删除文档和字段

以下示例演示了如何删除文档、字段和集合。

删除文档

要删除文档，请使用以下特定于语言的 delete() 方法：

Web 版本 9

使用 deleteDoc() 方法：

import { doc, deleteDoc } from "firebase/firestore";

await deleteDoc(doc(db, "cities", "DC"));
delete_document.js

Web 版本 8

使用 delete() 方法：

db.collection("cities").doc("DC").delete().then(() => {
    console.log("Document successfully deleted!");
}).catch((error) => {
    console.error("Error removing document: ", error);
});
test.firestore.js
Swift

使用 delete() 方法：

注意：此产品不适用于 watchOS 和 App Clip 目标。 
do {
  try await db.collection("cities").document("DC").delete()
  print("Document successfully removed!")
} catch {
  print("Error removing document: \(error)")
}
ViewController.swift
Objective-C

使用 deleteDocumentWithCompletion: 方法：

注意：此产品不适用于 watchOS 和 App Clip 目标。 
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"DC"]
    deleteDocumentWithCompletion:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
      if (error != nil) {
        NSLog(@"Error removing document: %@", error);
      } else {
        NSLog(@"Document successfully removed!");
      }
}];
ViewController.m
Kotlin+KTX
Android

使用 delete() 方法：

db.collection("cities").document("DC")
    .delete()
    .addOnSuccessListener { Log.d(TAG, "DocumentSnapshot successfully deleted!") }
    .addOnFailureListener { e -> Log.w(TAG, "Error deleting document", e) }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Android

使用 delete() 方法：

db.collection("cities").document("DC")
        .delete()
        .addOnSuccessListener(new OnSuccessListener<Void>() {
            @Override
            public void onSuccess(Void aVoid) {
                Log.d(TAG, "DocumentSnapshot successfully deleted!");
            }
        })
        .addOnFailureListener(new OnFailureListener() {
            @Override
            public void onFailure(@NonNull Exception e) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Error deleting document", e);
            }
        });
DocSnippets.java

Dart

使用 delete() 方法：

db.collection("cities").doc("DC").delete().then(
      (doc) => print("Document deleted"),
      onError: (e) => print("Error updating document $e"),
    );
firestore.dart
Java

使用 delete() 方法：

// asynchronously delete a document
ApiFuture<WriteResult> writeResult = db.collection("cities").document("DC").delete();
// ...
System.out.println("Update time : " + writeResult.get().getUpdateTime());
ManageDataSnippets.java
Python

使用 delete() 方法：

db.collection("cities").document("DC").delete()
snippets.py
Python
（异步）

使用 delete() 方法：

await db.collection("cities").document("DC").delete()
snippets.py
C++

使用 Delete() 方法：

db->Collection("cities").Document("DC").Delete().OnCompletion(
    [](const Future<void>& future) {
      if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) {
        std::cout << "DocumentSnapshot successfully deleted!" << std::endl;
      } else {
        std::cout << "Error deleting document: " << future.error_message()
                  << std::endl;
      }
    });
snippets.cpp
Node.js

使用 delete() 方法：

const res = await db.collection('cities').doc('DC').delete();
index.js
Go

使用 Delete() 方法：


import (
	"context"
	"log"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
)

func deleteDoc(ctx context.Context, client *firestore.Client) error {
	_, err := client.Collection("cities").Doc("DC").Delete(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		// Handle any errors in an appropriate way, such as returning them.
		log.Printf("An error has occurred: %s", err)
	}

	return err
}

save_data_delete_doc.go
PHP

使用 delete() 方法：

$db->collection('samples/php/cities')->document('DC')->delete();
data_delete_doc.php
Unity

使用 DeleteAsync() 方法：

DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("DC");
cityRef.DeleteAsync();
C#

使用 DeleteAsync() 方法：

DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("DC");
await cityRef.DeleteAsync();
Program.cs
Ruby

使用 delete() 方法：

city_ref = firestore.doc "#{collection_path}/DC"
city_ref.delete
delete_data.rb

删除文档时，Firestore 不会自动删除其子集合中的文档。您仍然可以通过引用访问子集合文档。例如，即使您删除位于 /mycoll/mydoc 的祖先文档，也可以访问路径为 /mycoll/mydoc/mysubcoll/mysubdoc 的文档。

不存在的祖先文档会显示在控制台中，但不会显示在查询结果和快照中。

如果要删除某个文档及其子集合中的所有文档，您必须手动操作。如需了解详情，请参阅删除集合。

删除字段

如需从文档中删除特定字段，请在更新文档时使用以下特定于语言的 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

Web 版本 9

使用 deleteField() 方法：

import { doc, updateDoc, deleteField } from "firebase/firestore";

const cityRef = doc(db, 'cities', 'BJ');

// Remove the 'capital' field from the document
await updateDoc(cityRef, {
    capital: deleteField()
});
update_delete_field.js

Web 版本 8

使用 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

var cityRef = db.collection('cities').doc('BJ');

// Remove the 'capital' field from the document
var removeCapital = cityRef.update({
    capital: firebase.firestore.FieldValue.delete()
});
test.firestore.js
Swift

使用 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

注意：此产品不适用于 watchOS 和 App Clip 目标。 
do {

  try await db.collection("cities").document("BJ").updateData([
    "capital": FieldValue.delete(),
  ])
  print("Document successfully updated")
} catch {
  print("Error updating document: \(error)")
}
ViewController.swift
Objective-C

使用 fieldValueForDelete: 方法：

注意：此产品不适用于 watchOS 和 App Clip 目标。 
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] documentWithPath:@"BJ"] updateData:@{
  @"capital": [FIRFieldValue fieldValueForDelete]
} completion:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
  if (error != nil) {
    NSLog(@"Error updating document: %@", error);
  } else {
    NSLog(@"Document successfully updated");
  }
}];
ViewController.m
Kotlin+KTX
Android

使用 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

val docRef = db.collection("cities").document("BJ")

// Remove the 'capital' field from the document
val updates = hashMapOf<String, Any>(
    "capital" to FieldValue.delete(),
)

docRef.update(updates).addOnCompleteListener { }
DocSnippets.kt
Java
Android

使用 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("BJ");

// Remove the 'capital' field from the document
Map<String,Object> updates = new HashMap<>();
updates.put("capital", FieldValue.delete());

docRef.update(updates).addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<Void>() {
    // ...
    // ...
DocSnippets.java

Dart

使用 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

final docRef = db.collection("cities").doc("BJ");

// Remove the 'capital' field from the document
final updates = <String, dynamic>{
  "capital": FieldValue.delete(),
};

docRef.update(updates);
firestore.dart
Java

使用 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

DocumentReference docRef = db.collection("cities").document("BJ");
Map<String, Object> updates = new HashMap<>();
updates.put("capital", FieldValue.delete());
// Update and delete the "capital" field in the document
ApiFuture<WriteResult> writeResult = docRef.update(updates);
System.out.println("Update time : " + writeResult.get());
ManageDataSnippets.java
Python

使用 firestore.DELETE_FIELD 方法：

city_ref = db.collection("cities").document("BJ")
city_ref.update({"capital": firestore.DELETE_FIELD})
snippets.py
Python
（异步）

使用 firestore.DELETE_FIELD 方法：

city_ref = db.collection("cities").document("BJ")
await city_ref.update({"capital": firestore.DELETE_FIELD})
snippets.py
C++

使用 FieldValue::Delete() 方法：

DocumentReference doc_ref = db->Collection("cities").Document("BJ");
doc_ref.Update({{"capital", FieldValue::Delete()}})
    .OnCompletion([](const Future<void>& future) { /*...*/ });
snippets.cpp
Node.js

使用 FieldValue.delete() 方法：

// Create a document reference
const cityRef = db.collection('cities').doc('BJ');

// Remove the 'capital' field from the document
const res = await cityRef.update({
  capital: FieldValue.delete()
});
index.js
Go

使用 firestore.Delete 方法：


import (
	"context"
	"log"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
)

func deleteField(ctx context.Context, client *firestore.Client) error {
	_, err := client.Collection("cities").Doc("BJ").Update(ctx, []firestore.Update{
		{
			Path:  "capital",
			Value: firestore.Delete,
		},
	})
	if err != nil {
		// Handle any errors in an appropriate way, such as returning them.
		log.Printf("An error has occurred: %s", err)
	}

	// ...
	return err
}

save_data_delete_field.go
PHP

使用 FieldValue::deleteField() 方法：

$cityRef = $db->collection('samples/php/cities')->document('BJ');
$cityRef->update([
    ['path' => 'capital', 'value' => FieldValue::deleteField()]
]);
data_delete_field.php
Unity

使用 FieldValue.Delete 方法：

DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("BJ");
Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "Capital", FieldValue.Delete }
};
C#

使用 FieldValue.Delete 方法：

DocumentReference cityRef = db.Collection("cities").Document("BJ");
Dictionary<string, object> updates = new Dictionary<string, object>
{
    { "Capital", FieldValue.Delete }
};
await cityRef.UpdateAsync(updates);
Program.cs
Ruby

使用 firestore.field_delete 方法：

city_ref = firestore.doc "#{collection_path}/BJ"
city_ref.update({ capital: firestore.field_delete })
delete_data.rb

删除集合

如需删除 Firestore 中的整个集合或子集合，请检索（读取）该集合或子集合中的所有文档并将其删除。此过程会产生读取和删除费用。如果您的集合较大，您可能需要分批删除文档，以免发生内存不足的错误。重复这一过程，直到删除整个集合或子集合。

为删除集合，您需要协调不定数量的单独的删除请求。如果您需要删除整个集合，请仅从可信的服务器环境中执行此操作。虽然可以从移动/Web 客户端删除集合，但这样做会对安全和性能产生负面影响。

下面的代码段已经过简化，不涉及错误处理、安全、删除子集合或性能最大化。如需详细了解在生产环境中删除集合的一种推荐方法，请参阅删除集合与子集合。

Web
// Deleting collections from a Web client is not recommended.
Swift
注意：此产品不适用于 watchOS 和 App Clip 目标。 
// Deleting collections from an Apple client is not recommended.
Objective-C
注意：此产品不适用于 watchOS 和 App Clip 目标。 
// Deleting collections from an Apple client is not recommended.
Kotlin+KTX
Android
// Deleting collections from an Android client is not recommended.
Java
Android
// Deleting collections from an Android client is not recommended.

Dart

不建议从客户端删除集合。

Java
/**
 * Delete a collection in batches to avoid out-of-memory errors. Batch size may be tuned based on
 * document size (atmost 1MB) and application requirements.
 */
void deleteCollection(CollectionReference collection, int batchSize) {
  try {
    // retrieve a small batch of documents to avoid out-of-memory errors
    ApiFuture<QuerySnapshot> future = collection.limit(batchSize).get();
    int deleted = 0;
    // future.get() blocks on document retrieval
    List<QueryDocumentSnapshot> documents = future.get().getDocuments();
    for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : documents) {
      document.getReference().delete();
      ++deleted;
    }
    if (deleted >= batchSize) {
      // retrieve and delete another batch
      deleteCollection(collection, batchSize);
    }
  } catch (Exception e) {
    System.err.println("Error deleting collection : " + e.getMessage());
  }
}
ManageDataSnippets.java
Python
def delete_collection(coll_ref, batch_size):
    if batch_size == 0:
        return

    docs = coll_ref.list_documents(page_size=batch_size)
    deleted = 0

    for doc in docs:
        print(f"Deleting doc {doc.id} => {doc.get().to_dict()}")
        doc.delete()
        deleted = deleted + 1

    if deleted >= batch_size:
        return delete_collection(coll_ref, batch_size)

snippets.py
Python
（异步）
async def delete_collection(coll_ref, batch_size):
    docs = coll_ref.limit(batch_size).stream()
    deleted = 0

    async for doc in docs:
        print(f"Deleting doc {doc.id} => {doc.to_dict()}")
        await doc.reference.delete()
        deleted = deleted + 1

    if deleted >= batch_size:
        return delete_collection(coll_ref, batch_size)

snippets.py
C++
// This is not supported. Delete data using CLI as discussed below.
Node.js
async function deleteCollection(db, collectionPath, batchSize) {
  const collectionRef = db.collection(collectionPath);
  const query = collectionRef.orderBy('__name__').limit(batchSize);

  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    deleteQueryBatch(db, query, resolve).catch(reject);
  });
}

async function deleteQueryBatch(db, query, resolve) {
  const snapshot = await query.get();

  const batchSize = snapshot.size;
  if (batchSize === 0) {
    // When there are no documents left, we are done
    resolve();
    return;
  }

  // Delete documents in a batch
  const batch = db.batch();
  snapshot.docs.forEach((doc) => {
    batch.delete(doc.ref);
  });
  await batch.commit();

  // Recurse on the next process tick, to avoid
  // exploding the stack.
  process.nextTick(() => {
    deleteQueryBatch(db, query, resolve);
  });
}

index.js
Go

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	"cloud.google.com/go/firestore"
	"google.golang.org/api/iterator"
)

func deleteCollection(w io.Writer, projectID, collectionName string,
	batchSize int) error {

	// Instantiate a client
	ctx := context.Background()
	client, err := firestore.NewClient(ctx, projectID)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	col := client.Collection(collectionName)
	bulkwriter := client.BulkWriter(ctx)

	for {
		// Get a batch of documents
		iter := col.Limit(batchSize).Documents(ctx)
		numDeleted := 0

		// Iterate through the documents, adding
		// a delete operation for each one to the BulkWriter.
		for {
			doc, err := iter.Next()
			if err == iterator.Done {
				break
			}
			if err != nil {
				return err
			}

			bulkwriter.Delete(doc.Ref)
			numDeleted++
		}

		// If there are no documents to delete,
		// the process is over.
		if numDeleted == 0 {
			bulkwriter.End()
			break
		}

		bulkwriter.Flush()
	}
	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Deleted collection \"%s\"", collectionName)
	return nil
}

save_data_delete_collection.go
PHP
function data_delete_collection(string $projectId, string $collectionName, int $batchSize)
{
    // Create the Cloud Firestore client
    $db = new FirestoreClient([
        'projectId' => $projectId,
    ]);
    $collectionReference = $db->collection($collectionName);
    $documents = $collectionReference->limit($batchSize)->documents();
    while (!$documents->isEmpty()) {
        foreach ($documents as $document) {
            printf('Deleting document %s' . PHP_EOL, $document->id());
            $document->reference()->delete();
        }
        $documents = $collectionReference->limit($batchSize)->documents();
    }
}
data_delete_collection.php
Unity
// This is not supported. Delete data using CLI as discussed below.
C#
private static async Task DeleteCollection(CollectionReference collectionReference, int batchSize)
{
    QuerySnapshot snapshot = await collectionReference.Limit(batchSize).GetSnapshotAsync();
    IReadOnlyList<DocumentSnapshot> documents = snapshot.Documents;
    while (documents.Count > 0)
    {
        foreach (DocumentSnapshot document in documents)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Deleting document {0}", document.Id);
            await document.Reference.DeleteAsync();
        }
        snapshot = await collectionReference.Limit(batchSize).GetSnapshotAsync();
        documents = snapshot.Documents;
    }
    Console.WriteLine("Finished deleting all documents from the collection.");
}
Program.cs
Ruby
cities_ref = firestore.col collection_path
query      = cities_ref

query.get do |document_snapshot|
  puts "Deleting document #{document_snapshot.document_id}."
  document_ref = document_snapshot.ref
  document_ref.delete
end
delete_data.rb

使用 Firebase CLI 删除数据

您还可以使用 Firebase CLI 删除文档和集合。如需删除数据，请使用以下命令：

firebase firestore:delete [options] <<path>>

使用控制台删除数据

您可以从控制台的 Firestore 页面删除文档和集合。从控制台删除文档将删除该文档中的所有嵌套数据，包括所有子集合。

使用 TTL 政策删除数据

TTL 政策会将某个字段指定为相应集合组中文档的到期时间。TTL 删除操作会计入文档删除费用。

如需了解如何设置 TTL，请参阅使用 TTL 政策管理数据保留。

如需详细了解错误代码以及如何解决删除数据时出现的延迟问题，请参阅问题排查页面。

使用 Dataflow 删除数据

Dataflow 是一个非常适合用于对 Firestore 数据库执行批量操作的工具。Dataflow 的 Firestore 连接器简介博文举例说明了如何删除合集组中的所有文档。

使用代管式批量删除

Firestore 支持批量删除一个或多个集合组。如需了解详情，请参阅批量删除数据。