Class CharEscapers (1.45.0)

Utility functions for encoding and decoding URIs.

Decodes application/x-www-form-urlencoded strings. The UTF-8 character set determines what characters are represented by any consecutive sequences of the form "%XX".

This replaces each occurrence of '+' with a space, ' '. This method should not be used for non-application/x-www-form-urlencoded strings such as host and path.

Decodes the path component of a URI. This does not convert + into spaces (the behavior of java.net.URLDecoder#decode(String, String)). This method transforms URI encoded values into their decoded symbols.

e.g. decodePath("%3Co%3E") returns "

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in application/x-www-form-urlencoded data. This is not appropriate for generic URI escaping. In particular it encodes the space character as a plus sign instead of percent escaping it, in contravention of the URI specification. For details on application/x-www-form-urlencoded encoding see the see HTML 4 specification, section 17.13.4.1.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

• The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
• The special characters ".", "-", "*", and "_" remain the same.
• The space character " " is converted into a plus sign "+".
• All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

This escaper has identical behavior to (but is potentially much faster than):

• java.net.URLEncoder#encode(String, String) with the encoding name "UTF-8"

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in any part of a URI. For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

• The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
• The special characters ".", "-", "*", and "_" remain the same.
• The space character " " is converted into "%20".
• All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in URI path segments. For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

• The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
• The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
• The general delimiters "@" and ":" remain the same.
• The subdelimiters "!", "$", "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", ",", ";", and "=" remain the same.
• The space character " " is converted into %20.
• All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

Escapes a URI path but retains all reserved characters, including all general delimiters. That is the same as #escapeUriPath(String) except that it does not escape '?', '+', and '/'.

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in URI query string segments. When the query string consists of a sequence of name=value pairs separated by &, the names and values should be individually encoded. If you escape an entire query string in one pass with this escaper, then the "=" and "&" characters used as separators will also be escaped.

This escaper is also suitable for escaping fragment identifiers.

For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

• The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
• The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
• The general delimiters "@" and ":" remain the same.
• The path delimiters "/" and "?" remain the same.
• The subdelimiters "!", "$", "'", "(", ")", "*", ",", and ";", remain the same.
• The space character " " is converted into %20.
• The equals sign "=" is converted into %3D.
• The ampersand "&" is converted into %26.
• All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."

Escapes the string value so it can be safely included in URI user info part. For details on escaping URIs, see RFC 3986 - section 2.4.

When encoding a String, the following rules apply:

• The alphanumeric characters "a" through "z", "A" through "Z" and "0" through "9" remain the same.
• The unreserved characters ".", "-", "~", and "_" remain the same.
• The general delimiter ":" remains the same.
• The subdelimiters "!", "$", "&", "'", "(", ")", "*", ",", ";", and "=" remain the same.
• The space character " " is converted into %20.
• All other characters are converted into one or more bytes using UTF-8 encoding and each byte is then represented by the 3-character string "%XY", where "XY" is the two-digit, uppercase, hexadecimal representation of the byte value.

Note: Unlike other escapers, URI escapers produce uppercase hexadecimal sequences. From RFC 3986:
"URI producers and normalizers should use uppercase hexadecimal digits for all percent-encodings."