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def create_instance(
    compute: object,
    project: str,
    zone: str,
    name: str,
    bucket: str,
) -> str:
    """Creates an instance in the specified zone.

    Args:
      compute: an initialized compute service object.
      project: the Google Cloud project ID.
      zone: the name of the zone in which the instances should be created.
      name: the name of the instance.
      bucket: the name of the bucket in which the image should be written.

    Returns:
      The instance object.
    """
    # Get the latest Debian Jessie image.
    image_response = (
        compute.images()
        .getFromFamily(project="debian-cloud", family="debian-11")
        .execute()
    )
    source_disk_image = image_response["selfLink"]

    # Configure the machine
    machine_type = "zones/%s/machineTypes/n1-standard-1" % zone
    startup_script = open(
        os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), "startup-script.sh")
    ).read()
    image_url = "http://storage.googleapis.com/gce-demo-input/photo.jpg"
    image_caption = "Ready for dessert?"

    config = {
        "name": name,
        "machineType": machine_type,
        # Specify the boot disk and the image to use as a source.
        "disks": [
            {
                "boot": True,
                "autoDelete": True,
                "initializeParams": {
                    "sourceImage": source_disk_image,
                },
            }
        ],
        # Specify a network interface with NAT to access the public
        # internet.
        "networkInterfaces": [
            {
                "network": "global/networks/default",
                "accessConfigs": [{"type": "ONE_TO_ONE_NAT", "name": "External NAT"}],
            }
        ],
        # Allow the instance to access cloud storage and logging.
        "serviceAccounts": [
            {
                "email": "default",
                "scopes": [
                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.read_write",
                    "https://www.googleapis.com/auth/logging.write",
                ],
            }
        ],
        # Metadata is readable from the instance and allows you to
        # pass configuration from deployment scripts to instances.
        "metadata": {
            "items": [
                {
                    # Startup script is automatically executed by the
                    # instance upon startup.
                    "key": "startup-script",
                    "value": startup_script,
                },
                {"key": "url", "value": image_url},
                {"key": "text", "value": image_caption},
                {"key": "bucket", "value": bucket},
            ]
        },
    }

    return compute.instances().insert(project=project, zone=zone, body=config).execute()

public static Operation startInstance(Compute compute, String instanceName) throws IOException {
  System.out.println("================== Starting New Instance ==================");

  // Create VM Instance object with the required properties.
  Instance instance = new Instance();
  instance.setName(instanceName);
  instance.setMachineType(
      String.format(
          "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/%s/zones/%s/machineTypes/e2-standard-1",
          PROJECT_ID, ZONE_NAME));
  // Add Network Interface to be used by VM Instance.
  NetworkInterface ifc = new NetworkInterface();
  ifc.setNetwork(
      String.format(
          "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/%s/global/networks/default",
          PROJECT_ID));
  List<AccessConfig> configs = new ArrayList<>();
  AccessConfig config = new AccessConfig();
  config.setType(NETWORK_INTERFACE_CONFIG);
  config.setName(NETWORK_ACCESS_CONFIG);
  configs.add(config);
  ifc.setAccessConfigs(configs);
  instance.setNetworkInterfaces(Collections.singletonList(ifc));

  // Add attached Persistent Disk to be used by VM Instance.
  AttachedDisk disk = new AttachedDisk();
  disk.setBoot(true);
  disk.setAutoDelete(true);
  disk.setType("PERSISTENT");
  AttachedDiskInitializeParams params = new AttachedDiskInitializeParams();
  // Assign the Persistent Disk the same name as the VM Instance.
  params.setDiskName(instanceName);
  // Specify the source operating system machine image to be used by the VM Instance.
  params.setSourceImage(SOURCE_IMAGE_PREFIX + SOURCE_IMAGE_PATH);
  // Specify the disk type as Standard Persistent Disk
  params.setDiskType(
      String.format(
          "https://www.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/%s/zones/%s/diskTypes/pd-standard",
          PROJECT_ID, ZONE_NAME));
  disk.setInitializeParams(params);
  instance.setDisks(Collections.singletonList(disk));

  // Initialize the service account to be used by the VM Instance and set the API access scopes.
  ServiceAccount account = new ServiceAccount();
  account.setEmail("default");
  List<String> scopes = new ArrayList<>();
  scopes.add("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/devstorage.full_control");
  scopes.add("https://www.googleapis.com/auth/compute");
  account.setScopes(scopes);
  instance.setServiceAccounts(Collections.singletonList(account));

  // Optional - Add a startup script to be used by the VM Instance.
  Metadata meta = new Metadata();
  Metadata.Items item = new Metadata.Items();
  item.setKey("startup-script-url");
  // If you put a script called "vm-startup.sh" in this Google Cloud Storage
  // bucket, it will execute on VM startup.  This assumes you've created a
  // bucket named the same as your PROJECT_ID.
  // For info on creating buckets see:
  // https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/cloud-console#_creatingbuckets
  item.setValue(String.format("gs://%s/vm-startup.sh", PROJECT_ID));
  meta.setItems(Collections.singletonList(item));
  instance.setMetadata(meta);

  System.out.println(instance.toPrettyString());
  Compute.Instances.Insert insert = compute.instances().insert(PROJECT_ID, ZONE_NAME, instance);
  return insert.execute();
}

def wait_for_operation(
    compute: object,
    project: str,
    zone: str,
    operation: str,
) -> dict:
    """Waits for the given operation to complete.

    Args:
      compute: an initialized compute service object.
      project: the Google Cloud project ID.
      zone: the name of the zone in which the operation should be executed.
      operation: the operation ID.

    Returns:
      The result of the operation.
    """
    print("Waiting for operation to finish...")
    while True:
        result = (
            compute.zoneOperations()
            .get(project=project, zone=zone, operation=operation)
            .execute()
        )

        if result["status"] == "DONE":
            print("done.")
            if "error" in result:
                raise Exception(result["error"])
            return result

        time.sleep(1)

/**
 * Wait until {@code operation} is completed.
 *
 * @param compute the {@code Compute} object
 * @param operation the operation returned by the original request
 * @param timeout the timeout, in millis
 * @return the error, if any, else {@code null} if there was no error
 * @throws InterruptedException if we timed out waiting for the operation to complete
 * @throws IOException if we had trouble connecting
 */
public static Operation.Error blockUntilComplete(
    Compute compute, Operation operation, long timeout) throws Exception {
  long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
  final long pollInterval = 5 * 1000;
  String zone = getLastWordFromUrl(operation.getZone()); // null for global/regional operations
  String region = getLastWordFromUrl(operation.getRegion());
  String status = operation.getStatus();
  String opId = operation.getName();
  while (operation != null && !status.equals("DONE")) {
    Thread.sleep(pollInterval);
    long elapsed = System.currentTimeMillis() - start;
    if (elapsed >= timeout) {
      throw new InterruptedException("Timed out waiting for operation to complete");
    }
    System.out.println("waiting...");
    if (zone != null) {
      Compute.ZoneOperations.Get get = compute.zoneOperations().get(PROJECT_ID, zone, opId);
      operation = get.execute();
    } else if (region != null) {
      Compute.RegionOperations.Get get = compute.regionOperations().get(PROJECT_ID, region, opId);
      operation = get.execute();
    } else {
      Compute.GlobalOperations.Get get = compute.globalOperations().get(PROJECT_ID, opId);
      operation = get.execute();
    }
    if (operation != null) {
      status = operation.getStatus();
    }
  }
  return operation == null ? null : operation.getError();
}