列出和获取服务账号密钥

本页面介绍了如何使用 Google Cloud 控制台、Google Cloud CLI、Identity and Access Management API 或某个 Google Cloud 客户端库来列出和获取服务账号密钥。

准备工作

• Enable the IAM API.

  Enable the API

• 设置身份验证。

  Select the tab for how you plan to use the samples on this page:

  Console

  When you use the Google Cloud console to access Google Cloud services and APIs, you don't need to set up authentication.

  gcloud

  In the Google Cloud console, activate Cloud Shell.

  Activate Cloud Shell

  At the bottom of the Google Cloud console, a Cloud Shell session starts and displays a command-line prompt. Cloud Shell is a shell environment with the Google Cloud CLI already installed and with values already set for your current project. It can take a few seconds for the session to initialize.

  C++

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 C++ 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  C#

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 .NET 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Go

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Go 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Java

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Java 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  Python

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 Python 示例，请安装并初始化 gcloud CLI，然后使用您的用户凭据设置应用默认凭据。

  1. Install the Google Cloud CLI.

  2. To initialize the gcloud CLI, run the following command:

     gcloud init

  3. If you're using a local shell, then create local authentication credentials for your user account:

     gcloud auth application-default login

     You don't need to do this if you're using Cloud Shell.

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的为本地开发环境设置身份验证。

  REST

  如需在本地开发环境中使用本页面上的 REST API 示例，请使用您提供给 gcloud CLI 的凭据。

  Install the Google Cloud CLI, then initialize it by running the following command:

  gcloud init

  如需了解详情，请参阅 Google Cloud 身份验证文档中的使用 REST 时进行身份验证。

• 了解服务账号凭据。

所需的角色

如需获得列出和获取服务账号密钥所需的权限，请让管理员向您授予要管理密钥的项目或服务账号的 View Service Accounts (roles/iam.serviceAccountViewer) IAM 角色。 如需详细了解如何授予角色，请参阅管理对项目、文件夹和组织的访问权限。

您也可以通过自定义角色或其他预定义角色来获取所需的权限。

如需了解详情，请参阅服务账号角色。

IAM 基本角色还包含管理服务账号密钥的权限。 您不应在生产环境中授予基本角色，但可以在开发或测试环境中授予这些角色。

列出服务账号密钥

您可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI、serviceAccount.keys.list() 方法或某个客户端库列出服务账号的密钥。

serviceAccount.keys.list() 方法通常用于审核服务账号和密钥，或者构建用于管理服务账号的自定义工具。

要了解您的密钥属于哪个项目，您可以以 JSON 文件的格式下载该密钥并查看该文件。

您可能会发现有些列出的密钥并不是由您创建的。这些密钥由 Google 创建，由 Service Account Credentials API 使用。如需了解详情，请参阅 Google 管理的密钥对。

gcloud iam service-accounts keys list \
    --iam-account=SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com

namespace iam = ::google::cloud::iam_admin_v1;
[](std::string const& service_account_name,
   std::vector<std::string> const& key_type_labels) {
  iam::IAMClient client(iam::MakeIAMConnection());
  std::vector<google::iam::admin::v1::ListServiceAccountKeysRequest::KeyType>
      key_types;
  for (auto const& type : key_type_labels) {
    if (type == "USER_MANAGED") {
      key_types.push_back(google::iam::admin::v1::
                              ListServiceAccountKeysRequest::USER_MANAGED);
    } else if (type == "SYSTEM_MANAGED") {
      key_types.push_back(google::iam::admin::v1::
                              ListServiceAccountKeysRequest::SYSTEM_MANAGED);
    }
  }
  auto response =
      client.ListServiceAccountKeys(service_account_name, key_types);
  if (!response) throw std::move(response).status();
  std::cout << "ServiceAccountKeys successfully retrieved: "
            << response->DebugString() << "\n";
}

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using Google.Apis.Auth.OAuth2;
using Google.Apis.Iam.v1;
using Google.Apis.Iam.v1.Data;

public partial class ServiceAccountKeys
{
    public static IList<ServiceAccountKey> ListKeys(string serviceAccountEmail)
    {
        var credential = GoogleCredential.GetApplicationDefault()
            .CreateScoped(IamService.Scope.CloudPlatform);
        var service = new IamService(new IamService.Initializer
        {
            HttpClientInitializer = credential
        });

        var response = service.Projects.ServiceAccounts.Keys
            .List($"projects/-/serviceAccounts/{serviceAccountEmail}")
            .Execute();
        foreach (ServiceAccountKey key in response.Keys)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Key: " + key.Name);
        }
        return response.Keys;
    }
}

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	iam "google.golang.org/api/iam/v1"
)

// listKey lists a service account's keys.
func listKeys(w io.Writer, serviceAccountEmail string) ([]*iam.ServiceAccountKey, error) {
	ctx := context.Background()
	service, err := iam.NewService(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iam.NewService: %w", err)
	}

	resource := "projects/-/serviceAccounts/" + serviceAccountEmail
	response, err := service.Projects.ServiceAccounts.Keys.List(resource).Do()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("Projects.ServiceAccounts.Keys.List: %w", err)
	}
	for _, key := range response.Keys {
		fmt.Fprintf(w, "Listing key: %v", key.Name)
	}
	return response.Keys, nil
}

import com.google.cloud.iam.admin.v1.IAMClient;
import com.google.iam.admin.v1.ListServiceAccountKeysRequest;
import com.google.iam.admin.v1.ServiceAccountKey;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

public class ListServiceAccountKeys {

  public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    // TODO(Developer): Replace the below variables before running.
    String projectId = "your-project-id";
    String serviceAccountName = "your-service-account-name";

    List<ServiceAccountKey> keys = listKeys(projectId, serviceAccountName);
    keys.forEach(key -> System.out.println("Key: " + key.getName()));
  }

  // Lists all keys for a service account.
  public static List<ServiceAccountKey> listKeys(String projectId, String accountName)
          throws IOException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests.
    // This client only needs to be created once, and can be reused for multiple requests.
    String email = String.format("%s@%s.iam.gserviceaccount.com", accountName, projectId);
    try (IAMClient iamClient = IAMClient.create()) {
      ListServiceAccountKeysRequest req = ListServiceAccountKeysRequest.newBuilder()
              .setName(String.format("projects/%s/serviceAccounts/%s", projectId, email))
              .build();

      return iamClient.listServiceAccountKeys(req).getKeysList();
    }
  }
}

from typing import List

from google.cloud import iam_admin_v1
from google.cloud.iam_admin_v1 import types


def list_keys(project_id: str, account: str) -> List[iam_admin_v1.ServiceAccountKey]:
    """
    Creates a key for a service account.

    project_id: ID or number of the Google Cloud project you want to use.
    account: ID or email which is unique identifier of the service account.
    """

    iam_admin_client = iam_admin_v1.IAMClient()
    request = types.ListServiceAccountKeysRequest()
    request.name = f"projects/{project_id}/serviceAccounts/{account}"

    response = iam_admin_client.list_service_account_keys(request=request)
    return response.keys

GET https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys?keyTypes=KEY_TYPES

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys?keyTypes=KEY_TYPES"

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method GET `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys?keyTypes=KEY_TYPES" | Select-Object -Expand Content

{
  "keys": [
    {
      "name": "projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/90c48f61c65cd56224a12ab18e6ee9ca9c3aee7c",
      "validAfterTime": "2020-03-04T17:39:47Z",
      "validBeforeTime": "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "keyAlgorithm": "KEY_ALG_RSA_2048",
      "keyOrigin": "GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
      "keyType": "USER_MANAGED"
    },
    {
      "name": "projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/e5e3800831ac1adc8a5849da7d827b4724b1fce8",
      "validAfterTime": "2020-03-31T23:50:09Z",
      "validBeforeTime": "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "keyAlgorithm": "KEY_ALG_RSA_2048",
      "keyOrigin": "GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
      "keyType": "USER_MANAGED"
    },
    {
      "name": "projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/b97699f042b8eee6a846f4f96259fbcd13e2682e",
      "validAfterTime": "2020-05-17T18:58:13Z",
      "validBeforeTime": "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z",
      "keyAlgorithm": "KEY_ALG_RSA_2048",
      "keyOrigin": "GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
      "keyType": "USER_MANAGED",
      "disabled": true
      "disable_reason": "SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_DISABLE_REASON_EXPOSED"
      "extended_status": "SERVICE_ACCOUNT_KEY_EXTENDED_STATUS_KEY_EXPOSED"
      "extended_status_message": "exposed at: https://www.github.com/SomePublicRepo"
    }
  ]
}

获取服务账号密钥

您可以使用 gcloud CLI 或 REST API 获取一个服务账号密钥的公钥数据。此外还可以使用 Google Cloud 控制台、gcloud CLI 或 REST API 来获取密钥的元数据，例如密钥使用的算法，以及密钥是由您管理还是由 Google 管理。

gcloud beta iam service-accounts keys get-public-key KEY_ID \
    --iam-account=SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
    --output-file=FILENAME

gcloud beta iam service-accounts keys get-public-key \
    c97cc34494c07c9b483701f28368f20145b9ef97 \
    --iam-account=my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
    --output-file=public_key.pem

gcloud iam service-accounts keys list --iam-account=SA_NAME \
    --filter="name~KEY_ID" --format=json

gcloud iam service-accounts keys list \
    --iam-account=my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com \
    --filter="name~c97cc34494c07c9b483701f28368f20145b9ef97" --format=json

GET https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/KEY_ID?publicKeyType=KEY_TYPE

curl -X GET \
     -H "Authorization: Bearer $(gcloud auth print-access-token)" \
     "https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/KEY_ID?publicKeyType=KEY_TYPE"

$cred = gcloud auth print-access-token
$headers = @{ "Authorization" = "Bearer $cred" }

Invoke-WebRequest `
    -Method GET `
    -Headers $headers `
    -Uri "https://iam.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/serviceAccounts/SA_NAME@PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/KEY_ID?publicKeyType=KEY_TYPE" | Select-Object -Expand Content

{
  "name": "projects/my-project/serviceAccounts/my-service-account@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com/keys/f4a83933ac07cf52bb74e0e66d99662a09f51a36",
  "validAfterTime": "2021-12-10T17:32:06Z",
  "validBeforeTime": "9999-12-31T23:59:59Z",
  "publicKeyData": "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",
  "keyAlgorithm": "KEY_ALG_RSA_2048",
  "keyOrigin": "GOOGLE_PROVIDED",
  "keyType": "USER_MANAGED"
}

后续步骤

• 了解如何创建和删除服务账号密钥。
• 了解如何停用和启用服务账号密钥。
• 了解使用服务账号密钥进行身份验证的替代方案。
• 了解如何使用服务账号密钥进行服务账号身份验证。
• 了解管理服务账号密钥的最佳实践。