查看及寫入 Cloud Run 函式記錄

const functions = require('@google-cloud/functions-framework');

functions.http('helloWorld', (req, res) => {
  console.log('I am a log entry!');
  console.error('I am an error!');
  res.end();
});

def hello_world(data, context):
    """Background Cloud Function.
    Args:
         data (dict): The dictionary with data specific to the given event.
         context (google.cloud.functions.Context): The event metadata.
    """
    print("Hello, stdout!")

// Package helloworld provides a set of Cloud Functions samples.
package helloworld

import (
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"

	"github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/functions-framework-go/functions"
)

func init() {
	functions.HTTP("HelloLogging", HelloLogging)
}

// HelloLogging logs messages.
func HelloLogging(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	log.Println("This is stderr")
	fmt.Println("This is stdout")

	// Structured logging can be used to set severity levels.
	// See https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/structured-logging.
	fmt.Println(`{"message": "This has ERROR severity", "severity": "error"}`)

	// cloud.google.com/go/logging can optionally be used for additional options.
}

import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpFunction;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpRequest;
import com.google.cloud.functions.HttpResponse;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.logging.Logger;

public class LogHelloWorld implements HttpFunction {

  private static final Logger logger = Logger.getLogger(LogHelloWorld.class.getName());

  @Override
  public void service(HttpRequest request, HttpResponse response)
      throws IOException {
    System.out.println("I am a log to stdout!");
    System.err.println("I am a log to stderr!");

    logger.info("I am an info log!");
    logger.warning("I am a warning log!");

    BufferedWriter writer = response.getWriter();
    writer.write("Messages successfully logged!");
  }
}

require "functions_framework"

FunctionsFramework.http "log-helloworld" do |_request|
  # Any output sent to either stdout or stderr will be captured and written to
  # the function's logs.
  puts "Hello, stdout!"
  warn "Hello, stderr!"

  # Return the response body as a string.
  "Hello, world!"
end

// Uncomment and populate this variable in your code:
// const project = 'The project ID of your function or Cloud Run service';

// Build structured log messages as an object.
const globalLogFields = {};

// Add log correlation to nest all log messages beneath request log in Log Viewer.
// (This only works for HTTP-based invocations where `req` is defined.)
if (typeof req !== 'undefined') {
  const traceHeader = req.header('X-Cloud-Trace-Context');
  if (traceHeader && project) {
    const [trace] = traceHeader.split('/');
    globalLogFields['logging.googleapis.com/trace'] =
      `projects/${project}/traces/${trace}`;
  }
}

// Complete a structured log entry.
const entry = Object.assign(
  {
    severity: 'NOTICE',
    message: 'This is the default display field.',
    // Log viewer accesses 'component' as 'jsonPayload.component'.
    component: 'arbitrary-property',
  },
  globalLogFields
);

// Serialize to a JSON string and output.
console.log(JSON.stringify(entry));

# Uncomment and populate this variable in your code:
# PROJECT = 'The project ID of your Cloud Run service';

# Build structured log messages as an object.
global_log_fields = {}

# Add log correlation to nest all log messages.
# This is only relevant in HTTP-based contexts, and is ignored elsewhere.
# (In particular, non-HTTP-based Cloud Functions.)
request_is_defined = "request" in globals() or "request" in locals()
if request_is_defined and request:
    trace_header = request.headers.get("X-Cloud-Trace-Context")

    if trace_header and PROJECT:
        trace = trace_header.split("/")
        global_log_fields[
            "logging.googleapis.com/trace"
        ] = f"projects/{PROJECT}/traces/{trace[0]}"

# Complete a structured log entry.
entry = dict(
    severity="NOTICE",
    message="This is the default display field.",
    # Log viewer accesses 'component' as jsonPayload.component'.
    component="arbitrary-property",
    **global_log_fields,
)

print(json.dumps(entry))

// Entry defines a log entry.
type Entry struct {
	Message  string `json:"message"`
	Severity string `json:"severity,omitempty"`
	Trace    string `json:"logging.googleapis.com/trace,omitempty"`

	// Logs Explorer allows filtering and display of this as `jsonPayload.component`.
	Component string `json:"component,omitempty"`
}

// String renders an entry structure to the JSON format expected by Cloud Logging.
func (e Entry) String() string {
	if e.Severity == "" {
		e.Severity = "INFO"
	}
	out, err := json.Marshal(e)
	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("json.Marshal: %v", err)
	}
	return string(out)
}

func init() {
	// Disable log prefixes such as the default timestamp.
	// Prefix text prevents the message from being parsed as JSON.
	// A timestamp is added when shipping logs to Cloud Logging.
	log.SetFlags(0)
}

func indexHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
	// Uncomment and populate this variable in your code:
	// projectID = "The project ID of your Cloud Run service"

	// Derive the traceID associated with the current request.
	var trace string
	if projectID != "" {
		traceHeader := r.Header.Get("X-Cloud-Trace-Context")
		traceParts := strings.Split(traceHeader, "/")
		if len(traceParts) > 0 && len(traceParts[0]) > 0 {
			trace = fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/traces/%s", projectID, traceParts[0])
		}
	}

	log.Println(Entry{
		Severity:  "NOTICE",
		Message:   "This is the default display field.",
		Component: "arbitrary-property",
		Trace:     trace,
	})

	fmt.Fprintln(w, "Hello Logger!")
}

// Build structured log messages as an object.
Object globalLogFields = null;

// Add log correlation to nest all log messages beneath request log in Log Viewer.
// TODO(developer): delete this code if you're creating a Cloud
//                  Function and it is *NOT* triggered by HTTP.
String traceHeader = req.headers("x-cloud-trace-context");
if (traceHeader != null && project != null) {
  String trace = traceHeader.split("/")[0];
  globalLogFields =
      kv(
          "logging.googleapis.com/trace",
          String.format("projects/%s/traces/%s", project, trace));
}
// -- End log correlation code --

// Create a structured log entry using key value pairs.
// For instantiating the "logger" variable, see
// https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/logging#run_manual_logging-java
logger.error(
    "This is the default display field.",
    kv("component", "arbitrary-property"),
    kv("severity", "NOTICE"),
    globalLogFields);

<configuration>
  <appender name="jsonConsoleAppender" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
    <encoder class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LogstashEncoder">
      <!-- Ignore default logging fields -->
      <fieldNames>
        <timestamp>[ignore]</timestamp>
        <version>[ignore]</version>
        <logger>[ignore]</logger>
        <thread>[ignore]</thread>
        <level>[ignore]</level>
        <levelValue>[ignore]</levelValue>
      </fieldNames>
    </encoder>
  </appender>
  <root level="INFO">
    <appender-ref ref="jsonConsoleAppender"/>
  </root>
</configuration>

// Imports the Google Cloud client library
const {Logging} = require('@google-cloud/logging');

// Creates a client
const logging = new Logging();

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment the following line to run the code.
 */
// const logName = 'Name of the log from which to list entries, e.g. my-log';

const log = logging.log(logName);

async function printEntryMetadata() {
  // List the most recent entries for a given log
  // See https://googleapis.dev/nodejs/logging/latest/Logging.html#getEntries
  const [entries] = await log.getEntries();
  console.log('Logs:');
  entries.forEach(entry => {
    const metadata = entry.metadata;
    console.log(`${metadata.timestamp}:`, metadata[metadata.payload]);
  });
}
printEntryMetadata();

def list_entries(logger_name):
    """Lists the most recent entries for a given logger."""
    logging_client = logging.Client()
    logger = logging_client.logger(logger_name)

    print("Listing entries for logger {}:".format(logger.name))

    for entry in logger.list_entries():
        timestamp = entry.timestamp.isoformat()
        print("* {}: {}".format(timestamp, entry.payload))

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"time"

	"cloud.google.com/go/logging"
	"cloud.google.com/go/logging/logadmin"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func getEntries(projectID string) ([]*logging.Entry, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	adminClient, err := logadmin.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatalf("Failed to create logadmin client: %v", err)
	}
	defer adminClient.Close()

	var entries []*logging.Entry
	const name = "log-example"
	lastHour := time.Now().Add(-1 * time.Hour).Format(time.RFC3339)

	iter := adminClient.Entries(ctx,
		// Only get entries from the "log-example" log within the last hour.
		logadmin.Filter(fmt.Sprintf(`logName = "projects/%s/logs/%s" AND timestamp > "%s"`, projectID, name, lastHour)),
		// Get most recent entries first.
		logadmin.NewestFirst(),
	)

	// Fetch the most recent 20 entries.
	for len(entries) < 20 {
		entry, err := iter.Next()
		if err == iterator.Done {
			return entries, nil
		}
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		entries = append(entries, entry)
	}
	return entries, nil
}

import com.google.api.gax.paging.Page;
import com.google.cloud.logging.LogEntry;
import com.google.cloud.logging.Logging;
import com.google.cloud.logging.Logging.EntryListOption;
import com.google.cloud.logging.LoggingOptions;
import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.TimeZone;

public class ListLogEntries {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    // TODO(developer): Replace the variable value with valid log name before running the sample
    // or provide it as an argument.
    String logName = args.length > 0 ? args[0] : "test-log";

    try (Logging logging = LoggingOptions.getDefaultInstance().getService()) {

      // When composing a filter, using indexed fields, such as timestamp, resource.type, logName
      // and
      // others can help accelerate the results
      // Full list of indexed fields here:
      // https://cloud.google.com/logging/docs/view/advanced-queries#finding-quickly
      // This sample restrict the results to only last minute to minimize number of API calls
      Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"));
      calendar.add(Calendar.MINUTE, -1);
      DateFormat rfc3339 = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSS'Z'");
      String logFilter =
          "logName=projects/"
              + logging.getOptions().getProjectId()
              + "/logs/"
              + logName
              + " AND timestamp>=\""
              + rfc3339.format(calendar.getTime())
              + "\"";

      // List all log entries
      Page<LogEntry> entries = logging.listLogEntries(EntryListOption.filter(logFilter));
      while (entries != null) {
        for (LogEntry logEntry : entries.iterateAll()) {
          System.out.println(logEntry);
        }
        entries = entries.getNextPage();
      }
    }
  }
}

require "google/cloud/logging"

# log_name = "my_log_name"
logging = Google::Cloud::Logging.new
entries = logging.entries filter: "logName:#{log_name}",
                          max:    1000,
                          order:  "timestamp desc"

entries.each do |entry|
  puts "[#{entry.timestamp}] #{entry.log_name} #{entry.payload.inspect}"
end