创建封装的密钥

本页介绍了如何使用 Cloud Key Management Service (Cloud KMS) 创建封装的密钥，之后可以使用该密钥向敏感数据保护的 Cloud Data Loss Prevention API 发出 deidentify 和 reidentify 请求。

使用加密密钥对内容进行去标识化和重标识的过程称为“假名化”（或“令牌化”）。如需了解此过程的概念信息，请参阅假名化。

如需查看演示如何创建封装密钥、对内容进行令牌化和重标识令牌化内容的端到端示例，请参阅快速入门：对敏感文本进行去标识化和重标识。

您可以在 5 至 10 分钟内完成本主题中的步骤，但不包括准备工作步骤。

准备工作

  1. Sign in to your Google Cloud account. If you're new to Google Cloud, create an account to evaluate how our products perform in real-world scenarios. New customers also get $300 in free credits to run, test, and deploy workloads.
  2. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  3. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init

  4. Create or select a Google Cloud project.

    • Create a Google Cloud project:

      gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

    • Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

      gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

  5. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  6. Enable the Sensitive Data Protection and Cloud KMS APIs: 

    gcloud services enable dlp.googleapis.com cloudkms.googleapis.com

  7. Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/dlp.user 

    gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE
    • Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.

    • Replace USER_IDENTIFIER with the identifier for your user account. For example, user:myemail@example.com.

    • Replace ROLE with each individual role.
    8.
  8. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  9. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command: 

    gcloud init

  10. Create or select a Google Cloud project.

    • Create a Google Cloud project:

      gcloud projects create PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with a name for the Google Cloud project you are creating.

    • Select the Google Cloud project that you created:

      gcloud config set project PROJECT_ID

      Replace PROJECT_ID with your Google Cloud project name.

  11. Make sure that billing is enabled for your Google Cloud project.

  12. Enable the Sensitive Data Protection and Cloud KMS APIs: 

    gcloud services enable dlp.googleapis.com cloudkms.googleapis.com

  13. Grant roles to your user account. Run the following command once for each of the following IAM roles: roles/dlp.user 

    gcloud projects add-iam-policy-binding PROJECT_ID --member="USER_IDENTIFIER" --role=ROLE
    • Replace PROJECT_ID with your project ID.

    • Replace USER_IDENTIFIER with the identifier for your user account. For example, user:myemail@example.com.

    • Replace ROLE with each individual role.
    14.

第 1 步：创建密钥环和密钥

在开始此步骤之前，请先确定您希望 Sensitive Data Protection 处理去标识化和重标识请求的位置。创建 Cloud KMS 密钥时，您必须将其存储在 global 位置或用于敏感数据保护请求的同一区域中。否则，Sensitive Data Protection 请求将失败。

您可以在敏感数据保护位置中找到受支持位置的列表。记下所选区域的名称（例如 us-west1）。

此步骤使用 global 作为所有 API 请求的位置。如果要使用其他区域，请将 global 替换为区域名称。

  1. 创建密钥环：

    gcloud kms keyrings create "dlp-keyring" \
    --location "global"

  2. 创建密钥：

    gcloud kms keys create "dlp-key" \
    --location "global" \
    --keyring "dlp-keyring" \
    --purpose "encryption"

  3. 列出密钥环和密钥：

    gcloud kms keys list \
    --location "global" \
    --keyring "dlp-keyring"

    您将获得以下输出：

    NAME                                                                                   PURPOSE          ALGORITHM                    PROTECTION_LEVEL  LABELS  PRIMARY_ID  PRIMARY_STATE
projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/dlp-keyring/cryptoKeys/dlp-key  ENCRYPT_DECRYPT  GOOGLE_SYMMETRIC_ENCRYPTION  SOFTWARE                  1           ENABLED

    在此输出中，PROJECT_ID 是您的项目 ID。

    NAME 下的路径是您的 Cloud KMS 密钥的完整资源名称。请记下此路径，去标识化和重标识请求将需要它。

第 2 步：创建 base64 编码的 AES 密钥

本部分介绍如何创建高级加密标准 (AES) 密钥并采用 base64 格式进行编码。

  1. 创建 128 位、192 位或 256 位 AES 密钥。以下命令使用 openssl 在当前目录中创建一个 256 位密钥：

    openssl rand -out "./aes_key.bin" 32

    文件 aes_key.bin 已添加到当前目录。

  2. 将 AES 密钥编码为 base64 字符串：

    base64 -i ./aes_key.bin

    您将看到类似于以下内容的输出：

    uEDo6/yKx+zCg2cZ1DBwpwvzMVNk/c+jWs7OwpkMc/s=

第 3 步：使用 Cloud KMS 密钥封装 AES 密钥

本部分介绍如何使用第 1 步中创建的 Cloud KMS 密钥来封装第 2 步中创建的 base64 编码的 AES 密钥。

如需封装 AES 密钥，请使用 curl 将以下请求发送至 Cloud KMS API projects.locations.keyRings.cryptoKeys.encrypt：

curl "https://cloudkms.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/dlp-keyring/cryptoKeys/dlp-key:encrypt" \
  --request "POST" \
  --header "Authorization:Bearer $(gcloud auth application-default print-access-token)" \
  --header "content-type: application/json" \
  --data "{\"plaintext\": \"BASE64_ENCODED_AES_KEY\"}"

请替换以下内容：

您从 Cloud KMS 获得的响应类似于以下 JSON：

{
  "name": "projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/global/keyRings/dlp-keyring/cryptoKeys/dlp-key/cryptoKeyVersions/1",
  "ciphertext": "CiQAYuuIGo5DVaqdE0YLioWxEhC8LbTmq7Uy2G3qOJlZB7WXBw0SSQAjdwP8ZusZJ3Kr8GD9W0vaFPMDksmHEo6nTDaW/j5sSYpHa1ym2JHk+lUgkC3Zw5bXhfCNOkpXUdHGZKou1893O8BDby/82HY=",
  "ciphertextCrc32c": "901327763",
  "protectionLevel": "SOFTWARE"
}

在此输出中，PROJECT_ID 是您的项目 ID。

记下您获得的响应中的 ciphertext 值。这是封装的密钥。

后续步骤