[[["易于理解","easyToUnderstand","thumb-up"],["解决了我的问题","solvedMyProblem","thumb-up"],["其他","otherUp","thumb-up"]],[["很难理解","hardToUnderstand","thumb-down"],["信息或示例代码不正确","incorrectInformationOrSampleCode","thumb-down"],["没有我需要的信息/示例","missingTheInformationSamplesINeed","thumb-down"],["翻译问题","translationIssue","thumb-down"],["其他","otherDown","thumb-down"]],["最后更新时间 (UTC):2025-08-18。"],[],[],null,["# Separation of duties\n\n*Separation of duties* is the concept of ensuring that one individual does not\nhave all necessary permissions to be able to complete a malicious action. In\nCloud Key Management Service, this could be an action such as using a key to access and decrypt\ndata which that user should not normally have access to.\n\nSeparation of duties is a business control typically used in larger\norganizations, meant to help avoid security or privacy incidents and errors.\nIt is considered best practice.\n\nFor further guidance, see our [documentation on using Identity and Access Management securely](/iam/docs/using-iam-securely).\n\nSetting up Cloud KMS in a separate project\n------------------------------------------\n\nCloud KMS could be run in an existing project, for example `your-project`, and\nthis might be sensible if the data being encrypted with keys in Cloud KMS is\nstored in the same project.\n\nHowever, any user with `owner` access on that project is then also able to\nmanage (and perform cryptographic operations with)\nkeys in Cloud KMS in that project. This is because the keys themselves are owned\nby the\nproject, of which the user is an `owner`.\n\nInstead, to allow for a separation of duties, you could run Cloud KMS in its\nown project, for example `your-key-project`. Then, depending on the strictness\nof your separation requirements, you could either:\n\n- (**recommended** ) Create `your-key-project` without an `owner` at the project level, and designate an Organization Admin [granted at the organization-level](/resource-manager/docs/quickstart#grant_roles_at_the_organization_level). Unlike an `owner`, an Organization Admin can't manage or use keys directly. They are restricted to setting IAM policies, which restrict who can manage and use keys. Using an organization-level node, you can further restrict permissions for projects in your organization.\n- (not recommended) If you must continue to use the `owner` role, ensure that it is granted to a different principal in `your-key-project` than the principal who is the `owner` of `your-project`. The `owner` can still use keys, but only in a single project."]]