创建服务账号

本页面介绍如何使用 Identity and Access Management (IAM) API、Google Cloud 控制台和 gcloud 命令行工具创建服务账号。

默认情况下，每个项目最多可以有 100 个控制对资源的访问权限的服务账号。如有必要，您可以申请增加配额。详细了解配额和限制。

准备工作

• Enable the IAM API.

  Enable the API

• 设置身份验证。

  Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

  Console

  When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

  gcloud

  In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

  Activate Cloud Shell

  At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

  C++

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 C++ 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  C#

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 .NET 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Go

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Go 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Java

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Java 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Python

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Python 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  REST

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例，请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭据。

  Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:

  gcloud init

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的使用 REST 时进行身份验证。

• 了解 IAM 服务账号

所需的角色

如需获得创建服务账号所需的权限，请让管理员向您授予项目的 Create Service Accounts (roles/iam.serviceAccountCreator) IAM 角色。如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

您也可以通过自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取所需的权限。

如果您想要授予新创建的服务账号对项目的访问权限，您还需要 Project IAM Admin (roles/resourcemanager.projectIamAdmin) 角色。

创建服务账号

创建服务账号时，您必须提供字母数字 ID（在下面的示例中为 SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME），例如 my-service-account。ID 必须介于 6 到 30 个字符之间，且可以包含小写字母数字字符和短划线。在服务账号创建完毕后，无法再更改其名称。

服务账号的名称将显示在创建过程中预配的电子邮件地址中，格式为 SERVICE_ACCOUNT_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com。

每个服务账号还有一个自动生成的永久性唯一数字 ID。

您还可以在创建服务账号时提供如下信息：

• DESCRIPTION 是可选的服务账号说明。
• DISPLAY_NAME 是服务账号的易记名称。
• PROJECT_ID 是您的 Google Cloud 项目的 ID。

创建服务账号后，您可能需要等待 60 秒或更长时间才能使用该服务账号。出现这种行为的原因是读取操作是最终一致的；新服务账号可能需要一段时间才能显示。如果您在创建服务账号后立即尝试读取或使用服务账号，并且收到错误消息，则可以使用指数退避算法重试请求。

namespace iam = ::google::cloud::iam_admin_v1;
[](std::string const& project_id, std::string const& account_id,
   std::string const& display_name, std::string const& description) {
  iam::IAMClient client(iam::MakeIAMConnection());
  google::iam::admin::v1::ServiceAccount service_account;
  service_account.set_display_name(display_name);
  service_account.set_description(description);
  auto response = client.CreateServiceAccount("projects/" + project_id,
                                              account_id, service_account);
  if (!response) throw std::move(response).status();
  std::cout << "ServiceAccount successfully created: "
            << response->DebugString() << "\n";
}

using System;
using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Iam.v1;
using Google.Apis.Iam.v1.Data;

public partial class ServiceAccounts
{
    public static ServiceAccount CreateServiceAccount(string projectId,
        string name, string displayName)
    {
        var credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
            .CreateScoped(IamService.Scope.CloudPlatform);
        var service = new IamService(new IamService.Initializer
        {
            HttpClientInitializer = credential
        });

        var request = new CreateServiceAccountRequest
        {
            AccountId = name,
            ServiceAccount = new ServiceAccount
            {
                DisplayName = displayName
            }
        };
        var serviceAccount = service.Projects.ServiceAccounts.Create(
            request, "projects/" + projectId).Execute();
        Console.WriteLine("Created service account: " + serviceAccount.Email);
        return serviceAccount;
    }
}

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	iam "google.golang.org/api/iam/v1"
)

// createServiceAccount creates a service account.
func createServiceAccount(w io.Writer, projectID, name, displayName string) (*iam.ServiceAccount, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	service, err := iam.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iam.NewService: %w", err)
	}

	request := &iam.CreateServiceAccountRequest{
		AccountId: name,
		ServiceAccount: &iam.ServiceAccount{
			DisplayName: displayName,
		},
	}
	account, err := service.Projects.ServiceAccounts.Create("projects/"+projectID, request).Do()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Projects.ServiceAccounts.Create: %w", err)
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Created service account: %v", account)
	return account, nil
}

import com.google.cloud.iam.admin.v1.IAMClient;
import com.google.iam.admin.v1.CreateServiceAccountRequest;
import com.google.iam.admin.v1.ProjectName;
import com.google.iam.admin.v1.ServiceAccount;
import java.io.IOException;

public class CreateServiceAccount {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace the variables before running the sample.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String serviceAccountName = "my-service-account-name";

    createServiceAccount(projectId, serviceAccountName);
  }

  // Creates a service account.
  public static ServiceAccount createServiceAccount(String projectId, String serviceAccountName)
          throws IOException {
    ServiceAccount serviceAccount = ServiceAccount
            .newBuilder()
            .setDisplayName("your-display-name")
            .build();
    CreateServiceAccountRequest request = CreateServiceAccountRequest.newBuilder()
            .setName(ProjectName.of(projectId).toString())
            .setAccountId(serviceAccountName)
            .setServiceAccount(serviceAccount)
            .build();
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests.
    // This client only needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
    try (IAMClient iamClient = IAMClient.create()) {
      serviceAccount = iamClient.createServiceAccount(request);
      System.out.println("Created service account: " + serviceAccount.getEmail());
    }
    return serviceAccount;
  }
}

from typing import Optional

from google.cloud import iam_admin_v1
from google.cloud.iam_admin_v1 import types


def create_service_account(
    project_id: str, account_id: str, display_name: Optional[str] = None
) -> types.ServiceAccount:
    """
    Creates a service account.

    project_id: ID or number of the Google Cloud project you want to use.
    account_id: ID which will be unique identifier of the service account
    display_name (optional): human-readable name, which will be assigned to the service account
    """

    iam_admin_client = iam_admin_v1.IAMClient()
    request = types.CreateServiceAccountRequest()

    request.account_id = account_id
    request.name = f"projects/{project_id}"

    service_account = types.ServiceAccount()
    service_account.display_name = display_name
    request.service_account = service_account

    account = iam_admin_client.create_service_account(request=request)

    print(f"Created a service account: {account.email}")
    return account

POST https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts

{
  "accountId": "SA_NAME",
  "serviceAccount": {
    "description": "SA_DESCRIPTION",
    "displayName": "SA_DISPLAY_NAME"
  }
}

curl -X POST \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     -H "Content-Type: application/json; charset=utf-8" \
     -d @request.json \
     "https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts"

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method POST `
    -Headers $headers `
    -ContentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8" `
    -InFile request.json `
    -Uri "https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts" | Select-Object -Expand Content

{
  "name": "projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
  "projectId": "my-project",
  "uniqueId": "123456789012345678901",
  "email": "my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com",
  "displayName": "My service account",
  "etag": "BwUp3rVlzes=",
  "description": "A service account for running jobs in my project",
  "oauth2ClientId": "987654321098765432109"
}

在创建服务账号后，为服务账号授予一个或多个角色，以使其代表您执行操作。

此外，如果服务账号需要访问其他项目中的资源，则您通常必须在创建服务账号的项目中为这些资源启用 API。

后续步骤

• 了解如何列出和修改服务账号。
• 查看将 IAM 角色授予所有类型的主账号（包括服务账号）的流程。
• 了解如何将服务账号关联到资源。