists, contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Unable to parse /etc/fstab due to the trailing commas at line
{line_number}: {line_content} |
Remove the trailing commas, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Unable to parse /etc/fstab due to white-spaces in the path at line
{line_number}: {line_content} |
Replace the white-spaces with
\040 and validate by running mount -a, or contact
support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Unable to parse /etc/fstab as a quote is not terminated or closed
at line {line_number}: {line_content} |
Remove the non-terminated quote or close the quote and validate by running
mount -a, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect
in subsequent replication cycles. |
Unable to parse /etc/fstab at line {line_number}: {line_content} |
Run mount -a and fix the resulting errors, or contact support.
Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Unable to parse {path} at line {line_number}: {line_content} | Try fixing the format, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Unable to find any kernel package installed even though /boot
contains valid Linux kernel executable(s). |
Reinstall the kernel using a standard package manager. If the issue persists, contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Unable to find any kernel under /boot. |
Verify that
/boot contains a valid Linux kernel executable (vmlinuz or Image),
or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent
replication cycles. |
Unable to find any
initrd or initramfs images under /boot. |
Verify that
/boot contains a valid initial RAM disk image (initrd or initramfs),
or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent
replication cycles. |
The /etc/fstab file contains critical entries with missing volumes:
{specs}. |
Verify that the specified volumes exist, update the /etc/fstab
file, try to fix the logical-volumes configuration, or contact support. Changes
to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Failed to flush {volumes_or_disks}. Some volumes are marked by Windows as Dirty. | Run chkdsk /f on all available drives on the source VM. If the
issue persists, contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in
subsequent replication cycles. |
Couldn't find grub-mkconfig and grub2-mkconfig. |
Install the grub2-common package. Changes to the source VM take
effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| The partition table for the {devices} is invalid. | Fix the partition table with a tool such as FixParts. If the issue persists, contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Failed adapting OS when force_skip_verifications flag is set. |
Remove the
force_skip_verifications flag by running the following command on the source VM. On Windows: run rmdir %SystemDrive%\Google\Migrate\force_skip_verifications,
on Linux: run rmdir /etc/google/migrate/force_skip_verifications. |
tboot is not supported. |
Remove tboot from the bootloader configuration. Changes to the
source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Failed to update /etc/sudoers. This is required to allow the guest
environment to add sudo permissions to users based on IAM roles. |
Ensure
/etc/sudoers is editable on the source VM, or run touch /etc/google/migrate/skip_editing_sudoers to skip editing /etc/sudoers.
Note that granting sudo access through IAM roles won't work on a VM
without these changes. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent
replication cycles. |
Failed to update /etc/sudoers: permission denied. This is required
to allow the guest environment to add sudo permissions to users
based on IAM roles. |
Ensure
/etc/sudoers is editable on the source VM, or run touch /etc/google/migrate/skip_editing_sudoers to skip editing /etc/sudoers.
Note that granting sudo access through IAM roles won't work on a VM
without these changes. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent
replication cycles. |
This image has already been generalized (sysprep.exe /generalize
has already been executed). |
Retry without the generalize option selected. Changes to the source
VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Failed to generalize the image by executing
sysprep.exe /generalize. |
Generalize the source image and retry without the generalize option
selected. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Failed to install packages due to dpkg misconfigured package(s):
{packages} |
Rebuild
dpkg configuration by running rm /var/cache/debconf/config.dat && dpkg --configure -a.
If this fails or the error persists, remove the failing package(s), rebuild the
dpkg configuration again, and then re-install the package(s) if
needed. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
Timed-out configuring dpkg. |
Rebuild
dpkg configuration by running rm /var/cache/debconf/config.dat && dpkg --configure -a.
If this fails or the error persists, remove the failing package(s), rebuild the
dpkg configuration again, and then re-install the package(s) if
needed. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Failed to boot the adapted VM to complete the conversion. | Boot failures occur due to inconsistent snapshots. Try powering off the source VM, replicating a powered off clone of the source VM, or using disk migration instead. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| The operating system cannot be automatically converted to Rocky Linux 8. | We recommend that you use the VM disk migration flow to migrate your VM to Google Cloud. See Migrate VM disks. |
OS adaptation warnings
The following table lists the warnings that you might encounter during the OS adaptation process, and the troubleshooting information for each warning.
| Message | Action Item |
|---|---|
| The following package(s) were broken and had to be removed in order to install critical packages: {packages} | Remove the broken packages and verify that your VM and applications are working as expected. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot apply {requested_license} license to {os_info}. | Choose an applicable license from: {applicable_licenses}. |
The /etc/fstab file contains volatile entries, for example,
non-persistent block device names. |
Run mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate && ls -la /dev/disk/*/* >
/etc/google/migrate/disk-mappings-hints on the source VM. Changes to the
source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
The /etc/fstab file contains {mount_type} entries. |
Ensure that all the {mount_type} entries are accessible from the target VM after migration, or that the target VM successfully boots without access to the {mount_type} entries. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| The {file_path} file contains volatile critical entries, for example, non-persistent block device names. | Run mkdir -p /etc/google/migrate && ls -la /dev/disk/*/* >
/etc/google/migrate/disk-mappings-hints on the source VM. Changes to the
source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) google-compute-engine: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) google-osconfig-agent: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) google-cloud-sdk: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) google-cloud-cli: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) google-rhui-client: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) cloud-regionsrv-client: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) google-cloud-sap-agent: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) dhcp-client: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Cannot install package(s) {package_name}: {error_message} | Resolve the underlying issues and install the package(s) manually, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Missing VMware Tools. The VM may not be able to shut down gracefully. A forced shut down may result in data loss. | Install VMware Tools or gracefully shutdown your VM before executing a cut-over. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| The security software: {software} can potentially lead to first boot configuration failures and connectivity issues. | Create a test clone and verify that the new VM instance boots successfully with network connectivity. Otherwise, consider disabling {software}, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Failed to add metadata server to {hosts_path}. | Verify that {hosts_path} exists and is editable by the user: Administrator. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| Failed to set NTP special poll interval registry value. | Verify that the registry path {path} is editable by the user: Administrator. Wait for the changes to get applied, or manually edit the registry to set its value to {value}. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent replication cycles. |
| The network outbound of one of the following profile types: {profiles} is blocked, and not merged with local firewall policy. This can potentially lead to first boot configuration failures and connectivity issues. | Consider allowing the merge of local firewall policies by setting
AllowLocalPolicyMerge to 1 in all the mentioned profiles.
Alternatively, define a remote policy which allows RDP and metadata-server
access, or contact support. Changes to the source VM take effect in subsequent
replication cycles. |
Package cpio was missing or misconfigured, and was installed to
allow properly configuring the operating system. Package pax was
installed to prevent vulnerability to CVE-2022-41352. |
If needed, packages cpio and pax can be removed post
migration. |
| Some packages don't have a proper replacement and were removed, downgraded or excluded from conversion. Check the file {removed_packages_file_path} for the list of the removed packages, the file {downgraded_packages_file_path} for the list of the downgraded packages and the file {excluded_packages_file_path} for the list of the excluded packages. | Install the removed, downgraded and excluded packages as needed on the target VM to restore application capabilities. |