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Os serviços de saída no ambiente padrão do App Engine, como
as APIs URL Fetch, Sockets e Mail, usam
um grande pool de endereços IP. Os intervalos de endereços IP nesse conjunto estão sujeitos a
alterações de rotina. Na verdade, duas chamadas de API sequenciais do mesmo aplicativo podem
parecer originadas de dois endereços IP diferentes.
Se você precisar saber os endereços IP associados ao tráfego de saída do
serviço, poderá encontrar os intervalos de endereços IP atuais do serviço ou
configurar um endereço IP estático para o serviço.
Endereços IP para serviços do App Engine
É possível encontrar os intervalos de endereços IP atuais dos serviços do App Engine
com base nas informações de intervalos de IP que o Google publica:
O Google publica a lista completa de intervalos de IP que disponibiliza para usuários na Internet em goog.json.
O Google também publica uma lista de intervalos de endereços IP externo globais e
regionais disponíveis para os recursos do Google Cloud dos clientes em
cloud.json.
Os endereços IP usados pelas APIs e serviços do Google se encaixam
na lista de intervalos calculados removendo todos os intervalos em cloud.json
daqueles em goog.json. Essas listas são atualizadas com frequência.
É possível usar o script Python a seguir para criar uma lista de intervalos de endereços IP que incluem aqueles usados pelas APIs e serviços do Google.
Para mais informações sobre como executar esse script, consulte Como
executar.
from__future__importprint_functionimportjsontry:fromurllibimporturlopenexceptImportError:fromurllib.requestimporturlopenfromurllib.errorimportHTTPErrorimportnetaddrIPRANGE_URLS={"goog":"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/goog.json","cloud":"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/cloud.json",}defread_url(url):try:returnjson.loads(urlopen(url).read())except(IOError,HTTPError):print("ERROR: Invalid HTTP response from %s"%url)exceptjson.decoder.JSONDecodeError:print("ERROR: Could not parse HTTP response from %s"%url)defget_data(link):data=read_url(link)ifdata:print("{} published: {}".format(link,data.get("creationTime")))cidrs=netaddr.IPSet()foreindata["prefixes"]:if"ipv4Prefix"ine:cidrs.add(e.get("ipv4Prefix"))if"ipv6Prefix"ine:cidrs.add(e.get("ipv6Prefix"))returncidrsdefmain():cidrs={group:get_data(link)forgroup,linkinIPRANGE_URLS.items()}iflen(cidrs)!=2:raiseValueError("ERROR: Could process data from Google")print("IP ranges for Google APIs and services default domains:")foripin(cidrs["goog"]-cidrs["cloud"]).iter_cidrs():print(ip)if__name__=="__main__":main()
Configurar um endereço IP de saída estático
Para configurar um endereço IP estático para o serviço de ambiente padrão do App Engine, use o
acesso VPC sem servidor
com o Cloud Router e o Cloud NAT. Ao usar
o acesso VPC sem servidor, é possível enviar tráfego de saída para a
rede de nuvem privada virtual (VPC, na sigla em inglês). Ao usar um gateway de conversão de endereços
de rede (NAT, na sigla em inglês) na VPC, é possível rotear
o tráfego do App Engine por um endereço IP dedicado.
Rotear o tráfego pelo Cloud NAT não causa um salto adicional na
pilha de rede, porque o gateway do Cloud NAT e o Cloud Router
fornecem apenas um plano de controle e os pacotes não passam pelo
gateway NAT ou pelo Cloud Router.
As etapas a seguir mostram como configurar um endereço IP de saída estático para o
serviço de ambiente padrão do App Engine.
Verifique se você tem o papel
roles/compute.networkAdmin
ou um papel personalizado com as mesmas permissões.
Crie uma sub-rede dentro da rede VPC para
o tráfego do App Engine. Isso garante que outros recursos na
rede VPC não possam usar o endereço IP estático.
ROUTER_NAME com um nome para o recurso do Cloud Router que você quer criar.
NETWORK_NAME pelo nome da
rede VPC;
REGION pela região em que você quer criar um gateway NAT;
Reservar um endereço IP estático
Esse é o endereço que o serviço usará para enviar tráfego de saída. Um
recurso de endereço IP reservado retém o endereço IP subjacente quando o
recurso ao qual ele está associado é excluído e recriado: Esse endereço IP
conta para as cotas de endereço IP estático no seu projeto Google Cloud .
ORIGIN_IP_NAME pelo nome que você quer atribuir ao recurso de endereço IP.
REGION pela região que executará o
roteador do Cloud NAT. Idealmente, a mesma região do serviço
do App Engine para minimizar os custos de latência e de rede.
Por padrão, os serviços do App Engine que usam
o acesso VPC sem servidor enviam tráfego interno apenas para a
rede VPC. Para enviar tráfego com destinos
externos para a rede VPC para que ela tenha o
endereço IP estático especificado, altere a configuração de saída.
Especifique a configuração de saída no arquivo
app.yaml
do serviço:
[[["Fácil de entender","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["Meu problema foi resolvido","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["Outro","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["Difícil de entender","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["Informações incorretas ou exemplo de código","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["Não contém as informações/amostras de que eu preciso","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["Problema na tradução","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["Outro","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["Última atualização 2025-08-19 UTC."],[[["\u003cp\u003eOutbound traffic from App Engine standard environment services uses a dynamic pool of IP addresses, which means successive API calls may originate from different IPs.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eYou can find the current IP address ranges used by App Engine services by referring to the regularly updated \u003ccode\u003egoog.json\u003c/code\u003e and \u003ccode\u003ecloud.json\u003c/code\u003e files published by Google.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eA Python script is provided to help determine the specific IP ranges used by Google APIs and services by subtracting \u003ccode\u003ecloud.json\u003c/code\u003e ranges from \u003ccode\u003egoog.json\u003c/code\u003e ranges.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],["\u003cp\u003eTo use a consistent IP address, you can configure a static outbound IP address for your App Engine service by using Serverless VPC Access, Cloud Router, and Cloud NAT, which involves setting up a subnet, connecting to the subnet, creating a router, reserving a static IP, setting up the NAT gateway and changing the egress setting.\u003c/p\u003e\n"]]],[],null,["# Outbound IP addresses for App Engine services\n\nThe outbound services in the App Engine standard environment, such\nas the URL Fetch, Sockets, and Mail APIs, make use of\na large pool of IP addresses. The IP address ranges in this pool are subject to\nroutine changes. In fact, two sequential API calls from the same application may\nappear to originate from two different IP addresses.\n\nIf you need to know the IP addresses associated with outbound traffic from your\nservice, you can either find the current IP address ranges for your service, or\nset up a static IP address for your service.\n\nIP addresses for App Engine services\n------------------------------------\n\nYou can find the current IP address ranges for your App Engine services\nbased on IP range information that Google publishes:\n\n- Google publishes the complete list of IP ranges that it makes available to\n users on the internet in [goog.json](https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/goog.json).\n\n- Google also publishes a list of global and regional external IP addresses\n ranges available for customers' Google Cloud resources in\n [cloud.json](https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/cloud.json).\n\nThe IP addresses used by Google APIs and services fit\nwithin the list of ranges computed by taking away all ranges in `cloud.json`\nfrom those in `goog.json`. These lists are updated frequently.\n\nYou can use the following Python script to create a list of IP address ranges\nthat include those used by Google APIs and services.\n\nFor information about running this script, see [How to\nrun](https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/networking-tools-python/tree/main/tools/cidr#how-to-run). \n\n from __future__ import print_function\n\n import json\n\n try:\n from urllib import urlopen\n except ImportError:\n from urllib.request import urlopen\n from urllib.error import HTTPError\n\n import netaddr\n\n IPRANGE_URLS = {\n \"goog\": \"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/goog.json\",\n \"cloud\": \"https://www.gstatic.com/ipranges/cloud.json\",\n }\n\n\n def read_url(url):\n try:\n return json.loads(urlopen(url).read())\n except (IOError, HTTPError):\n print(\"ERROR: Invalid HTTP response from %s\" % url)\n except json.decoder.JSONDecodeError:\n print(\"ERROR: Could not parse HTTP response from %s\" % url)\n\n\n def get_data(link):\n data = read_url(link)\n if data:\n print(\"{} published: {}\".format(link, data.get(\"creationTime\")))\n cidrs = netaddr.IPSet()\n for e in data[\"prefixes\"]:\n if \"ipv4Prefix\" in e:\n cidrs.add(e.get(\"ipv4Prefix\"))\n if \"ipv6Prefix\" in e:\n cidrs.add(e.get(\"ipv6Prefix\"))\n return cidrs\n\n\n def main():\n cidrs = {group: get_data(link) for group, link in IPRANGE_URLS.items()}\n if len(cidrs) != 2:\n raise ValueError(\"ERROR: Could process data from Google\")\n print(\"IP ranges for Google APIs and services default domains:\")\n for ip in (cidrs[\"goog\"] - cidrs[\"cloud\"]).iter_cidrs():\n print(ip)\n\n\n if __name__ == \"__main__\":\n main()\n\n| **Note:** In the past, Google Cloud published a list of IP address ranges in the `_spf.google.com` DNS TXT record (and the records it referenced). While this DNS TXT record continues to be accurate for [SPF\n| purposes](https://support.google.com/a/answer/33786), it does not contain the complete set of possible IP address ranges used by Google APIs and services.\n\nSet up a static outbound IP address\n-----------------------------------\n\nTo set up a static IP address for your App Engine standard environment service, use\n[Serverless VPC Access](/vpc/docs/serverless-vpc-access)\nwith Cloud Router and [Cloud NAT](/nat/docs). By using\nServerless VPC Access, you can send egress traffic to your\nVirtual Private Cloud (VPC) network. By using a network address\ntranslation (NAT) gateway on your VPC, you can route\nthe App Engine traffic through a dedicated IP address.\n\nRouting your traffic through Cloud NAT does not cause an additional hop in\nyour networking stack since the Cloud NAT gateway and the Cloud Router\nprovide only a control plane and the packets do not pass through the\nCloud NAT gateway or the Cloud Router.\n| **Note:** Serverless VPC Access and Cloud NAT can both incur costs. Review [Serverless VPC Access pricing](/vpc/pricing#serverless-vpc-pricing) and [Cloud NAT pricing](/vpc/network-pricing#nat-pricing).\n\nThe following steps show how to set up a static outbound IP address for your\nApp Engine standard environment service.\n\n1. Make sure that you have the\n [roles/compute.networkAdmin](/iam/docs/understanding-roles#compute-engine-roles)\n role or a custom role with the same permissions.\n\n2. Create a subnetwork (subnet) inside your VPC network for\n App Engine traffic. This ensures that other resources in your\n VPC network cannot use the static IP address.\n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute networks subnets create SUBNET_NAME \\\n --range=RANGE \\\n --network=NETWORK_NAME \\\n --region=REGION\n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eSUBNET_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with a name you want to give to the subnet.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eRANGE\u003c/var\u003e with the [IP range](/vpc/docs/subnets#manually_created_subnet_ip_ranges) in CIDR format you want to assign to this subnet (e.g. `10.124.0.0/28`)\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eNETWORK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your VPC network.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region of your App Engine service.\n3. Connect your App Engine service to the subnet.\n\n Follow the guide\n [Connecting to a VPC network](/appengine/docs/standard/connecting-vpc),\n and specify the name of the subnet you created in the previous step for the\n connector subnet.\n4. Create a new Cloud Router. Cloud Router is a necessary control plane\n component for Cloud NAT.\n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute routers create ROUTER_NAME \\\n --network=NETWORK_NAME \\\n --region=REGION\n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eROUTER_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with a name for the Cloud Router resource you want to create.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eNETWORK_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your VPC network.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region in which you want to create a NAT gateway.\n5. Reserve a static IP address.\n\n This is the address that your service will use to send outgoing traffic. A\n reserved IP address resource retains the underlying IP address when the\n resource it is associated with is deleted and re-created. This IP address\n counts towards the static IP address quotas in your Google Cloud project. \n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute addresses create ORIGIN_IP_NAME \\\n --region=REGION\n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eORIGIN_IP_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name you want to assign to the IP address resource.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region that will run the Cloud NAT router. Ideally the same region as your App Engine service to minimize latency and network costs.\n\n Use the [`compute addresses describe` command](/sdk/gcloud/reference/compute/addresses/describe)\n to view the result: \n\n ```\n gcloud compute addresses describe ORIGIN_IP_NAME\n ```\n6. Create a Cloud NAT gateway and specify your IP address.\n\n Traffic originating from your subnet will go through this gateway and use\n the static IP address that you reserved in the previous step. \n\n ```bash\n gcloud compute routers nats create NAT_NAME \\\n --router=ROUTER_NAME \\\n --region=REGION \\\n --nat-custom-subnet-ip-ranges=SUBNET_NAME \\\n --nat-external-ip-pool=ORIGIN_IP_NAME\n \n ```\n\n In the command above, replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eNAT_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with a name for the Cloud NAT gateway resource you want to create.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eROUTER_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of your Cloud Router.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region in which you want to create a NAT gateway.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eORIGIN_IP_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the name of the reserved IP address resource you created in the previous step.\n7. Set the Serverless VPC Access\n [egress setting](/appengine/docs/standard/connecting-vpc#egress)\n to `all-traffic`.\n\n By default, App Engine services that use\n Serverless VPC Access only send internal traffic to your\n VPC network. In order to send traffic with external\n destinations to your VPC network so that it will have the\n static IP address that you specified, you must change the egress setting.\n\n Specify the egress setting in the\n [`app.yaml`](/appengine/docs/standard/reference/app-yaml)\n file for your service: \n\n ```yaml\n vpc_access_connector:\n name: projects/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e/locations/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e/connectors/\u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eCONNECTOR_NAME\u003c/var\u003e\n egress_setting: all-traffic\n ```\n\n Replace:\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003ePROJECT_ID\u003c/var\u003e with your Google Cloud project ID.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eREGION\u003c/var\u003e with the region your connector is in.\n - \u003cvar translate=\"no\"\u003eCONNECTOR_NAME\u003c/var\u003e with the [name](/appengine/docs/standard/connecting-vpc#create-connector) of your connector.\n\nDeploy the service: \n\n```bash\n gcloud app deploy\n```"]]
