Format certificates for GKE Identity Service

This document explains how to format certificates when configuring GKE Identity Service. This guidance can help you avoid and troubleshoot issues with identity provider certificates when using the service.

Overview

GKE Identity Service is an authentication service that lets you log in to your GKE cluster through identity providers such as OIDC and LDAP. While establishing a TLS connection, GKE Identity Service validates the provider's server certificate, and verifies if the issuer of the provider's certificate is one of the configured certificate authority (CA) certificates.

certificateAuthorityData string in ClientConfig

The CA certificate that is used to verify the provider's identity is configured in the certificateAuthorityData field in the ClientConfig, as shown in the following examples.

Example for LDAP

...
ldap:
  host: HOST_NAME
  certificateAuthorityData: CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_DATA
  connectionType: CONNECTION_TYPE
...

where CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_DATA contains a base64-encoded, PEM-formatted CA certificate for the LDAP server. Include the resulting string in certificateAuthorityData as a single line. This must be provided only for ldaps and startTLS connections.

Example for OIDC

...
oidc:
  certificateAuthorityData: CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_DATA
...

where CERTIFICATE_AUTHORITY_DATA contains a base64-encoded, PEM-formatted certificate string for the identity provider. Include the resulting string in certificateAuthorityData as a single line.

Base64-encoded certificate value

Defined in RFC 4864, standard base64 encoding uses the characters A to Z, a to z, 0 to 9, + and /. Data is padded using =.

Encode CA certificate for GKE Identity Service

SSL certificates have formats such as DER, PEM, and PFX. PFX files are usually encrypted with a password.

When you configure GKE Identity Service with an identity provider, certificates shouldn't be password protected. This is because there is no workflow available to specify the password for decryption. For this reason, make sure you convert your certificates from other formats to PEM encoded files using an openssl command line tool on any Linux or Unix system. If there are multiple certificates, concatenate the certificates and import these as a single PEM file.

PEM format example

Here's an example of a PEM encoded certificate:

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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-----END CERTIFICATE-----

Note the following details in the example:

• The certificate delimiters start with BEGIN CERTIFICATE and end with END CERTIFICATE.
• The number of hyphens used in the delimiters is fixed.
• The certificate value uses standard base64 (RFC 4864) encoding with line breaks (after 64 characters).
• The line breaks (\n) are not visible. Do not escape the new line character.

Specify the certificate value in ClientConfig

To specify the certificate value in your ClientConfig, do the following:

1. Determine the PEM-encoded format for the CA certificate.
2. Base64 encode the PEM file as per RFC 4864. Ensure that the output is a long single string without any line breaks, as in the following example of a base64-encoded PEM file:

   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

3. Provide this certificate value for the certificateAuthorityData field in the ClientConfig.

CA certificates for intermediate certificates

An intermediate certificate plays a "chain of trust" role between an end entity certificate and a root certificate. This certificate value should be formatted as a base64-encoded string when used in the ClientConfig. To create a single string, concatenate the complete PEM-encoded certificates into a single string and then base64 encode it.

Here's an example of a contiguous trust chain starting with the root certificate.

ServerCert -> IntermediateCA -> DeptCA -> RootCA

In this example, ServerCert is issued by IntermediateCA, which is issued by DeptCA, which in turn is issued by RootCA.

Partial trust chains are supported by GKE Identity Service. This means you can provide chains with only some of the certificates, such as:

IntermediateCA -> DeptCA -> RootCA

IntermediateCA -> DeptCA

ServerCert

When GKE Identity Service is only configured with a partial chain, it will verify the identity of the server by trying to match the certificates in the partial chain against the identity presented by the server.

Earlier versions of GKE Identity Service, such as versions before Google Distributed Cloud 1.28.200, require a contiguous trust chain starting from the root certificate to verify the server. Examples of partial chains supported by earlier versions of GKE Identity Service:

ServerCert -> IntermediateCA -> DeptCA -> RootCA

IntermediateCA -> DeptCA -> RootCA

DeptCA -> RootCA

If you are encountering certificate verification issues and don't know which version of GKE Identity Service you're using, try adding a root certificate into your trust chain if you don't have one to see if this is the cause of the issue.

Specify the certificate trust chain in ClientConfig

To specify the certificate trust chain in your ClientConfig, do the following:

1. Determine the PEM-encoded format for the CA certificates you want to include in the certificate chain.

2. Concatenate the PEM files into a single file such that the root certificate is at the end of the file. Here's what the output looks like:

   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   IntermediateCA
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   DeptCA
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----
   -----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
   RootCA certificate
   -----END CERTIFICATE-----

3. Base64-encode the concatenated file. Ensure the file contains a single line of base64-encoded text.

4. Provide this certificate value for the certificateAuthorityData field in the ClientConfig.