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Configurar declarações personalizadas para usuários
Neste documento, você verá como configurar declarações personalizadas em usuários com
o Identity Platform. As declarações personalizadas são inseridas em tokens de usuários durante
a autenticação. O aplicativo pode usar essas declarações para lidar com cenários de autorização
complexos, como a restrição do acesso de um usuário a um recurso com base no
papel dele.
Configurar declarações personalizadas
Para preservar a segurança, defina declarações personalizadas usando o SDK Admin no seu
servidor:
Defina a declaração personalizada que você quer usar. No exemplo a seguir, uma declaração
personalizada é definida no usuário para descrever que ele é um administrador:
Node.js
// Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.getAuth().setCustomUserClaims(uid,{admin:true}).then(()=>{// The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the// next time a new one is issued.});
// Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.Map<String,Object>claims=newHashMap<>();claims.put("admin",true);FirebaseAuth.getInstance().setCustomUserClaims(uid,claims);// The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the// next time a new one is issued.
# Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.auth.set_custom_user_claims(uid,{'admin':True})# The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the# next time a new one is issued.
// Get an auth client from the firebase.Appclient,err:=app.Auth(ctx)iferr!=nil{log.Fatalf("error getting Auth client: %v\n",err)}// Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.claims:=map[string]interface{}{"admin":true}err=client.SetCustomUserClaims(ctx,uid,claims)iferr!=nil{log.Fatalf("error setting custom claims %v\n",err)}// The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the// next time a new one is issued.
// Set admin privileges on the user corresponding to uid.varclaims=newDictionary<string,object>(){{"admin",true},};awaitFirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.SetCustomUserClaimsAsync(uid,claims);// The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the// next time a new one is issued.
// Verify the ID token first.FirebaseTokendecoded=FirebaseAuth.getInstance().verifyIdToken(idToken);if(Boolean.TRUE.equals(decoded.getClaims().get("admin"))){// Allow access to requested admin resource.}
// Verify the ID token first.token,err:=client.VerifyIDToken(ctx,idToken)iferr!=nil{log.Fatal(err)}claims:=token.Claimsifadmin,ok:=claims["admin"];ok{ifadmin.(bool){//Allow access to requested admin resource.}}
// Verify the ID token first.FirebaseTokendecoded=awaitFirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.VerifyIdTokenAsync(idToken);objectisAdmin;if(decoded.Claims.TryGetValue("admin",outisAdmin)){if((bool)isAdmin){// Allow access to requested admin resource.}}
Para determinar quais declarações personalizadas estão presentes para um usuário:
Node.js
// Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.getAuth().getUser(uid).then((userRecord)=>{// The claims can be accessed on the user record.console.log(userRecord.customClaims['admin']);});
// Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.UserRecorduser=FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUser(uid);System.out.println(user.getCustomClaims().get("admin"));
# Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.user=auth.get_user(uid)# The claims can be accessed on the user record.print(user.custom_claims.get('admin'))
// Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.user,err:=client.GetUser(ctx,uid)iferr!=nil{log.Fatal(err)}// The claims can be accessed on the user record.ifadmin,ok:=user.CustomClaims["admin"];ok{ifadmin.(bool){log.Println(admin)}}
// Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.UserRecorduser=awaitFirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.GetUserAsync(uid);Console.WriteLine(user.CustomClaims["admin"]);
Ao configurar declarações personalizadas, considere o seguinte:
As declarações personalizadas não podem exceder 1.000 bytes. A tentativa de transmitir reivindicações
maiores que 1.000 bytes resulta em um erro.
As declarações personalizadas são inseridas no JWT do usuário quando o token é emitido. Novas
reivindicações não estarão disponíveis até que o token seja atualizado. É possível atualizar
um token silenciosamente chamando user.getIdToken(true).
Para manter a continuidade e a segurança, defina apenas declarações personalizadas em um ambiente de
servidor seguro.
A seguir
Saiba mais sobre as funções de bloqueio, que também podem ser usadas para definir declarações personalizadas.
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-08-11 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eCustom claims can be configured on users to manage complex authorization scenarios, such as restricting resource access based on user roles.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eCustom claims are set securely on the server using the Admin SDK, and the claims are inserted into the user's ID token during authentication.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo access and validate custom claims, the ID token needs to be verified first, then the claims within the token can be accessed.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo ensure security, setting custom claims should occur exclusively in a secure server environment, and they cannot exceed 1000 bytes.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eThe custom claims will not be available until the next time the token is refreshed.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["Configure custom claims on users\n\nThis document explains how to configure custom claims on users with\nIdentity Platform. Custom claims are inserted into user tokens during\nauthentication. Your app can use these claims to handle complex authorization\nscenarios, such as restricting a user's access to a resource based on their\nrole.\n\nSet up custom claims\n\nTo preserve security, set custom claims using the Admin SDK on your\nserver:\n\n1. If you haven't already, [Install the Admin SDK](/identity-platform/docs/install-admin-sdk).\n\n2. Set the custom claim you want to use. In the following example, a custom\n claim is set on the user to describe that they're an administrator:\n\n Node.js \n\n ```javascript\n // Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.\n\n getAuth()\n .setCustomUserClaims(uid, { admin: true })\n .then(() =\u003e {\n // The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the\n // next time a new one is issued.\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-node/blob/f1869eeb97c2bbb713aff3deb5a67666da7bcb6b/auth/custom_claims.js#L13-L20\n ```\n\n Java \n\n ```java\n // Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.\n Map\u003cString, Object\u003e claims = new HashMap\u003c\u003e();\n claims.put(\"admin\", true);\n FirebaseAuth.getInstance().setCustomUserClaims(uid, claims);\n // The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the\n // next time a new one is issued. \n https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-java/blob/212ecea4bcccf4f6a9df42d21f70f66ebefe809b/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseAuthSnippets.java#L157-L162\n ```\n\n Python \n\n ```python\n # Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.\n auth.set_custom_user_claims(uid, {'admin': True})\n # The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the\n # next time a new one is issued. \n https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-python/blob/5e752502fdaede3246e4224684dba6ea089a7726/snippets/auth/index.py#L282-L285\n ```\n\n Go \n\n ```go\n // Get an auth client from the firebase.App\n client, err := app.Auth(ctx)\n if err != nil {\n \tlog.Fatalf(\"error getting Auth client: %v\\n\", err)\n }\n\n // Set admin privilege on the user corresponding to uid.\n claims := map[string]interface{}{\"admin\": true}\n err = client.SetCustomUserClaims(ctx, uid, claims)\n if err != nil {\n \tlog.Fatalf(\"error setting custom claims %v\\n\", err)\n }\n // The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the\n // next time a new one is issued. \n https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-go/blob/26dec0b7589ef7641eefd6681981024079b8524c/snippets/auth.go#L295-L308\n ```\n\n C# \n\n ```c#\n // Set admin privileges on the user corresponding to uid.\n var claims = new Dictionary\u003cstring, object\u003e()\n {\n { \"admin\", true },\n };\n await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.SetCustomUserClaimsAsync(uid, claims);\n // The new custom claims will propagate to the user's ID token the\n // next time a new one is issued. \n https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/blob/0901380f1e7d2bb0221d5954b20a9e053c6f889a/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseAuthSnippets.cs#L527-L534\n ```\n3. Validate the custom claim the next time it's sent to your server:\n\n Node.js \n\n ```javascript\n // Verify the ID token first.\n getAuth()\n .verifyIdToken(idToken)\n .then((claims) =\u003e {\n if (claims.admin === true) {\n // Allow access to requested admin resource.\n }\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-node/blob/f1869eeb97c2bbb713aff3deb5a67666da7bcb6b/auth/custom_claims.js#L24-L31\n ```\n\n Java \n\n ```java\n // Verify the ID token first.\n FirebaseToken decoded = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().verifyIdToken(idToken);\n if (Boolean.TRUE.equals(decoded.getClaims().get(\"admin\"))) {\n // Allow access to requested admin resource.\n }https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-java/blob/212ecea4bcccf4f6a9df42d21f70f66ebefe809b/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseAuthSnippets.java#L167-L171\n ```\n\n Python \n\n ```python\n # Verify the ID token first.\n claims = auth.verify_id_token(id_token)\n if claims['admin'] is True:\n # Allow access to requested admin resource.\n pass \n https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-python/blob/5e752502fdaede3246e4224684dba6ea089a7726/snippets/auth/index.py#L290-L294\n ```\n\n Go \n\n ```go\n // Verify the ID token first.\n token, err := client.VerifyIDToken(ctx, idToken)\n if err != nil {\n \tlog.Fatal(err)\n }\n\n claims := token.Claims\n if admin, ok := claims[\"admin\"]; ok {\n \tif admin.(bool) {\n \t\t//Allow access to requested admin resource.\n \t}\n }https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-go/blob/26dec0b7589ef7641eefd6681981024079b8524c/snippets/auth.go#L316-L327\n ```\n\n C# \n\n ```c#\n // Verify the ID token first.\n FirebaseToken decoded = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.VerifyIdTokenAsync(idToken);\n object isAdmin;\n if (decoded.Claims.TryGetValue(\"admin\", out isAdmin))\n {\n if ((bool)isAdmin)\n {\n // Allow access to requested admin resource.\n }\n }\n https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/blob/0901380f1e7d2bb0221d5954b20a9e053c6f889a/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseAuthSnippets.cs#L539-L549\n ```\n4. To determine what custom claims are present for a user:\n\n Node.js \n\n ```javascript\n // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.\n getAuth()\n .getUser(uid)\n .then((userRecord) =\u003e {\n // The claims can be accessed on the user record.\n console.log(userRecord.customClaims['admin']);\n });https://github.com/firebase/snippets-node/blob/f1869eeb97c2bbb713aff3deb5a67666da7bcb6b/auth/custom_claims.js#L35-L41\n ```\n\n Java \n\n ```java\n // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.\n UserRecord user = FirebaseAuth.getInstance().getUser(uid);\n System.out.println(user.getCustomClaims().get(\"admin\"));https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-java/blob/212ecea4bcccf4f6a9df42d21f70f66ebefe809b/src/test/java/com/google/firebase/snippets/FirebaseAuthSnippets.java#L175-L177\n ```\n\n Python \n\n ```python\n # Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.\n user = auth.get_user(uid)\n # The claims can be accessed on the user record.\n print(user.custom_claims.get('admin'))https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-python/blob/5e752502fdaede3246e4224684dba6ea089a7726/snippets/auth/index.py#L298-L301\n ```\n\n Go \n\n ```go\n // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.\n user, err := client.GetUser(ctx, uid)\n if err != nil {\n \tlog.Fatal(err)\n }\n // The claims can be accessed on the user record.\n if admin, ok := user.CustomClaims[\"admin\"]; ok {\n \tif admin.(bool) {\n \t\tlog.Println(admin)\n \t}\n }https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-go/blob/26dec0b7589ef7641eefd6681981024079b8524c/snippets/auth.go#L334-L344\n ```\n\n C# \n\n ```c#\n // Lookup the user associated with the specified uid.\n UserRecord user = await FirebaseAuth.DefaultInstance.GetUserAsync(uid);\n Console.WriteLine(user.CustomClaims[\"admin\"]);https://github.com/firebase/firebase-admin-dotnet/blob/0901380f1e7d2bb0221d5954b20a9e053c6f889a/FirebaseAdmin/FirebaseAdmin.Snippets/FirebaseAuthSnippets.cs#L553-L555\n ```\n\nWhen setting up custom claims, keep the following in mind:\n\n- Custom claims cannot exceed 1000 bytes in size. Attempting to pass claims larger than 1000 bytes results in an error.\n- Custom claims are inserted into the user JWT when the token is issued. New claims are not available until the token is refreshed. You can refresh a token silently by calling `user.getIdToken(true)`.\n- To maintain continuity and security, only set custom claims in a secure server environment.\n\nWhat's next\n\n- Learn more about [blocking functions](/identity-platform/docs/blocking-functions), which can also be used to set custom claims.\n- Learn more about Identity Platform custom claims in the [Admin SDK reference documentation](https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/admin/custom-claims)."]]