克服交易 ID (TXID) 環繞 (wraparound) 防護錯誤

database is not accepting commands to avoid wraparound data loss in database
dbname.

Stop the postmaster and vacuum that database in single-user mode.

You might also need to commit or roll back old prepared transactions, or drop
stale replication slots.

database dbname must be vacuumed within 10985967 transactions.

To avoid a database shutdown, execute a database-wide VACUUM in that database.

SELECT datname, 
       age(datfrozenxid), 
       2^31-1000000-age(datfrozenxid) as remaining
  FROM pg_database
 ORDER BY 3

SELECT c.relnamespace::regnamespace as schema_name,
       c.relname as table_name,
       greatest(age(c.relfrozenxid),age(t.relfrozenxid)) as age,
       2^31-1000000-greatest(age(c.relfrozenxid),age(t.relfrozenxid)) as remaining
  FROM pg_class c
  LEFT JOIN pg_class t ON c.reltoastrelid = t.oid
 WHERE c.relkind IN ('r', 'm')
 ORDER BY 4;

SET cloudsql.enable_maintenance_mode = 'on'; /* get extra transaction ids */
DROP TABLE pg_temp_<N>.<tablename>;

 WITH q AS (
SELECT
  (SELECT max(age(backend_xmin))
      FROM pg_stat_activity  WHERE state != 'idle' )       AS oldest_running_xact_age,
  (SELECT max(age(transaction)) FROM pg_prepared_xacts)    AS oldest_prepared_xact_age,
  (SELECT max(greatest(age(catalog_xmin),age(xmin))) FROM pg_replication_slots)        AS oldest_replication_slot_age,
  (SELECT max(age(backend_xmin)) FROM pg_stat_replication) AS oldest_replica_xact_age
)
SELECT *,
       2^31 - oldest_running_xact_age AS oldest_running_xact_left,
       2^31 - oldest_prepared_xact_age AS oldest_prepared_xact_left,
       2^31 - oldest_replication_slot_age AS oldest_replication_slot_left,
       2^31 - oldest_replica_xact_age AS oldest_replica_xact_left
FROM q;

┌─[ RECORD 1 ]─────────────────┬────────────┐
│ oldest_running_xact_age      │ 2146483655 │
│ oldest_prepared_xact_age     │ 2146483655 │
│ oldest_replication_slot_age  │ ¤          │
│ oldest_replica_xact_age      │ ¤          │
│ oldest_running_xact_left     │ 999993     │
│ oldest_prepared_xact_left    │ 999993     │
│ oldest_replication_slot_left │ ¤          │
│ oldest_replica_xact_left     │ ¤          │
└──────────────────────────────┴────────────┘

GRANT pg_signal_backend TO postgres;

SELECT pid,
       age(backend_xid) AS age_in_xids,
       now() - xact_start AS xact_age,
       now() - query_start AS query_age,
       state,
       query
 FROM pg_stat_activity
 WHERE state != 'idle'
 ORDER BY 2 DESC
 LIMIT 10;

DB_NAME=> SELECT age(transaction),* FROM pg_prepared_xacts ;
┌─[ RECORD 1 ]┬───────────────────────────────┐
│ age         │ 2146483656                    │
│ transaction │ 2455493932                    │
│ gid         │ trx_id_pin                    │
│ prepared    │ 2021-03-03 16:54:07.923158+00 │
│ owner       │ postgres                      │
│ database    │ DB_NAME                       │
└─────────────┴───────────────────────────────┘

ROLLBACK PREPARED trx_id_pin;

COMMIT PREPARED trx_id_pin;

SELECT *, age(xmin) AS age FROM pg_replication_slots;
┌─[ RECORD 1 ]────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ slot_name           │ cloudsql_1_355b114b_9ff4_4bc3_ac88_6a80199bd738 │
│ plugin              │ ¤                                               │
│ slot_type           │ physical                                        │
│ datoid              │ ¤                                               │
│ database            │ ¤                                               │
│ active              │ t                                               │
│ active_pid          │ 1126                                            │
│ xmin                │ 2453745071                                      │
│ catalog_xmin        │ ¤                                               │
│ restart_lsn         │ C0/BEF7C2D0                                     │
│ confirmed_flush_lsn │ ¤                                               │
│ age                 │ 59                                              │
└─────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

SELECT set_config('save.ts', clock_timestamp()::text, false),
       set_config('save.heap_blks_scanned', heap_blks_scanned::text, false)
FROM pg_stat_progress_vacuum
WHERE datname = 'DB_NAME';

with q as (
    SELECT datname,
           phase,
           heap_blks_total,
           heap_blks_scanned,
           clock_timestamp() - current_setting('save.ts')::timestamp AS ts_delta,
           heap_blks_scanned - current_setting('save.heap_blks_scanned')::bigint AS scanned_delta
     FROM pg_stat_progress_vacuum
     WHERE datname = DB_NAME
), q2 AS (
SELECT *,
       scanned_delta / extract('epoch' FROM ts_delta) AS pages_per_second
  FROM q
)
SELECT *,
       (heap_blks_total - heap_blks_scanned) / pages_per_second AS remaining_time
  FROM q2
;

┌─[ RECORD 1 ]──────┬──────────────────┐
│ datname           │ DB_NAME          │
│ phase             │ scanning heap    │
│ heap_blks_total   │ 9497174          │
│ heap_blks_scanned │ 18016            │
│ ts_delta          │ 00:00:40.30126   │
│ as_scanned_delta  │ 11642            │
│ pages_per_second  │ 288.87434288655  │
│ remaining_time    │ 32814.1222418038 │
└───────────────────┴──────────────────┘

┌─[ RECORD 1 ]──────┬──────────────────┐
│ datname           │ DB_NAME          │
│ phase             │ scanning heap    │
│ heap_blks_total   │ 9497174          │
│ heap_blks_scanned │ 222382           │
│ ts_delta          │ 00:00:21.422615  │
│ as_scanned_delta  │ 138235           │
│ pages_per_second  │ 6452.76031894332 │
│ remaining_time    │ 1437.33713040171 │
└───────────────────┴──────────────────┘

VACUUM (INDEX_CLEANUP OFF, TRUNCATE OFF) <tablename>;

SELECT pid, query 
  FROM pg_stat_activity
 WHERE state != 'idle'
   AND query ilike '%vacuum%';

SET cloudsql.enable_maintenance_mode = 'on'; /* get extra transaction ids */
SELECT pg_terminate_backend(<pid>);DROP INDEX <index1>;DROP INDEX <index2>; ...