Namespace google::cloud::spanner (2.16.0)

Contains all the Cloud Spanner C++ client types and functions.

Classes

Backup

This class identifies a Cloud Spanner Backup.

Bytes

A representation of the Spanner BYTES type: variable-length binary data.

Client

Performs database client operations on Spanner.

ClientOptions

ClientOptions allows the caller to set a variety of options when constructing a Client instance.

CommitOptions

Set options on calls to spanner::Client::Commit().

Connection

A connection to a Spanner database instance.

CreateInstanceRequestBuilder

CreateInstanceRequestBuilder is a builder class for google::spanner::admin::instance::v1::CreateInstanceRequest

CustomerManagedEncryption

Use encryption with encryption_key.

Database

This class identifies a Cloud Spanner Database.

DatabaseAdminClient

Performs database administration operations on Spanner.

DatabaseAdminConnection

A connection to the Cloud Spanner instance administration service.

Decimal<>

A representation of the Spanner NUMERIC type: an exact decimal value with a maximum integer precision (kIntPrecision) and rounding to a maximum fractional precision (kFracPrecision).

DefaultEncryption

Use the per-operation default encryption:

DmlResult

Represents the result of a data modifying operation using spanner::Client::ExecuteDml().

GoogleEncryption

Use Google default encryption.

Instance

This class identifies a Cloud Spanner Instance.

InstanceAdminClient

Performs instance administration operations on Cloud Spanner.

InstanceAdminConnection

A connection to the Cloud Spanner instance administration service.

Json

A simple representation for the Spanner JSON type: a lightweight, text-based, language-independent data interchange format.

JsonB

JsonB is a variant of Json (see above).

KeyBound

The KeyBound class is a regular type that represents an open or closed endpoint for a range of keys.

KeySet

The KeySet class is a regular type that represents a collection of Keys.

LimitedErrorCountRetryPolicy

A retry policy for the Spanner library based on counting errors.

LimitedErrorCountTransactionRerunPolicy

A transaction rerun policy based on counting errors.

LimitedTimeRetryPolicy

A retry policy for the Spanner library based on elapsed time.

LimitedTimeTransactionRerunPolicy

A transaction rerun policy based on elapsed time.

Mutation

A wrapper for Cloud Spanner mutations.

ProfileDmlResult

Represents the result and profile stats of a data modifying operation using spanner::Client::ProfileDml().

ProfileQueryResult

Represents the stream of Rows and profile stats returned from spanner::Client::ProfileQuery().

QueryOptions

These QueryOptions allow users to configure features about how their SQL queries executes on the server.

QueryPartition

The QueryPartition class is a regular type that represents a single slice of a parallel SQL read.

ReadPartition

The ReadPartition class is a regular type that represents a single slice of a parallel Read operation.

ResultSourceInterface

Defines the interface for RowStream implementations.

RetryPolicy

The base class for the Spanner library retry policies.

Row

A Row is a sequence of columns each with a name and an associated Value.

RowStream

Represents the stream of Rows returned from spanner::Client::Read() or spanner::Client::ExecuteQuery().

RowStreamIterator

A RowStreamIterator is an Input Iterator (see below) that returns a sequence of StatusOr<Row> objects.

SessionPoolOptions

Controls the session pool maintained by a spanner::Client.

SqlStatement

Represents a potentially parameterized SQL statement.

Timestamp

A representation of the Spanner TIMESTAMP type: An instant in time.

Transaction

The representation of a Cloud Spanner transaction.

TransactionRerunPolicy

The base class for the Spanner library transaction rerun policies.

TupleStream<Tuple>

A TupleStream<Tuple> defines a range that parses Tuple objects from the given range of RowStreamIterators.

TupleStreamIterator<Tuple>

A TupleStreamIterator<Tuple> is an "Input Iterator" that wraps a RowStreamIterator, parsing its elements into a sequence of StatusOr<Tuple> objects.

UpdateInstanceRequestBuilder

UpdateInstanceRequestBuilder is a builder class for google::spanner::admin::instance::v1::UpdateInstanceRequest

Value

The Value class represents a type-safe, nullable Spanner value.

Structs

BatchDmlResult

The result of executing a batch of DML statements.

CommitResult

The result of committing a Transaction.

CommitReturnStatsOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to return additional statistics about the committed transaction in a spanner::CommitResult.

CommitStats

Statistics returned for a committed Transaction.

CommitTimestamp

A sentinel type used to update a commit timestamp column.

ConnectionOptionsTraits

The traits to configure ConnectionOptions<T> for Cloud Spanner.

PartitionDataBoostOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to use "data boost" in the partitions returned from Client::PartitionRead() or PartitionQuery().

PartitionedDmlResult

The result of executing a Partitioned DML query.

PartitionOptions

Options passed to Client::PartitionRead or Client::PartitionQuery.

PartitionSizeOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the desired partition size to be generated by Client::PartitionRead() or PartitionQuery().

PartitionsMaximumOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the desired maximum number of partitions to return from Client::PartitionRead() or PartitionQuery().

QueryOptimizerStatisticsPackageOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the optimizer statistics package used in an SQL query.

QueryOptimizerVersionOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the optimizer version used in an SQL query.

ReadIndexNameOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the name of an index on a database table.

ReadOptions

Options passed to Client::Read or Client::PartitionRead.

ReadRowLimitOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a limit on the number of rows to yield from Client::Read().

RequestPriorityOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a spanner::RequestPriority.

RequestTagOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a per-request tag.

RouteToLeaderOption

Control "route to leader region" headers.

SessionCreatorRoleOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the database role used for session creation.

SessionPoolActionOnExhaustionOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the action to take when attempting to allocate a session when the pool is exhausted.

SessionPoolKeepAliveIntervalOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the interval at which we refresh sessions so they don't get collected by the backend GC.

SessionPoolLabelsOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the labels used when creating sessions within the pool.

SessionPoolMaxIdleSessionsOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the maximum number of sessions to keep in the pool in an idle state.

SessionPoolMaxSessionsPerChannelOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the maximum number of sessions to create on each channel.

SessionPoolMinSessionsOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set the minimum number of sessions to keep in the pool.

SpannerBackoffPolicyOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a spanner::BackoffPolicy.

SpannerPollingPolicyOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a spanner::PollingPolicy.

SpannerRetryPolicyOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a spanner::RetryPolicy.

StreamingResumabilityBufferSizeOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a limit on how much data will be buffered to guarantee resumability of a streaming read or SQL query.

TransactionTagOption

Option for google::cloud::Options to set a per-transaction tag.

Enums

DecimalMode

ActionOnExhaustion

Action to take when the session pool is exhausted.

RequestPriority

Functions

ToInteger(Decimal< Mode > const &, int)

Conversion to the nearest integer value, scaled by 10^exponent.

Rounds halfway cases away from zero. Fails when the destination type cannot hold that value.

Example
auto d =
    spanner::MakeDecimal<spanner::DecimalMode::kGoogleSQL>(123456789, -2)
        .value();
assert(d.ToString() == "1234567.89");
assert(spanner::ToInteger<int>(d).value() == 1234568);
assert(spanner::ToInteger<int>(d, 2).value() == 123456789);
Parameters
Name Description
d
exponent
typename T
DecimalMode
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< T >

MakeNumeric(std::string)

MakeNumeric() factory functions for Numeric.

Parameter
Name Description
s
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Numeric >

MakeNumeric(double)

MakeNumeric() factory functions for Numeric.

Parameter
Name Description
d
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Numeric >

MakeNumeric(T, int)

MakeNumeric() factory functions for Numeric.

Parameters
Name Description
i
exponent
typename T
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Numeric >

MakePgNumeric(std::string)

MakePgNumeric() factory functions for PgNumeric.

Parameter
Name Description
s
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< PgNumeric >

MakePgNumeric(double)

MakePgNumeric() factory functions for PgNumeric.

Parameter
Name Description
d
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< PgNumeric >

MakePgNumeric(T, int)

MakePgNumeric() factory functions for PgNumeric.

Parameters
Name Description
i
exponent
typename T
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< PgNumeric >

MakeBackup(std::string const &)

Constructs a Backup from the given full_name.

Returns a non-OK Status if full_name is improperly formed.

Parameter
Name Description
full_name
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Backup >

MakeConnection(spanner::Database const &, Options)

Returns a Connection object that can be used for interacting with Spanner.

The returned connection object should not be used directly; instead it should be given to a Client instance, and methods should be invoked on Client.

The optional opts argument may be used to configure aspects of the returned Connection. Expected options are any of the types in the following option lists.

See Also

Connection

Parameters
Name Description
db

See Database.

opts

(optional) Configure the Connection created by this function.

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< spanner::Connection >

MakeConnection(Database const &, ConnectionOptions const &, SessionPoolOptions)

Returns a Connection object that can be used for interacting with Spanner.

The returned connection object should not be used directly, rather it should be given to a Client instance, and methods should be invoked on Client.

See Also

Connection

Parameters
Name Description
db

See Database.

connection_options

configure the Connection created by this function.

session_pool_options

(optional) configure the SessionPool created by the Connection.

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< Connection >

MakeConnection(Database const &, ConnectionOptions const &, SessionPoolOptions, std::unique_ptr< RetryPolicy >, std::unique_ptr< BackoffPolicy >)

Returns a Connection object that can be used for interacting with Spanner.

The returned connection object should not be used directly, rather it should be given to a Client instance, and methods should be invoked on Client.

See Also

Connection

Example
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  using ::google::cloud::StatusOr;
  [](std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id,
     std::string const& database_id) {
    // Use a truncated exponential backoff with jitter to wait between
    // retries:
    //   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff
    //   https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/exponential-backoff
    auto client = spanner::Client(spanner::MakeConnection(
        spanner::Database(project_id, instance_id, database_id),
        google::cloud::Options{}
            .set<spanner::SpannerRetryPolicyOption>(
                std::make_shared<spanner::LimitedTimeRetryPolicy>(
                    /*maximum_duration=*/std::chrono::seconds(60)))
            .set<spanner::SpannerBackoffPolicyOption>(
                std::make_shared<spanner::ExponentialBackoffPolicy>(
                    /*initial_delay=*/std::chrono::milliseconds(500),
                    /*maximum_delay=*/std::chrono::seconds(16),
                    /*scaling=*/1.5))));

    std::int64_t rows_inserted;
    auto commit_result = client.Commit(
        [&client, &rows_inserted](
            spanner::Transaction txn) -> StatusOr<spanner::Mutations> {
          auto insert = client.ExecuteDml(
              std::move(txn),
              spanner::SqlStatement(
                  "INSERT INTO Singers (SingerId, FirstName, LastName)"
                  "  VALUES (20, 'George', 'Washington')"));
          if (!insert) return std::move(insert).status();
          rows_inserted = insert->RowsModified();
          return spanner::Mutations{};
        });
    if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
    std::cout << "Rows inserted: " << rows_inserted;
  }
Parameters
Name Description
db

See Database.

connection_options

configure the Connection created by this function.

session_pool_options

(optional) configure the SessionPool created by the Connection.

retry_policy
backoff_policy
Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< Connection >

MakeDatabase(std::string const &)

Constructs a Database from the given full_name.

Returns a non-OK Status if full_name is improperly formed.

Parameter
Name Description
full_name
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Database >

MakeDatabaseAdminConnection(Options)

Returns a DatabaseAdminConnection object that can be used for interacting with Cloud Spanner's admin APIs.

The returned connection object should not be used directly; instead it should be given to a DatabaseAdminClient instance.

The optional opts argument may be used to configure aspects of the returned DatabaseAdminConnection. Expected options are any of types in the following option lists.

See Also

DatabaseAdminConnection

Parameter
Name Description
opts

(optional) configure the DatabaseAdminConnection created by this function.

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< spanner::DatabaseAdminConnection >

MakeDatabaseAdminConnection(ConnectionOptions const &)

Returns a DatabaseAdminConnection object that can be used for interacting with Cloud Spanner's admin APIs.

The returned connection object should not be used directly, rather it should be given to a DatabaseAdminClient instance.

See Also

DatabaseAdminConnection

Parameter
Name Description
options

configure the DatabaseAdminConnection created by this function.

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< DatabaseAdminConnection >

MakeDatabaseAdminConnection(ConnectionOptions const &, std::unique_ptr< RetryPolicy >, std::unique_ptr< BackoffPolicy >, std::unique_ptr< PollingPolicy >)

Returns a DatabaseAdminConnection object that can be used for interacting with Cloud Spanner's admin APIs.

The returned connection object should not be used directly, rather it should be given to a DatabaseAdminClient instance.

Example
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  [](std::string const& project_id, std::string const& instance_id) {
    // A database admin client is controlled by three policies. The retry
    // policy determines for how long the client will retry transient failures.
    auto retry_policy =
        google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminLimitedTimeRetryPolicy(
            /*maximum_duration=*/std::chrono::minutes(25))
            .clone();
    // The backoff policy controls how long does the client waits to retry after
    // a transient failure. Here we configure a truncated exponential backoff
    // with jitter:
    //   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff
    //   https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/exponential-backoff
    auto backoff_policy = spanner::ExponentialBackoffPolicy(
                              /*initial_delay=*/std::chrono::seconds(2),
                              /*maximum_delay=*/std::chrono::minutes(10),
                              /*scaling=*/2.0)
                              .clone();
    // The polling policy controls how the client waits for long-running
    // operations (such as creating new instances). `GenericPollingPolicy<>`
    // combines existing policies.  In this case, keep polling until the
    // operation completes (with success or error) or 45 minutes, whichever
    // happens first. Initially pause for 10 seconds between polling requests,
    // increasing the pause by a factor of 4 until it becomes 2 minutes.
    auto polling_policy =
        spanner::GenericPollingPolicy<>(
            spanner::LimitedTimeRetryPolicy(
                /*maximum_duration=*/std::chrono::minutes(45)),
            spanner::ExponentialBackoffPolicy(
                /*initial_delay=*/std::chrono::seconds(10),
                /*maximum_delay=*/std::chrono::minutes(2),
                /*scaling=*/4.0))
            .clone();
    auto client = google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminClient(
        google::cloud::spanner_admin::MakeDatabaseAdminConnection(),
        google::cloud::Options{}
            .set<google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminRetryPolicyOption>(
                std::move(retry_policy))
            .set<
                google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminBackoffPolicyOption>(
                std::move(backoff_policy))
            .set<
                google::cloud::spanner_admin::DatabaseAdminPollingPolicyOption>(
                std::move(polling_policy)));

    // Use the client as usual.
    spanner::Instance instance(project_id, instance_id);
    std::cout << "Available databases for instance " << instance << "\n";
    for (auto& db : client.ListDatabases(instance.FullName())) {
      if (!db) throw std::move(db).status();
      std::cout << db->name() << "\n";
    }
    std::cout << "End of available databases\n";
  }
Parameters
Name Description
options

configure the DatabaseAdminConnection created by this function.

retry_policy

control for how long (or how many times) are retryable RPCs attempted

backoff_policy

controls the backoff behavior between retry attempts, typically some form of exponential backoff with jitter

polling_policy

controls for how often, and how quickly, are long running checked for completion

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< DatabaseAdminConnection >

MakeInstance(std::string const &)

Constructs an Instance from the given full_name.

Returns a non-OK Status if full_name is improperly formed.

Parameter
Name Description
full_name
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Instance >

MakeInstanceAdminConnection(Options)

Returns an InstanceAdminConnection object that can be used for interacting with Cloud Spanner's admin APIs.

The returned connection object should not be used directly; instead it should be given to a InstanceAdminClient instance.

The optional opts argument may be used to configure aspects of the returned InstanceAdminConnection. Expected options are any of the types in the following option lists.

See Also

InstanceAdminConnection

Parameter
Name Description
opts

(optional) configure the InstanceAdminConnection created by this function.

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< spanner::InstanceAdminConnection >

MakeInstanceAdminConnection(ConnectionOptions const &)

Returns an InstanceAdminConnection object that can be used for interacting with Cloud Spanner's admin APIs.

The returned connection object should not be used directly, rather it should be given to a InstanceAdminClient instance.

See Also

InstanceAdminConnection

Parameter
Name Description
options

configure the InstanceAdminConnection created by this function.

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< InstanceAdminConnection >

MakeInstanceAdminConnection(ConnectionOptions const &, std::unique_ptr< RetryPolicy >, std::unique_ptr< BackoffPolicy >, std::unique_ptr< PollingPolicy >)

Returns an InstanceAdminConnection object that can be used for interacting with Cloud Spanner's admin APIs.

The returned connection object should not be used directly, rather it should be given to a InstanceAdminClient instance.

Example
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  [](std::string const& project_id) {
    // An instance admin client is controlled by three policies. The retry
    // policy determines for how long the client will retry transient failures.
    auto retry_policy =
        google::cloud::spanner_admin::InstanceAdminLimitedTimeRetryPolicy(
            /*maximum_duration=*/std::chrono::minutes(25))
            .clone();
    // The backoff policy controls how long does the client waits to retry after
    // a transient failure. Here we configure a truncated exponential backoff
    // with jitter:
    //   https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_backoff
    //   https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/exponential-backoff
    auto backoff_policy = spanner::ExponentialBackoffPolicy(
                              /*initial_delay=*/std::chrono::seconds(2),
                              /*maximum_delay=*/std::chrono::minutes(10),
                              /*scaling=*/2.0)
                              .clone();
    // The polling policy controls how the client waits for long-running
    // operations (such as creating new instances). `GenericPollingPolicy<>`
    // combines existing policies.  In this case, keep polling until the
    // operation completes (with success or error) or 45 minutes, whichever
    // happens first. Initially pause for 10 seconds between polling requests,
    // increasing the pause by a factor of 4 until it becomes 2 minutes.
    auto polling_policy =
        spanner::GenericPollingPolicy<>(
            spanner::LimitedTimeRetryPolicy(
                /*maximum_duration=*/std::chrono::minutes(45)),
            spanner::ExponentialBackoffPolicy(
                /*initial_delay=*/std::chrono::seconds(10),
                /*maximum_delay=*/std::chrono::minutes(2),
                /*scaling=*/4.0))
            .clone();
    auto client = google::cloud::spanner_admin::InstanceAdminClient(
        google::cloud::spanner_admin::MakeInstanceAdminConnection(),
        google::cloud::Options{}
            .set<google::cloud::spanner_admin::InstanceAdminRetryPolicyOption>(
                std::move(retry_policy))
            .set<
                google::cloud::spanner_admin::InstanceAdminBackoffPolicyOption>(
                std::move(backoff_policy))
            .set<
                google::cloud::spanner_admin::InstanceAdminPollingPolicyOption>(
                std::move(polling_policy)));

    // Use the client as usual.
    std::cout << "Available configs for project " << project_id << "\n";
    auto project = google::cloud::Project(project_id);
    for (auto& cfg : client.ListInstanceConfigs(project.FullName())) {
      if (!cfg) throw std::move(cfg).status();
      std::cout << cfg->name() << "\n";
    }
    std::cout << "End of available configs\n";
  }
Parameters
Name Description
options

configure the InstanceAdminConnection created by this function.

retry_policy

control for how long (or how many times) are retryable RPCs attempted

backoff_policy

controls the backoff behavior between retry attempts, typically some form of exponential backoff with jitter

polling_policy

controls for how often, and how quickly, are long running checked for completion

Returns
Type Description
std::shared_ptr< InstanceAdminConnection >

MakeKey(Ts &&...)

Constructs a Key from the given arguments.

Example
  auto delete_albums = spanner::DeleteMutationBuilder(
                           "Albums", spanner::KeySet()
                                         .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(2, 1))
                                         .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(2, 3)))
                           .Build();
Parameters
Name Description
ts
typename...
Returns
Type Description
Key

MakeKeyBoundClosed(Ts &&...)

Returns a "closed" KeyBound with a Key constructed from the given arguments.

Example
  auto delete_singers_range =
      spanner::DeleteMutationBuilder(
          "Singers", spanner::KeySet().AddRange(spanner::MakeKeyBoundClosed(3),
                                                spanner::MakeKeyBoundOpen(5)))
          .Build();
Parameters
Name Description
ts
typename...
Returns
Type Description
KeyBound

MakeKeyBoundOpen(Ts &&...)

Returns an "open" KeyBound with a Key constructed from the given arguments.

Example
  auto key_set = spanner::KeySet().AddRange(spanner::MakeKeyBoundOpen(0),
                                            spanner::MakeKeyBoundOpen(11));
Parameters
Name Description
ts
typename...
Returns
Type Description
KeyBound

MakeInsertMutation(std::string, std::vector< std::string >, Ts &&...)

Creates a simple insert mutation for the values in values.

Example
void MakeInsertMutation(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  // Delete each of the albums by individual key, then delete all the singers
  // using a key range.
  auto commit_result = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::InsertOrUpdateMutationBuilder(
          "Performances",
          {"SingerId", "VenueId", "EventDate", "Revenue", "LastUpdateTime"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, 4, absl::CivilDay(2017, 10, 5), 11000,
                      spanner::CommitTimestamp{})
          .EmplaceRow(1, 19, absl::CivilDay(2017, 11, 2), 15000,
                      spanner::CommitTimestamp{})
          .Build()});
  if (!commit_result) throw std::move(commit_result).status();
  std::cout << "make-insert-mutation was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

Parameters
Name Description
table_name
columns
values
typename...
Returns
Type Description
Mutation

MakeUpdateMutation(std::string, std::vector< std::string >, Ts &&...)

Creates a simple update mutation for the values in values.

Example
void MakeUpdateMutation(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::MakeUpdateMutation(
          "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "MarketingBudget"}, 1, 1, 200000),
  });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
  std::cout << "make-update-mutation was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

Parameters
Name Description
table_name
columns
values
typename...
Returns
Type Description
Mutation

MakeInsertOrUpdateMutation(std::string, std::vector< std::string >, Ts &&...)

Creates a simple "insert or update" mutation for the values in values.

Example
void MakeInsertOrUpdateMutation(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::MakeInsertOrUpdateMutation(
          "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle", "MarketingBudget"}, 1,
          1, "Total Junk", 200000),
  });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();

  std::cout << "make-insert-or-update-mutation was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

Parameters
Name Description
table_name
columns
values
typename...
Returns
Type Description
Mutation

MakeReplaceMutation(std::string, std::vector< std::string >, Ts &&...)

Creates a simple "replace" mutation for the values in values.

Example
void MakeReplaceMutation(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::MakeReplaceMutation(
          "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle", "MarketingBudget"}, 1,
          1, "Go, Go, Go", 600000),
  });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();

  std::cout << "make-replace-mutation was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

Parameters
Name Description
table_name
columns
values
typename...
Returns
Type Description
Mutation

MakeDeleteMutation(std::string, KeySet)

Creates a simple "delete" mutation for the values in keys.

Example
void MakeDeleteMutation(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::MakeDeleteMutation("Albums", spanner::KeySet::All()),
  });
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();

  std::cout << "make-delete-mutation was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

Parameters
Name Description
table_name
keys
Returns
Type Description
Mutation

MakeDecimal(std::string)

Construction from a string, in decimal fixed- or floating-point formats.

  • [-+]?[0-9]+(.[0-9]*)?([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?
  • [-+]?.[0-9]+([eE][-+]?[0-9]+)?
  • [Nn][Aa][Nn] // "not a number" for kPostgreSQL mode

For example, "0", "-999", "3.141592654", "299792458", "6.02214076e23", etc. There must be digits either before or after any decimal point.

Fails on syntax errors or if the conversion would yield a value outside the NUMERIC range. If the argument has more than kFracPrecision digits after the decimal point it will be rounded, with halfway cases rounding away from zero.

Parameters
Name Description
s
DecimalMode
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Decimal< Mode > >

MakeDecimal(double)

Construction from a double.

Fails on NaN or any argument outside the NUMERIC value range (including infinities). If the argument has more than kFracPrecision digits after the decimal point it will be rounded, with halfway cases rounding away from zero.

Parameters
Name Description
d
DecimalMode
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Decimal< Mode > >

MakeDecimal(T, int)

Construction from an integer i, scaled by 10^exponent.

Fails on any (scaled) argument outside the NUMERIC value range.

Parameters
Name Description
i
exponent
typename T
DecimalMode
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Decimal< Mode > >

ToDouble(Decimal< Mode > const &)

Conversion to the closest double value, with possible loss of precision.

Always succeeds (i.e., can never overflow, assuming a double can hold values up to 10^(kIntPrecision+1)).

Parameters
Name Description
d
DecimalMode
Returns
Type Description
double

ToOptions(PartitionOptions const &)

Converts PartitionOptions to common Options.

Parameter
Name Description

Returns
Type Description
Options

ToPartitionOptions(Options const &)

Converts common Options to PartitionOptions.

Parameter
Name Description

Returns
Type Description
PartitionOptions

SerializeQueryPartition(QueryPartition const &)

Serializes an instance of QueryPartition to a string of bytes.

The serialized string of bytes is suitable for writing to disk or transmission to another process.

Example
    namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
    google::cloud::StatusOr<std::string> serialized_partition =
        spanner::SerializeQueryPartition(partition);
    if (!serialized_partition) throw std::move(serialized_partition).status();
    std::string const& bytes = *serialized_partition;
    // `bytes` contains the serialized data, which may contain NULs and other
    // non-printable characters.
    SendBinaryStringData(bytes);
Parameter
Name Description
query_partition
  • instance to be serialized.
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< std::string >

DeserializeQueryPartition(std::string const &)

Deserializes the provided string into a QueryPartition.

The serialized_query_partition argument must be a string that was previously returned by a call to SerializeQueryPartition().

Example
  google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::QueryPartition>
  ReceiveQueryPartitionFromRemoteMachine() {
    std::string serialized_partition = Receive();
    return google::cloud::spanner::DeserializeQueryPartition(
        serialized_partition);
  }
Parameter
Name Description
serialized_query_partition
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< QueryPartition >

ToOptions(ReadOptions const &)

Converts ReadOptions to common Options.

Parameter
Name Description

Returns
Type Description
Options

ToReadOptions(Options const &)

Converts common Options to ReadOptions.

Parameter
Name Description

Returns
Type Description
ReadOptions

SerializeReadPartition(ReadPartition const &)

Serializes an instance of ReadPartition to a string of bytes.

The serialized string of bytes is suitable for writing to disk or transmission to another process.

Example
    namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
    google::cloud::StatusOr<std::string> serialized_partition =
        spanner::SerializeReadPartition(partition);
    if (!serialized_partition) throw std::move(serialized_partition).status();
    std::string const& bytes = *serialized_partition;
    // `bytes` contains the serialized data, which may contain NULs and other
    // non-printable characters.
    SendBinaryStringData(bytes);
Parameter
Name Description
read_partition
  • instance to be serialized.
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< std::string >

DeserializeReadPartition(std::string const &)

Deserializes the provided string into a ReadPartition.

The serialized_read_partition argument must be a string that was previously returned by a call to SerializeReadPartition().

Example
  google::cloud::StatusOr<google::cloud::spanner::ReadPartition>
  ReceiveReadPartitionFromRemoteMachine() {
    std::string serialized_partition = Receive();
    return google::cloud::spanner::DeserializeReadPartition(
        serialized_partition);
  }
Parameter
Name Description
serialized_read_partition
  • string representation to be deserialized.
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< ReadPartition >

MakeTestRow(std::vector< std::pair< std::string, Value > >)

Creates a Row with the specified column names and values.

This overload accepts a vector of pairs, allowing the caller to specify both the column names and the Value that goes in each column.

This function is intended for application developers who are mocking the results of a Client::ExecuteQuery call.

Parameter
Name Description
pairs
Returns
Type Description
Row

MakeTestRow(Ts &&...)

Creates a Row with Values created from the given arguments and with auto-generated column names.

This overload accepts a variadic list of arguments that will be used to create the Values in the row. The column names will be implicitly generated, the first column being "0", the second "1", and so on, corresponding to the argument's position.

This function is intended for application developers who are mocking the results of a Client::ExecuteQuery call.

Parameters
Name Description
ts
typename...
Returns
Type Description
Row

StreamOf(RowRange &&)

A factory that creates a TupleStream<Tuple> by wrapping the given range.

The RowRange must be a range defined by RowStreamIterator objects.

void StreamOf(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  std::cout << "Querying the Singers table:\n";
  auto query = client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers"));
  using RowType = std::tuple<std::int64_t, std::string, std::string>;

  for (auto& row : spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(query)) {
    if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
    std::cout << "  SingerId: " << std::get<0>(*row) << "\n"
              << "  FirstName: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\n"
              << "  LastName: " << std::get<2>(*row) << "\n";
  }
  std::cout << "end of results\n";
}
Parameters
Name Description
range
typename Tuple
typename RowRange

must be a range defined by RowStreamIterators.

Returns
Type Description
TupleStream< Tuple >

GetSingularRow(RowRange)

Returns the only row from a range that contains exactly one row.

An error is returned if the given range does not contain exactly one row. This is a convenience function that may be useful when the caller knows that a range should contain exactly one row, such as when LIMIT 1 is used in an SQL query, or when a read is performed on a guaranteed unique key such that only a single row could possibly match. In cases where the caller does not know how many rows may be returned, they should instead consume the range in a loop.

void GetSingularRow(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;

  auto query = client.ExecuteQuery(spanner::SqlStatement(
      "SELECT FirstName, LastName FROM Singers WHERE SingerId = @singer_id",
      {{"singer_id", spanner::Value(2)}}));
  // `SingerId` is the primary key for the `Singers` table, the `GetSingularRow`
  // helper returns a single row or an error:
  using RowType = std::tuple<std::string, std::string>;
  auto row = GetSingularRow(spanner::StreamOf<RowType>(query));
  if (!row) throw std::move(row).status();
  std::cout << "FirstName: " << std::get<0>(*row)
            << "\nLastName: " << std::get<1>(*row) << "\n";
}
Parameters
Name Description
range
typename RowRange
Returns
Type Description
auto

MakeTimestamp(absl::Time)

Construct a Timestamp from an absl::Time.

May produce out-of-range errors if the given time is beyond the range supported by Timestamp (see class comments above).

Parameter
Name Description

Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Timestamp >

MakeTimestamp(protobuf::Timestamp const &)

Construct a Timestamp from a google::protobuf::Timestamp.

May produce out-of-range errors if the given protobuf is beyond the range supported by Timestamp (which a valid protobuf never will).

Parameter
Name Description

Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Timestamp >

MakeTimestamp(sys_time< Duration > const &)

Construct a Timestamp from a std::chrono::time_point on the system clock.

May produce out-of-range errors, depending on the properties of Duration and the std::chrono::system_clock epoch. Duration::rep may not be wider than std::int64_t. Requires that Duration::period is no more precise than std::nano.

Parameters
Name Description
tp
typename Duration
Returns
Type Description
StatusOr< Timestamp >

MakeReadOnlyTransaction(Transaction::ReadOnlyOptions)

Create a read-only transaction configured with opts.

Parameter
Name Description
opts
Returns
Type Description
Transaction

MakeReadWriteTransaction(Transaction::ReadWriteOptions)

Create a read-write transaction configured with opts.

Parameter
Name Description
opts
Returns
Type Description
Transaction

MakeReadWriteTransaction(Transaction const &, Transaction::ReadWriteOptions)

Create a read-write transaction configured with opts, and sharing lock priority with txn.

This should be used when rerunning an aborted transaction, so that the new attempt has a slightly better chance of success.

Parameters
Name Description
txn
opts
Returns
Type Description
Transaction

MakeNullValue()

Factory to construct a "null" Value of the specified type T.

This is equivalent to passing an absl::optional<T> without a value to the constructor, though this factory may be easier to invoke and result in clearer code at the call site.

Parameter
Name Description
typename T
Returns
Type Description
Value

VersionMajor()

The Cloud Spanner C++ Client major version.

Returns
Type Description
int constexpr

VersionMinor()

The Cloud Spanner C++ Client minor version.

Returns
Type Description
int constexpr

VersionPatch()

The Cloud Spanner C++ Client patch version.

Returns
Type Description
int constexpr

VersionPreRelease()

The Cloud Spanner C++ Client pre-release version.

Returns
Type Description
constexpr char const *

Version()

A single integer representing the Major/Minor/Patch version.

Returns
Type Description
int constexpr

VersionString()

The version as a string, in MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH[-PRE][+gitrev] format.

Returns
Type Description
std::string

Type Aliases

Numeric

Alias Of: Decimal< DecimalMode::kGoogleSQL >

Most users only need the Numeric or PgNumeric specializations of Decimal.

For example:

auto n = spanner::MakeNumeric(42).value();
assert(n.ToString() == "42");
assert(spanner::ToInteger<int>(n).value() == 42);

PgNumeric

Alias Of: Decimal< DecimalMode::kPostgreSQL >

Most users only need the Numeric or PgNumeric specializations of Decimal.

For example:

auto n = spanner::MakeNumeric(42).value();
assert(n.ToString() == "42");
assert(spanner::ToInteger<int>(n).value() == 42);

BackoffPolicy

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::internal::BackoffPolicy

The base class for backoff policies.

ExponentialBackoffPolicy

Alias Of: google::cloud::internal::ExponentialBackoffPolicy

A truncated exponential backoff policy with randomized periods.

ConnectionOptions

Alias Of: google::cloud::ConnectionOptions< ConnectionOptionsTraits >

The options for Cloud Spanner connections.

ListDatabaseRange

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::internal::PaginationRange< google::spanner::admin::database::v1::Database >

An input range to stream all the databases in a Cloud Spanner instance.

This type models an input range of google::spanner::admin::v1::Database objects. Applications can make a single pass through the results.

ListBackupOperationsRange

Alias Of: google::cloud::internal::PaginationRange< google::longrunning::Operation >

An input range to stream backup operations in Cloud Spanner instance.

This type models an input range of google::longrunning::Operation objects. Applications can make a single pass through the results.

ListDatabaseOperationsRange

Alias Of: google::cloud::internal::PaginationRange< google::longrunning::Operation >

An input range to stream database operations in Cloud Spanner instance.

This type models an input range of google::longrunning::Operation objects. Applications can make a single pass through the results.

ListBackupsRange

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::internal::PaginationRange< google::spanner::admin::database::v1::Backup >

An input range to stream backups in Cloud Spanner instance.

This type models an input range of google::longrunning::Operation objects. Applications can make a single pass through the results.

Date

Alias Of: ::absl::CivilDay

Represents a date in the proleptic Gregorian calendar as a triple of year, month (1-12), and day (1-31).

We use absl::CivilDay to represent a "date". Direct use of absl::CivilDay is recommended. This alias exists for backward compatibility.

See Also

https://abseil.io/docs/cpp/guides/time#civil-times

EncryptionConfig

Alias Of: absl::variant< DefaultEncryption, GoogleEncryption, CustomerManagedEncryption >

Specify the encryption configuration for any of the following operations:

IamUpdater

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::IamUpdater

Type alias for google::cloud::IamUpdater.

Used in the SetIamPolicy() read-modify-write cycle of the Spanner admin clients, DatabaseAdminClient and InstanceAdminClient, in order to avoid race conditions.

The updater is called with a recently fetched policy, and should either return an empty optional if no changes are required, or return a new policy to be set. In the latter case the control loop will always set the etag of the new policy to that of the recently fetched one. A failure to update then indicates a race, and the process will repeat.

ListInstancesRange

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::internal::PaginationRange< google::spanner::admin::instance::v1::Instance >

An input range to stream all the instances in a Cloud project.

This type models an input range of google::spanner::admin::v1::Instance objects. Applications can make a single pass through the results.

ListInstanceConfigsRange

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::internal::PaginationRange< google::spanner::admin::instance::v1::InstanceConfig >

An input range to stream all the instance configs in a Cloud project.

This type models an input range of google::spanner::admin::v1::Instance objects. Applications can make a single pass through the results.

Key

Alias Of: std::vector< Value >

A Key is a collection of Value objects where the i'th value corresponds to the i'th component of the table or primary index key.

In C++, this is implemented as a std::vector<Value>. See the MakeKey factory function below for an easy way to construct a valid Key instance.

Mutations

Alias Of: std::vector< Mutation >

An ordered sequence of mutations to pass to Client::Commit() or return from the Client::Commit() mutator.

InsertMutationBuilder

Alias Of: spanner_internal::WriteMutationBuilder< spanner_internal::InsertOp >

A helper class to construct "insert" mutations.

Example
void InsertMutationBuilder(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      spanner::Mutations{spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
                             "Singers", {"SingerId", "FirstName", "LastName"})
                             .EmplaceRow(1, "Marc", "Richards")
                             .EmplaceRow(2, "Catalina", "Smith")
                             .EmplaceRow(3, "Alice", "Trentor")
                             .EmplaceRow(4, "Lea", "Martin")
                             .EmplaceRow(5, "David", "Lomond")
                             .Build(),
                         spanner::InsertMutationBuilder(
                             "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle"})
                             .EmplaceRow(1, 1, "Total Junk")
                             .EmplaceRow(1, 2, "Go, Go, Go")
                             .EmplaceRow(2, 1, "Green")
                             .EmplaceRow(2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace")
                             .EmplaceRow(2, 3, "Terrified")
                             .Build()});
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
  std::cout << "insert-mutation-builder was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

UpdateMutationBuilder

Alias Of: spanner_internal::WriteMutationBuilder< spanner_internal::UpdateOp >

A helper class to construct "update" mutations.

Example
void UpdateMutationBuilder(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::UpdateMutationBuilder("Albums",
                                     {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "MarketingBudget"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, 1, 100000)
          .EmplaceRow(2, 2, 500000)
          .Build()});
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();
  std::cout << "update-mutation-builder was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

InsertOrUpdateMutationBuilder

Alias Of: spanner_internal::WriteMutationBuilder< spanner_internal::InsertOrUpdateOp >

A helper class to construct "insert_or_update" mutations.

Example
void InsertOrUpdateMutationBuilder(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::InsertOrUpdateMutationBuilder(
          "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle", "MarketingBudget"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, 1, "Total Junk", 100000)
          .EmplaceRow(1, 2, "Go, Go, Go", 200000)
          .EmplaceRow(2, 1, "Green", 300000)
          .EmplaceRow(2, 2, "Forever Hold Your Peace", 400000)
          .EmplaceRow(2, 3, "Terrified", 500000)
          .Build()});
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();

  std::cout << "insert-or-update-mutation-builder was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

ReplaceMutationBuilder

Alias Of: spanner_internal::WriteMutationBuilder< spanner_internal::ReplaceOp >

A helper class to construct "replace" mutations.

Example
void ReplaceMutationBuilder(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(spanner::Mutations{
      spanner::ReplaceMutationBuilder(
          "Albums", {"SingerId", "AlbumId", "AlbumTitle", "MarketingBudget"})
          .EmplaceRow(1, 1, "Total Junk", 500000)
          .EmplaceRow(1, 2, "Go, Go, Go", 400000)
          .EmplaceRow(2, 1, "Green", 300000)
          .Build()});
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();

  std::cout << "replace-mutation-builder was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

DeleteMutationBuilder

Alias Of: spanner_internal::DeleteMutationBuilder

A helper class to construct "delete" mutations.

Example
void DeleteMutationBuilder(google::cloud::spanner::Client client) {
  namespace spanner = ::google::cloud::spanner;
  auto commit = client.Commit(
      spanner::Mutations{spanner::DeleteMutationBuilder(
                             "Albums", spanner::KeySet()
                                           .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(1, 1))
                                           .AddKey(spanner::MakeKey(1, 2)))
                             .Build()});
  if (!commit) throw std::move(commit).status();

  std::cout << "delete-mutation-builder was successful\n";
}
See Also

The Mutation class documentation for an overview of the Cloud Spanner mutation API

See Also

https://cloud.google.com/spanner/docs/modify-mutation-api for more information about the Cloud Spanner mutation API.

SpannerPolicyOptionList

Alias Of: OptionList< SpannerRetryPolicyOption, SpannerBackoffPolicyOption, SpannerPollingPolicyOption >

List of all "policy" options.

SessionPoolOptionList

Alias Of: OptionList< RouteToLeaderOption, SessionCreatorRoleOption, SessionPoolMinSessionsOption, SessionPoolMaxSessionsPerChannelOption, SessionPoolMaxIdleSessionsOption, SessionPoolActionOnExhaustionOption, SessionPoolKeepAliveIntervalOption, SessionPoolLabelsOption >

List of all SessionPool options.

RequestOptionList

Alias Of: OptionList< RequestPriorityOption, RequestTagOption >

List of Request options for client::ExecuteBatchDml().

PollingPolicy

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::PollingPolicy

GenericPollingPolicy

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::GenericPollingPolicy< Retry, Backoff >

ExecutionPlan

Alias Of: ::google::spanner::v1::QueryPlan

Contains a hierarchical representation of the operations the database server performs in order to execute a particular SQL statement.

Query Plan proto

Example:
  // Only SQL queries with a Distributed Union as the first operator in the
  // `ExecutionPlan` can be partitioned.
  auto is_partitionable = [](spanner::ExecutionPlan const& plan) {
    return (!plan.plan_nodes().empty() &&
            plan.plan_nodes(0).kind() ==
                google::spanner::v1::PlanNode::RELATIONAL &&
            plan.plan_nodes(0).display_name() == "Distributed Union");
  };

  google::cloud::StatusOr<spanner::ExecutionPlan> plan = client.AnalyzeSql(
      spanner::MakeReadOnlyTransaction(),
      spanner::SqlStatement(
          "SELECT SingerId, FirstName, LastName FROM Singers"));
  if (!plan) throw std::move(plan).status();
  if (!is_partitionable(*plan)) {
    throw std::runtime_error("Query is not partitionable");
  }

sys_time

Alias Of: std::chrono::time_point< std::chrono::system_clock, Duration >

Convenience alias.

std::chrono::sys_time since C++20.

TracingOptions

Alias Of: ::google::cloud::TracingOptions

The configuration parameters for RPC/protobuf tracing.

The default options are:

  • single_line_mode=on
  • use_short_repeated_primitives=on
  • truncate_string_field_longer_than=128