限制憑證的 Cloud Storage 權限

import com.google.auth.credentialaccessboundary.ClientSideCredentialAccessBoundaryFactory;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.AccessToken;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.CredentialAccessBoundary;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.GoogleCredentials;
import dev.cel.common.CelValidationException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
  public static AccessToken getTokenFromBroker(String bucketName, String objectPrefix)
      throws IOException {
    // Retrieve the source credentials from ADC.
    GoogleCredentials sourceCredentials =
        GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
            .createScoped("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform");

    // Initialize the Credential Access Boundary rules.
    String availableResource = "//storage.googleapis.com/projects/_/buckets/" + bucketName;

    // Downscoped credentials will have readonly access to the resource.
    String availablePermission = "inRole:roles/storage.objectViewer";

    // Only objects starting with the specified prefix string in the object name will be allowed
    // read access.
    String expression =
        "resource.name.startsWith('projects/_/buckets/"
            + bucketName
            + "/objects/"
            + objectPrefix
            + "')";

    // Build the AvailabilityCondition.
    CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule.AvailabilityCondition availabilityCondition =
        CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule.AvailabilityCondition.newBuilder()
            .setExpression(expression)
            .build();

    // Define the single access boundary rule using the above properties.
    CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule rule =
        CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule.newBuilder()
            .setAvailableResource(availableResource)
            .addAvailablePermission(availablePermission)
            .setAvailabilityCondition(availabilityCondition)
            .build();

    // Define the Credential Access Boundary with all the relevant rules.
    CredentialAccessBoundary credentialAccessBoundary =
        CredentialAccessBoundary.newBuilder().addRule(rule).build();

    // Create an instance of ClientSideCredentialAccessBoundaryFactory.
    ClientSideCredentialAccessBoundaryFactory factory =
        ClientSideCredentialAccessBoundaryFactory.newBuilder()
            .setSourceCredential(sourceCredentials)
            .build();

    // Generate the token and pass it to the Token Consumer.
    try {
      return factory.generateToken(credentialAccessBoundary);
    } catch (GeneralSecurityException | CelValidationException e) {
      throw new IOException("Error generating downscoped token", e);
    }
  }

import com.google.auth.oauth2.AccessToken;
import com.google.auth.oauth2.OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Blob;
import com.google.cloud.storage.Storage;
import com.google.cloud.storage.StorageOptions;
import java.io.IOException;
  public static String retrieveBlobWithDownscopedToken(
      final String bucketName, final String objectName) throws IOException {
    // You can pass an `OAuth2RefreshHandler` to `OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh` which will allow the
    // library to seamlessly handle downscoped token refreshes on expiration.
    OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh.OAuth2RefreshHandler handler =
        new OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh.OAuth2RefreshHandler() {
          @Override
          public AccessToken refreshAccessToken() throws IOException {
            // The common pattern of usage is to have a token broker pass the downscoped short-lived
            // access tokens to a token consumer via some secure authenticated channel.
            // For illustration purposes, we are generating the downscoped token locally.
            // We want to test the ability to limit access to objects with a certain prefix string
            // in the resource bucket. objectName.substring(0, 3) is the prefix here. This field is
            // not required if access to all bucket resources are allowed. If access to limited
            // resources in the bucket is needed, this mechanism can be used.
            return DownscopedAccessTokenGenerator
                .getTokenFromBroker(bucketName, objectName);
          }
        };

    AccessToken downscopedToken = handler.refreshAccessToken();

    OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh credentials =
        OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh.newBuilder()
            .setAccessToken(downscopedToken)
            .setRefreshHandler(handler)
            .build();

    StorageOptions options = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setCredentials(credentials).build();
    Storage storage = options.getService();

    Blob blob = storage.get(bucketName, objectName);
    if (blob == null) {
      return null;
    }
    return new String(blob.getContent());
  }

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"

	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google/downscope"
)

// createDownscopedToken would be run on the token broker in order to generate
// a downscoped access token that only grants access to objects whose name begins with prefix.
// The token broker would then pass the newly created token to the requesting token consumer for use.
func createDownscopedToken(bucketName string, prefix string) error {
	// bucketName := "foo"
	// prefix := "profile-picture-"

	ctx := context.Background()
	// A condition can optionally be provided to further restrict access permissions.
	condition := downscope.AvailabilityCondition{
		Expression:  "resource.name.startsWith('projects/_/buckets/" + bucketName + "/objects/" + prefix + "')",
		Title:       prefix + " Only",
		Description: "Restricts a token to only be able to access objects that start with `" + prefix + "`",
	}
	// Initializes an accessBoundary with one Rule which restricts the downscoped
	// token to only be able to access the bucket "bucketName" and only grants it the
	// permission "storage.objectViewer".
	accessBoundary := []downscope.AccessBoundaryRule{
		{
			AvailableResource:    "//storage.googleapis.com/projects/_/buckets/" + bucketName,
			AvailablePermissions: []string{"inRole:roles/storage.objectViewer"},
			Condition:            &condition, // Optional
		},
	}

	// This Source can be initialized in multiple ways; the following example uses
	// Application Default Credentials.
	var rootSource oauth2.TokenSource

	// You must provide the "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform" scope.
	rootSource, err := google.DefaultTokenSource(ctx, "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform")
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate rootSource: %w", err)
	}

	// downscope.NewTokenSource constructs the token source with the configuration provided.
	dts, err := downscope.NewTokenSource(ctx, downscope.DownscopingConfig{RootSource: rootSource, Rules: accessBoundary})
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate downscoped token source: %w", err)
	}
	// Token() uses the previously declared TokenSource to generate a downscoped token.
	tok, err := dts.Token()
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to generate token: %w", err)
	}
	// Pass this token back to the token consumer.
	_ = tok
	return nil
}

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google"
	"golang.org/x/oauth2/google/downscope"

	"cloud.google.com/go/storage"
	"golang.org/x/oauth2"
	"google.golang.org/api/option"
)

// A token consumer should define their own tokenSource. In the Token() method,
// it should send a query to a token broker requesting a downscoped token.
// The token broker holds the root credential that is used to generate the
// downscoped token.
type localTokenSource struct {
	ctx        context.Context
	bucketName string
	brokerURL  string
}

func (lts localTokenSource) Token() (*oauth2.Token, error) {
	var remoteToken *oauth2.Token
	// Usually you would now retrieve remoteToken, an oauth2.Token, from token broker.
	// This snippet performs the same functionality locally.
	accessBoundary := []downscope.AccessBoundaryRule{
		{
			AvailableResource:    "//storage.googleapis.com/projects/_/buckets/" + lts.bucketName,
			AvailablePermissions: []string{"inRole:roles/storage.objectViewer"},
		},
	}
	rootSource, err := google.DefaultTokenSource(lts.ctx, "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform")
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate rootSource: %w", err)
	}
	dts, err := downscope.NewTokenSource(lts.ctx, downscope.DownscopingConfig{RootSource: rootSource, Rules: accessBoundary})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate downscoped token source: %w", err)
	}
	// Token() uses the previously declared TokenSource to generate a downscoped token.
	remoteToken, err = dts.Token()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate token: %w", err)
	}

	return remoteToken, nil
}

// getObjectContents will read the contents of an object in Google Storage
// named objectName, contained in the bucket "bucketName".
func getObjectContents(output io.Writer, bucketName string, objectName string) error {
	// bucketName := "foo"
	// prefix := "profile-picture-"

	ctx := context.Background()

	thisTokenSource := localTokenSource{
		ctx:        ctx,
		bucketName: bucketName,
		brokerURL:  "yourURL.com/internal/broker",
	}

	// Wrap the TokenSource in an oauth2.ReuseTokenSource to enable automatic refreshing.
	refreshableTS := oauth2.ReuseTokenSource(nil, thisTokenSource)
	// You can now use the token source to access Google Cloud Storage resources as follows.
	storageClient, err := storage.NewClient(ctx, option.WithTokenSource(refreshableTS))
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create the storage client: %w", err)
	}
	defer storageClient.Close()
	bkt := storageClient.Bucket(bucketName)
	obj := bkt.Object(objectName)
	rc, err := obj.NewReader(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to retrieve the object: %w", err)
	}
	defer rc.Close()
	data, err := io.ReadAll(rc)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("could not read the object's contents: %w", err)
	}
	// Data now contains the contents of the requested object.
	output.Write(data)
	return nil
}

public static AccessToken getTokenFromBroker(String bucketName, String objectPrefix)
    throws IOException {
  // Retrieve the source credentials from ADC.
  GoogleCredentials sourceCredentials =
      GoogleCredentials.getApplicationDefault()
          .createScoped("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform");

  // Initialize the Credential Access Boundary rules.
  String availableResource = "//storage.googleapis.com/projects/_/buckets/" + bucketName;

  // Downscoped credentials will have readonly access to the resource.
  String availablePermission = "inRole:roles/storage.objectViewer";

  // Only objects starting with the specified prefix string in the object name will be allowed
  // read access.
  String expression =
      "resource.name.startsWith('projects/_/buckets/"
          + bucketName
          + "/objects/"
          + objectPrefix
          + "')";

  // Build the AvailabilityCondition.
  CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule.AvailabilityCondition availabilityCondition =
      CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule.AvailabilityCondition.newBuilder()
          .setExpression(expression)
          .build();

  // Define the single access boundary rule using the above properties.
  CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule rule =
      CredentialAccessBoundary.AccessBoundaryRule.newBuilder()
          .setAvailableResource(availableResource)
          .addAvailablePermission(availablePermission)
          .setAvailabilityCondition(availabilityCondition)
          .build();

  // Define the Credential Access Boundary with all the relevant rules.
  CredentialAccessBoundary credentialAccessBoundary =
      CredentialAccessBoundary.newBuilder().addRule(rule).build();

  // Create the downscoped credentials.
  DownscopedCredentials downscopedCredentials =
      DownscopedCredentials.newBuilder()
          .setSourceCredential(sourceCredentials)
          .setCredentialAccessBoundary(credentialAccessBoundary)
          .build();

  // Retrieve the token.
  // This will need to be passed to the Token Consumer.
  AccessToken accessToken = downscopedCredentials.refreshAccessToken();
  return accessToken;
}

public static void tokenConsumer(final String bucketName, final String objectName)
    throws IOException {
  // You can pass an `OAuth2RefreshHandler` to `OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh` which will allow the
  // library to seamlessly handle downscoped token refreshes on expiration.
  OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh.OAuth2RefreshHandler handler =
      new OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh.OAuth2RefreshHandler() {
        @Override
        public AccessToken refreshAccessToken() throws IOException {
          // The common pattern of usage is to have a token broker pass the downscoped short-lived
          // access tokens to a token consumer via some secure authenticated channel.
          // For illustration purposes, we are generating the downscoped token locally.
          // We want to test the ability to limit access to objects with a certain prefix string
          // in the resource bucket. objectName.substring(0, 3) is the prefix here. This field is
          // not required if access to all bucket resources are allowed. If access to limited
          // resources in the bucket is needed, this mechanism can be used.
          return getTokenFromBroker(bucketName, objectName.substring(0, 3));
        }
      };

  // Downscoped token retrieved from token broker.
  AccessToken downscopedToken = handler.refreshAccessToken();

  // Create the OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh from the downscoped token and pass a refresh handler
  // which will handle token expiration.
  // This will allow the consumer to seamlessly obtain new downscoped tokens on demand every time
  // token expires.
  OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh credentials =
      OAuth2CredentialsWithRefresh.newBuilder()
          .setAccessToken(downscopedToken)
          .setRefreshHandler(handler)
          .build();

  // Use the credentials with the Cloud Storage SDK.
  StorageOptions options = StorageOptions.newBuilder().setCredentials(credentials).build();
  Storage storage = options.getService();

  // Call Cloud Storage APIs.
  Blob blob = storage.get(bucketName, objectName);
  String content = new String(blob.getContent());
  System.out.println(
      "Retrieved object, "
          + objectName
          + ", from bucket,"
          + bucketName
          + ", with content: "
          + content);
}

// Imports the Google Auth libraries.
const {GoogleAuth, DownscopedClient} = require('google-auth-library');
/**
 * Simulates token broker generating downscoped tokens for specified bucket.
 *
 * @param bucketName The name of the Cloud Storage bucket.
 * @param objectPrefix The prefix string of the object name. This is used
 *        to ensure access is restricted to only objects starting with this
 *        prefix string.
 */
async function getTokenFromBroker(bucketName, objectPrefix) {
  const googleAuth = new GoogleAuth({
    scopes: 'https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform',
  });

  // Define the Credential Access Boundary object.
  const cab = {
    // Define the access boundary.
    accessBoundary: {
      // Define the single access boundary rule.
      accessBoundaryRules: [
        {
          availableResource: `//storage.googleapis.com/projects/_/buckets/${bucketName}`,
          // Downscoped credentials will have readonly access to the resource.
          availablePermissions: ['inRole:roles/storage.objectViewer'],
          // Only objects starting with the specified prefix string in the object name
          // will be allowed read access.
          availabilityCondition: {
            expression:
              "resource.name.startsWith('projects/_/buckets/" +
              `${bucketName}/objects/${objectPrefix}')`,
          },
        },
      ],
    },
  };

  // Obtain an authenticated client via ADC.
  const client = await googleAuth.getClient();

  // Use the client to create a DownscopedClient.
  const cabClient = new DownscopedClient(client, cab);

  // Refresh the tokens.
  const refreshedAccessToken = await cabClient.getAccessToken();

  // This will need to be passed to the token consumer.
  return refreshedAccessToken;
}

// Imports the Google Auth and Google Cloud libraries.
const {OAuth2Client} = require('google-auth-library');
const {Storage} = require('@google-cloud/storage');
/**
 * Simulates token consumer generating calling GCS APIs using generated
 * downscoped tokens for specified bucket.
 *
 * @param bucketName The name of the Cloud Storage bucket.
 * @param objectName The name of the object in the Cloud Storage bucket
 *        to read.
 */
async function tokenConsumer(bucketName, objectName) {
  // Create the OAuth credentials (the consumer).
  const oauth2Client = new OAuth2Client();
  // We are defining a refresh handler instead of a one-time access
  // token/expiry pair.
  // This will allow the consumer to obtain new downscoped tokens on
  // demand every time a token is expired, without any additional code
  // changes.
  oauth2Client.refreshHandler = async () => {
    // The common pattern of usage is to have a token broker pass the
    // downscoped short-lived access tokens to a token consumer via some
    // secure authenticated channel. For illustration purposes, we are
    // generating the downscoped token locally. We want to test the ability
    // to limit access to objects with a certain prefix string in the
    // resource bucket. objectName.substring(0, 3) is the prefix here. This
    // field is not required if access to all bucket resources are allowed.
    // If access to limited resources in the bucket is needed, this mechanism
    // can be used.
    const refreshedAccessToken = await getTokenFromBroker(
      bucketName,
      objectName.substring(0, 3)
    );
    return {
      access_token: refreshedAccessToken.token,
      expiry_date: refreshedAccessToken.expirationTime,
    };
  };

  const storageOptions = {
    projectId: process.env.GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT,
    authClient: oauth2Client,
  };

  const storage = new Storage(storageOptions);
  const downloadFile = await storage
    .bucket(bucketName)
    .file(objectName)
    .download();
  console.log(downloadFile.toString('utf8'));
}

import google.auth

from google.auth import downscoped
from google.auth.transport import requests

def get_token_from_broker(bucket_name, object_prefix):
    """Simulates token broker generating downscoped tokens for specified bucket.

    Args:
        bucket_name (str): The name of the Cloud Storage bucket.
        object_prefix (str): The prefix string of the object name. This is used
            to ensure access is restricted to only objects starting with this
            prefix string.

    Returns:
        Tuple[str, datetime.datetime]: The downscoped access token and its expiry date.
    """
    # Initialize the Credential Access Boundary rules.
    available_resource = f"//storage.googleapis.com/projects/_/buckets/{bucket_name}"
    # Downscoped credentials will have readonly access to the resource.
    available_permissions = ["inRole:roles/storage.objectViewer"]
    # Only objects starting with the specified prefix string in the object name
    # will be allowed read access.
    availability_expression = (
        "resource.name.startsWith('projects/_/buckets/{}/objects/{}')".format(
            bucket_name, object_prefix
        )
    )
    availability_condition = downscoped.AvailabilityCondition(availability_expression)
    # Define the single access boundary rule using the above properties.
    rule = downscoped.AccessBoundaryRule(
        available_resource=available_resource,
        available_permissions=available_permissions,
        availability_condition=availability_condition,
    )
    # Define the Credential Access Boundary with all the relevant rules.
    credential_access_boundary = downscoped.CredentialAccessBoundary(rules=[rule])

    # Retrieve the source credentials via ADC.
    source_credentials, _ = google.auth.default()
    if source_credentials.requires_scopes:
        source_credentials = source_credentials.with_scopes(
            ["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"]
        )

    # Create the downscoped credentials.
    downscoped_credentials = downscoped.Credentials(
        source_credentials=source_credentials,
        credential_access_boundary=credential_access_boundary,
    )

    # Refresh the tokens.
    downscoped_credentials.refresh(requests.Request())

    # These values will need to be passed to the token consumer.
    access_token = downscoped_credentials.token
    expiry = downscoped_credentials.expiry
    return (access_token, expiry)

from google.cloud import storage
from google.oauth2 import credentials

def token_consumer(bucket_name, object_name):
    """Tests token consumer readonly access to the specified object.

    Args:
        bucket_name (str): The name of the Cloud Storage bucket.
        object_name (str): The name of the object in the Cloud Storage bucket
            to read.
    """

    # Create the OAuth credentials from the downscoped token and pass a
    # refresh handler to handle token expiration. We are passing a
    # refresh_handler instead of a one-time access token/expiry pair.
    # This will allow the consumer to obtain new downscoped tokens on
    # demand every time a token is expired, without any additional code
    # changes.
    def refresh_handler(request, scopes=None):
        # The common pattern of usage is to have a token broker pass the
        # downscoped short-lived access tokens to a token consumer via some
        # secure authenticated channel.
        # For illustration purposes, we are generating the downscoped token
        # locally.
        # We want to test the ability to limit access to objects with a certain
        # prefix string in the resource bucket. object_name[0:3] is the prefix
        # here. This field is not required if access to all bucket resources are
        # allowed. If access to limited resources in the bucket is needed, this
        # mechanism can be used.
        return get_token_from_broker(bucket_name, object_prefix=object_name[0:3])

    creds = credentials.Credentials(
        None,
        scopes=["https://www.googleapis.com/auth/cloud-platform"],
        refresh_handler=refresh_handler,
    )

    # Initialize a Cloud Storage client with the oauth2 credentials.
    storage_client = storage.Client(credentials=creds)
    # The token broker has readonly access to the specified bucket object.
    bucket = storage_client.bucket(bucket_name)
    blob = bucket.blob(object_name)
    print(blob.download_as_bytes().decode("utf-8"))