Pub/Sub Topic to Text Files on Cloud Storage

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2018 Google LLC
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of
 * the License at
 *
 *   http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under
 * the License.
 */
package com.google.cloud.teleport.templates;

import com.google.cloud.teleport.io.WindowedFilenamePolicy;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.Template;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateCategory;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateCreationParameter;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.metadata.TemplateParameter;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.options.WindowedFilenamePolicyOptions;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.templates.PubsubToText.Options;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.util.DualInputNestedValueProvider;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.util.DualInputNestedValueProvider.TranslatorInput;
import com.google.cloud.teleport.util.DurationUtils;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.PipelineResult;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.FileBasedSink;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.TextIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.fs.ResourceId;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.io.gcp.pubsub.PubsubIO;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Default;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Description;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptionsFactory;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.StreamingOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.Validation.Required;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.ValueProvider.NestedValueProvider;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.SerializableFunction;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.FixedWindows;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.windowing.Window;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;

/**
 * This pipeline ingests incoming data from a Cloud Pub/Sub topic and outputs the raw data into
 * windowed files at the specified output directory.
 *
 * <p>Check out <a
 * href="https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/DataflowTemplates/blob/main/v1/README_Cloud_PubSub_to_GCS_Text.md">README</a>
 * for instructions on how to use or modify this template.
 */
@Template(
    name = "Cloud_PubSub_to_GCS_Text",
    category = TemplateCategory.STREAMING,
    displayName = "Pub/Sub to Text Files on Cloud Storage",
    description =
        "The Pub/Sub to Cloud Storage Text template is a streaming pipeline that reads records from Pub/Sub topic and "
            + "saves them as a series of Cloud Storage files in text format. "
            + "The template can be used as a quick way to save data in Pub/Sub for future use. "
            + "By default, the template generates a new file every 5 minutes.",
    optionsClass = Options.class,
    skipOptions = {"inputSubscription"},
    documentation =
        "https://cloud.google.com/dataflow/docs/guides/templates/provided/pubsub-topic-to-text",
    contactInformation = "https://cloud.google.com/support",
    requirements = {
      "The Pub/Sub topic must exist prior to execution.",
      "The messages published to the topic must be in text format.",
      "The messages published to the topic must not contain any newlines. Note that each Pub/Sub message is saved as a single line in the output file."
    },
    streaming = true,
    supportsAtLeastOnce = true,
    supportsExactlyOnce = true)
public class PubsubToText {

  /**
   * Options supported by the pipeline.
   *
   * <p>Inherits standard configuration options.
   */
  public interface Options
      extends PipelineOptions, StreamingOptions, WindowedFilenamePolicyOptions {

    @TemplateParameter.PubsubSubscription(
        order = 1,
        optional = true,
        description = "Pub/Sub input subscription",
        helpText =
            "Pub/Sub subscription to read the input from, in the format of"
                + " 'projects/your-project-id/subscriptions/your-subscription-name'",
        example = "projects/your-project-id/subscriptions/your-subscription-name")
    ValueProvider<String> getInputSubscription();

    void setInputSubscription(ValueProvider<String> value);

    @TemplateParameter.PubsubTopic(
        order = 2,
        optional = true,
        description = "Pub/Sub input topic",
        helpText =
            "The Pub/Sub topic to read the input from. The topic name should be in the format "
                + "`projects/<PROJECT_ID>/topics/<TOPIC_NAME>`.")
    ValueProvider<String> getInputTopic();

    void setInputTopic(ValueProvider<String> value);

    @TemplateCreationParameter(value = "false")
    @Description(
        "This determines whether the template reads from a Pub/Sub subscription or a topic")
    @Default.Boolean(false)
    Boolean getUseSubscription();

    void setUseSubscription(Boolean value);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsWriteFolder(
        order = 3,
        description = "Output file directory in Cloud Storage",
        helpText =
            "The path and filename prefix for writing output files. For example, `gs://bucket-name/path/`. This value must end in a slash.")
    @Required
    ValueProvider<String> getOutputDirectory();

    void setOutputDirectory(ValueProvider<String> value);

    @TemplateParameter.GcsWriteFolder(
        order = 4,
        optional = true,
        description = "User provided temp location",
        helpText =
            "The user provided directory to output temporary files to. Must end with a slash.")
    ValueProvider<String> getUserTempLocation();

    void setUserTempLocation(ValueProvider<String> value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 5,
        description = "Output filename prefix of the files to write",
        helpText = "The prefix to place on each windowed file. For example, `output-`.")
    @Default.String("output")
    @Required
    ValueProvider<String> getOutputFilenamePrefix();

    void setOutputFilenamePrefix(ValueProvider<String> value);

    @TemplateParameter.Text(
        order = 6,
        optional = true,
        description = "Output filename suffix of the files to write",
        helpText =
            "The suffix to place on each windowed file. Typically a file extension such as `.txt` or `.csv`.")
    @Default.String("")
    ValueProvider<String> getOutputFilenameSuffix();

    void setOutputFilenameSuffix(ValueProvider<String> value);
  }

  /**
   * Main entry point for executing the pipeline.
   *
   * @param args The command-line arguments to the pipeline.
   */
  public static void main(String[] args) {

    Options options = PipelineOptionsFactory.fromArgs(args).withValidation().as(Options.class);

    options.setStreaming(true);

    run(options);
  }

  /**
   * Runs the pipeline with the supplied options.
   *
   * @param options The execution parameters to the pipeline.
   * @return The result of the pipeline execution.
   */
  public static PipelineResult run(Options options) {
    // Create the pipeline
    Pipeline pipeline = Pipeline.create(options);

    PCollection<String> messages = null;

    /*
     * Steps:
     *   1) Read string messages from PubSub
     *   2) Window the messages into minute intervals specified by the executor.
     *   3) Output the windowed files to GCS
     */
    if (options.getUseSubscription()) {
      messages =
          pipeline.apply(
              "Read PubSub Events",
              PubsubIO.readStrings().fromSubscription(options.getInputSubscription()));
    } else {
      messages =
          pipeline.apply(
              "Read PubSub Events", PubsubIO.readStrings().fromTopic(options.getInputTopic()));
    }
    messages
        .apply(
            options.getWindowDuration() + " Window",
            Window.into(FixedWindows.of(DurationUtils.parseDuration(options.getWindowDuration()))))

        // Apply windowed file writes. Use a NestedValueProvider because the filename
        // policy requires a resourceId generated from the input value at runtime.
        .apply(
            "Write File(s)",
            TextIO.write()
                .withWindowedWrites()
                .withNumShards(options.getNumShards())
                .to(
                    WindowedFilenamePolicy.writeWindowedFiles()
                        .withOutputDirectory(options.getOutputDirectory())
                        .withOutputFilenamePrefix(options.getOutputFilenamePrefix())
                        .withShardTemplate(options.getOutputShardTemplate())
                        .withSuffix(options.getOutputFilenameSuffix())
                        .withYearPattern(options.getYearPattern())
                        .withMonthPattern(options.getMonthPattern())
                        .withDayPattern(options.getDayPattern())
                        .withHourPattern(options.getHourPattern())
                        .withMinutePattern(options.getMinutePattern()))
                .withTempDirectory(
                    NestedValueProvider.of(
                        maybeUseUserTempLocation(
                            options.getUserTempLocation(), options.getOutputDirectory()),
                        (SerializableFunction<String, ResourceId>)
                            input -> FileBasedSink.convertToFileResourceIfPossible(input))));

    // Execute the pipeline and return the result.
    return pipeline.run();
  }

  /**
   * Utility method for using optional parameter userTempLocation as TempDirectory. This is useful
   * when output bucket is locked and temporary data cannot be deleted.
   *
   * @param userTempLocation user provided temp location
   * @param outputLocation user provided outputDirectory to be used as the default temp location
   * @return userTempLocation if available, otherwise outputLocation is returned.
   */
  private static ValueProvider<String> maybeUseUserTempLocation(
      ValueProvider<String> userTempLocation, ValueProvider<String> outputLocation) {
    return DualInputNestedValueProvider.of(
        userTempLocation,
        outputLocation,
        new SerializableFunction<TranslatorInput<String, String>, String>() {
          @Override
          public String apply(TranslatorInput<String, String> input) {
            return (input.getX() != null) ? input.getX() : input.getY();
          }
        });
  }
}