Query and filter data
Firestore provides powerful query functionality for specifying which
documents you want to retrieve from a collection or collection group. These
queries can also be used with either get()
or addSnapshotListener()
, as
described in Get Data and Get Realtime Updates.
Example data
To get started, write some data about cities so we can look at different ways to read it back:
Web version 9
import { collection, doc, setDoc } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, "cities"); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "SF"), { name: "San Francisco", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 860000, regions: ["west_coast", "norcal"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "LA"), { name: "Los Angeles", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 3900000, regions: ["west_coast", "socal"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "DC"), { name: "Washington, D.C.", state: null, country: "USA", capital: true, population: 680000, regions: ["east_coast"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "TOK"), { name: "Tokyo", state: null, country: "Japan", capital: true, population: 9000000, regions: ["kanto", "honshu"] }); await setDoc(doc(citiesRef, "BJ"), { name: "Beijing", state: null, country: "China", capital: true, population: 21500000, regions: ["jingjinji", "hebei"] });
Web version 8
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.doc("SF").set({ name: "San Francisco", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 860000, regions: ["west_coast", "norcal"] }); citiesRef.doc("LA").set({ name: "Los Angeles", state: "CA", country: "USA", capital: false, population: 3900000, regions: ["west_coast", "socal"] }); citiesRef.doc("DC").set({ name: "Washington, D.C.", state: null, country: "USA", capital: true, population: 680000, regions: ["east_coast"] }); citiesRef.doc("TOK").set({ name: "Tokyo", state: null, country: "Japan", capital: true, population: 9000000, regions: ["kanto", "honshu"] }); citiesRef.doc("BJ").set({ name: "Beijing", state: null, country: "China", capital: true, population: 21500000, regions: ["jingjinji", "hebei"] });
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.document("SF").setData([ "name": "San Francisco", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 860000, "regions": ["west_coast", "norcal"] ]) citiesRef.document("LA").setData([ "name": "Los Angeles", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 3900000, "regions": ["west_coast", "socal"] ]) citiesRef.document("DC").setData([ "name": "Washington D.C.", "country": "USA", "capital": true, "population": 680000, "regions": ["east_coast"] ]) citiesRef.document("TOK").setData([ "name": "Tokyo", "country": "Japan", "capital": true, "population": 9000000, "regions": ["kanto", "honshu"] ]) citiesRef.document("BJ").setData([ "name": "Beijing", "country": "China", "capital": true, "population": 21500000, "regions": ["jingjinji", "hebei"] ])
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"SF"] setData:@{ @"name": @"San Francisco", @"state": @"CA", @"country": @"USA", @"capital": @(NO), @"population": @860000, @"regions": @[@"west_coast", @"norcal"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"LA"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Los Angeles", @"state": @"CA", @"country": @"USA", @"capital": @(NO), @"population": @3900000, @"regions": @[@"west_coast", @"socal"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"DC"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Washington D.C.", @"country": @"USA", @"capital": @(YES), @"population": @680000, @"regions": @[@"east_coast"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"TOK"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Tokyo", @"country": @"Japan", @"capital": @(YES), @"population": @9000000, @"regions": @[@"kanto", @"honshu"] }]; [[citiesRef documentWithPath:@"BJ"] setData:@{ @"name": @"Beijing", @"country": @"China", @"capital": @(YES), @"population": @21500000, @"regions": @[@"jingjinji", @"hebei"] }];
Kotlin
Android
val cities = db.collection("cities") val data1 = hashMapOf( "name" to "San Francisco", "state" to "CA", "country" to "USA", "capital" to false, "population" to 860000, "regions" to listOf("west_coast", "norcal"), ) cities.document("SF").set(data1) val data2 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Los Angeles", "state" to "CA", "country" to "USA", "capital" to false, "population" to 3900000, "regions" to listOf("west_coast", "socal"), ) cities.document("LA").set(data2) val data3 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Washington D.C.", "state" to null, "country" to "USA", "capital" to true, "population" to 680000, "regions" to listOf("east_coast"), ) cities.document("DC").set(data3) val data4 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Tokyo", "state" to null, "country" to "Japan", "capital" to true, "population" to 9000000, "regions" to listOf("kanto", "honshu"), ) cities.document("TOK").set(data4) val data5 = hashMapOf( "name" to "Beijing", "state" to null, "country" to "China", "capital" to true, "population" to 21500000, "regions" to listOf("jingjinji", "hebei"), ) cities.document("BJ").set(data5)
Java
Android
CollectionReference cities = db.collection("cities"); Map<String, Object> data1 = new HashMap<>(); data1.put("name", "San Francisco"); data1.put("state", "CA"); data1.put("country", "USA"); data1.put("capital", false); data1.put("population", 860000); data1.put("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "norcal")); cities.document("SF").set(data1); Map<String, Object> data2 = new HashMap<>(); data2.put("name", "Los Angeles"); data2.put("state", "CA"); data2.put("country", "USA"); data2.put("capital", false); data2.put("population", 3900000); data2.put("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "socal")); cities.document("LA").set(data2); Map<String, Object> data3 = new HashMap<>(); data3.put("name", "Washington D.C."); data3.put("state", null); data3.put("country", "USA"); data3.put("capital", true); data3.put("population", 680000); data3.put("regions", Arrays.asList("east_coast")); cities.document("DC").set(data3); Map<String, Object> data4 = new HashMap<>(); data4.put("name", "Tokyo"); data4.put("state", null); data4.put("country", "Japan"); data4.put("capital", true); data4.put("population", 9000000); data4.put("regions", Arrays.asList("kanto", "honshu")); cities.document("TOK").set(data4); Map<String, Object> data5 = new HashMap<>(); data5.put("name", "Beijing"); data5.put("state", null); data5.put("country", "China"); data5.put("capital", true); data5.put("population", 21500000); data5.put("regions", Arrays.asList("jingjinji", "hebei")); cities.document("BJ").set(data5);
Dart
final cities = db.collection("cities"); final data1 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "San Francisco", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 860000, "regions": ["west_coast", "norcal"] }; cities.doc("SF").set(data1); final data2 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Los Angeles", "state": "CA", "country": "USA", "capital": false, "population": 3900000, "regions": ["west_coast", "socal"], }; cities.doc("LA").set(data2); final data3 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Washington D.C.", "state": null, "country": "USA", "capital": true, "population": 680000, "regions": ["east_coast"] }; cities.doc("DC").set(data3); final data4 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Tokyo", "state": null, "country": "Japan", "capital": true, "population": 9000000, "regions": ["kanto", "honshu"] }; cities.doc("TOK").set(data4); final data5 = <String, dynamic>{ "name": "Beijing", "state": null, "country": "China", "capital": true, "population": 21500000, "regions": ["jingjinji", "hebei"], }; cities.doc("BJ").set(data5);
Java
Python
class City: def __init__(self, name, state, country, capital=False, population=0, regions=[]): self.name = name self.state = state self.country = country self.capital = capital self.population = population self.regions = regions @staticmethod def from_dict(source): # ... def to_dict(self): # ... def __repr__(self): return f"City(\ name={self.name}, \ country={self.country}, \ population={self.population}, \ capital={self.capital}, \ regions={self.regions}\ )"
cities_ref = db.collection("cities") cities_ref.document("BJ").set( City("Beijing", None, "China", True, 21500000, ["hebei"]).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("SF").set( City( "San Francisco", "CA", "USA", False, 860000, ["west_coast", "norcal"] ).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("LA").set( City( "Los Angeles", "CA", "USA", False, 3900000, ["west_coast", "socal"] ).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("DC").set( City("Washington D.C.", None, "USA", True, 680000, ["east_coast"]).to_dict() ) cities_ref.document("TOK").set( City("Tokyo", None, "Japan", True, 9000000, ["kanto", "honshu"]).to_dict() )
Python
(Async)
class City: def __init__(self, name, state, country, capital=False, population=0, regions=[]): self.name = name self.state = state self.country = country self.capital = capital self.population = population self.regions = regions @staticmethod def from_dict(source): # ... def to_dict(self): # ... def __repr__(self): return f"City(\ name={self.name}, \ country={self.country}, \ population={self.population}, \ capital={self.capital}, \ regions={self.regions}\ )"
cities_ref = db.collection("cities") await cities_ref.document("BJ").set( City("Beijing", None, "China", True, 21500000, ["hebei"]).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("SF").set( City( "San Francisco", "CA", "USA", False, 860000, ["west_coast", "norcal"] ).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("LA").set( City( "Los Angeles", "CA", "USA", False, 3900000, ["west_coast", "socal"] ).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("DC").set( City("Washington D.C.", None, "USA", True, 680000, ["east_coast"]).to_dict() ) await cities_ref.document("TOK").set( City("Tokyo", None, "Japan", True, 9000000, ["kanto", "honshu"]).to_dict() )
C++
CollectionReference cities = db->Collection("cities"); cities.Document("SF").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("San Francisco")}, {"state", FieldValue::String("CA")}, {"country", FieldValue::String("USA")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(false)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(860000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("norcal")})}, }); cities.Document("LA").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Los Angeles")}, {"state", FieldValue::String("CA")}, {"country", FieldValue::String("USA")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(false)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(3900000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("socal")})}, }); cities.Document("DC").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Washington D.C.")}, {"state", FieldValue::Null()}, {"country", FieldValue::String("USA")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(680000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("east_coast")})}, }); cities.Document("TOK").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Tokyo")}, {"state", FieldValue::Null()}, {"country", FieldValue::String("Japan")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(9000000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("kanto"), FieldValue::String("honshu")})}, }); cities.Document("BJ").Set({ {"name", FieldValue::String("Beijing")}, {"state", FieldValue::Null()}, {"country", FieldValue::String("China")}, {"capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)}, {"population", FieldValue::Integer(21500000)}, {"regions", FieldValue::Array({FieldValue::String("jingjinji"), FieldValue::String("hebei")})}, });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); citiesRef.Document("SF").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "San Francisco" }, { "State", "CA" }, { "Country", "USA" }, { "Capital", false }, { "Population", 860000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"west_coast", "norcal"} } }); citiesRef.Document("LA").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Los Angeles" }, { "State", "CA" }, { "Country", "USA" }, { "Capital", false }, { "Population", 3900000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"west_coast", "socal"} } }); citiesRef.Document("DC").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Washington D.C." }, { "State", null }, { "Country", "USA" }, { "Capital", true }, { "Population", 680000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"east_coast"} } }); citiesRef.Document("TOK").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Tokyo" }, { "State", null }, { "Country", "Japan" }, { "Capital", true }, { "Population", 9000000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"kanto", "honshu"} } }); citiesRef.Document("BJ").SetAsync(new Dictionary<string, object>(){ { "Name", "Beijing" }, { "State", null }, { "Country", "China" }, { "Capital", true }, { "Population", 21500000 }, { "Regions", new ArrayList{"jingjinji", "hebei"} } });
C#
Ruby
Simple queries
The following query returns all cities with state CA
:
Web version 9
// Create a reference to the cities collection import { collection, query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, "cities"); // Create a query against the collection. const q = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CA"));
Web version 8
// Create a reference to the cities collection var citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. var query = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA");
Swift
// Create a reference to the cities collection let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") // Create a query against the collection. let query = citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA")
Objective-C
// Create a reference to the cities collection FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; // Create a query against the collection. FIRQuery *query = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"];
Kotlin
Android
// Create a reference to the cities collection val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") // Create a query against the collection. val query = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA")
Java
Android
// Create a reference to the cities collection CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. Query query = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA");
Dart
// Create a reference to the cities collection final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. final query = citiesRef.where("state", isEqualTo: "CA");
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); // Create a query against the collection. Query query_ca = cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA"));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); Query query = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("State", "CA"); query.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread((querySnapshotTask) => { foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document {0} returned by query State=CA", documentSnapshot.Id)); } });
C#
Ruby
The following query returns all the capital cities:
Web version 9
import { collection, query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, "cities"); const q = query(citiesRef, where("capital", "==", true));
Web version 8
var citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); var query = citiesRef.where("capital", "==", true);
Swift
let capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true)
Objective-C
FIRQuery *capitalCities = [[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES];
Kotlin
Android
val capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("capital", true)
Java
Android
Query capitalCities = db.collection("cities").whereEqualTo("capital", true);
Dart
final capitalcities = db.collection("cities").where("capital", isEqualTo: true);
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
Query capital_cities = db->Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo( "capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); Query query = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("Capital", true); query.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread((querySnapshotTask) => { foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document {0} returned by query Capital=true", documentSnapshot.Id)); } });
C#
Ruby
Execute a query
After creating a query object, use the get()
function to retrieve the results:
Web version 9
import { collection, query, where, getDocs } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), where("capital", "==", true)); const querySnapshot = await getDocs(q); querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { // doc.data() is never undefined for query doc snapshots console.log(doc.id, " => ", doc.data()); });
Web version 8
db.collection("cities").where("capital", "==", true) .get() .then((querySnapshot) => { querySnapshot.forEach((doc) => { // doc.data() is never undefined for query doc snapshots console.log(doc.id, " => ", doc.data()); }); }) .catch((error) => { console.log("Error getting documents: ", error); });
Swift
do { let querySnapshot = try await db.collection("cities").whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true) .getDocuments() for document in querySnapshot.documents { print("\(document.documentID) => \(document.data())") } } catch { print("Error getting documents: \(error)") }
Objective-C
[[[self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"] queryWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@(YES)] getDocumentsWithCompletion:^(FIRQuerySnapshot *snapshot, NSError *error) { if (error != nil) { NSLog(@"Error getting documents: %@", error); } else { for (FIRDocumentSnapshot *document in snapshot.documents) { NSLog(@"%@ => %@", document.documentID, document.data); } } }];
Kotlin
Android
db.collection("cities") .whereEqualTo("capital", true) .get() .addOnSuccessListener { documents -> for (document in documents) { Log.d(TAG, "${document.id} => ${document.data}") } } .addOnFailureListener { exception -> Log.w(TAG, "Error getting documents: ", exception) }
Java
Android
db.collection("cities") .whereEqualTo("capital", true) .get() .addOnCompleteListener(new OnCompleteListener<QuerySnapshot>() { @Override public void onComplete(@NonNull Task<QuerySnapshot> task) { if (task.isSuccessful()) { for (QueryDocumentSnapshot document : task.getResult()) { Log.d(TAG, document.getId() + " => " + document.getData()); } } else { Log.d(TAG, "Error getting documents: ", task.getException()); } } });
Dart
db.collection("cities").where("capital", isEqualTo: true).get().then( (querySnapshot) { print("Successfully completed"); for (var docSnapshot in querySnapshot.docs) { print('${docSnapshot.id} => ${docSnapshot.data()}'); } }, onError: (e) => print("Error completing: $e"), );
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
db->Collection("cities") .WhereEqualTo("capital", FieldValue::Boolean(true)) .Get() .OnCompletion([](const Future<QuerySnapshot>& future) { if (future.error() == Error::kErrorOk) { for (const DocumentSnapshot& document : future.result()->documents()) { std::cout << document << std::endl; } } else { std::cout << "Error getting documents: " << future.error_message() << std::endl; } });
Node.js
Go
PHP
PHP
To authenticate to Firestore, set up Application Default Credentials. For more information, see Set up authentication for a local development environment.
Unity
Query capitalQuery = db.Collection("cities").WhereEqualTo("Capital", true); capitalQuery.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread(task => { QuerySnapshot capitalQuerySnapshot = task.Result; foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in capitalQuerySnapshot.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document data for {0} document:", documentSnapshot.Id)); Dictionary<string, object> city = documentSnapshot.ToDictionary(); foreach (KeyValuePair<string, object> pair in city) { Debug.Log(String.Format("{0}: {1}", pair.Key, pair.Value)); } // Newline to separate entries Debug.Log(""); }; });
C#
Ruby
See Get Data for more information on retrieving query results. You can also add a listener to a query to get the current results and listen for future updates.
Query operators
The where()
method takes three parameters: a field to filter on, a comparison
operator, and a value. Firestore supports the following comparison
operators:
<
less than<=
less than or equal to==
equal to>
greater than>=
greater than or equal to!=
not equal toarray-contains
array-contains-any
in
not-in
For example:
Web version 9
const stateQuery = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CA")); const populationQuery = query(citiesRef, where("population", "<", 100000)); const nameQuery = query(citiesRef, where("name", ">=", "San Francisco"));
Web version 8
const stateQuery = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA"); const populationQuery = citiesRef.where("population", "<", 100000); const nameQuery = citiesRef.where("name", ">=", "San Francisco");
Swift
let stateQuery = citiesRef.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA") let populationQuery = citiesRef.whereField("population", isLessThan: 100000) let nameQuery = citiesRef.whereField("name", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: "San Francisco")
Objective-C
FIRQuery *stateQuery = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"]; FIRQuery *populationQuery = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@100000]; FIRQuery *nameQuery = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"San Francisco"];
Kotlin
Android
val stateQuery = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA") val populationQuery = citiesRef.whereLessThan("population", 100000) val nameQuery = citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco")
Java
Android
Query stateQuery = citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA"); Query populationQuery = citiesRef.whereLessThan("population", 100000); Query nameQuery = citiesRef.whereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", "San Francisco");
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final stateQuery = citiesRef.where("state", isEqualTo: "CA"); final populationQuery = citiesRef.where("population", isLessThan: 100000); final nameQuery = citiesRef.where("name", isEqualTo: "San Francisco");
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA")); cities_ref.WhereLessThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(100000)); cities_ref.WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("name", FieldValue::String("San Francisco"));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query stateQuery = citiesRef.WhereEqualTo("State", "CA"); Query populationQuery = citiesRef.WhereGreaterThan("Population", 1000000); Query nameQuery = citiesRef.WhereGreaterThanOrEqualTo("Name", "San Francisco");
C#
Ruby
Not equal (!=
)
Use the not equal (!=
) operator to return documents where the given field
exists and does not match the comparison value. For example:
Web version 9
const notCapitalQuery = query(citiesRef, where("capital", "!=", false));
Web version 8
citiesRef.where("capital", "!=", false);
Swift
let notEqualQuery = citiesRef.whereField("capital", isNotEqualTo: false)
Objective-C
query = [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"capital" isNotEqualTo:@NO];
Kotlin
Android
val notCapitalQuery = citiesRef.whereNotEqualTo("capital", false)
Java
Android
Query notCapitalQuery = citiesRef.whereNotEqualTo("capital", false);
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final notCapitals = citiesRef.where("capital", isNotEqualTo: true);
Java
Python
// Snippet not yet available
C++
cities_ref.WhereNotEqualTo("capital", FieldValue::Boolean(false));
Node.js
Go
// Snippet not yet available
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotEqualTo("capital", false); Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotEqualTo("capital", false);
C#
// Snippet not yet available
Ruby
This query returns every city
document where the capital
field exists with a
value other than false
or null
. This includes city
documents where the
capital
field value equals true
or any non-boolean value besides null
.
This query does not return city
documents where the capital
field does not
exist. Not-equal (!=
) and not-in
queries exclude documents where the
given field does not exist.
A field exists when it's set to any value, including an empty string (""
),
null
, and NaN
(not a number). Note that null
field values do not
match !=
clauses, because x != null
evaluates to undefined
.
Limitations
Note the following limitations for !=
queries:
- Only documents where the given field exists can match the query.
- You can't combine
not-in
and!=
in a compound query.
Array membership
You can use the array-contains
operator to filter based on array
values. For example:
Web version 9
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where("regions", "array-contains", "west_coast"));
Web version 8
citiesRef.where("regions", "array-contains", "west_coast");
Swift
citiesRef .whereField("regions", arrayContains: "west_coast")
Objective-C
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" arrayContains:@"west_coast"];
Kotlin
Android
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereArrayContains("regions", "west_coast")
Java
Android
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.whereArrayContains("regions", "west_coast");
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final westCoastcities = citiesRef.where("regions", arrayContains: "west_coast");
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); cities_ref.WhereArrayContains("region", FieldValue::String("west_coast"));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); Query arrayContainsQuery = citiesRef.WhereArrayContains("region", "west_coast");
C#
Ruby
This query returns every city
document where the regions
field is an array that
contains west_coast
. If the array has multiple instances of the value you
query on, the document is included in the results only once.
You can use at most one array-contains
clause per disjunction (or
group).
You can't combine array-contains
with array-contains-any
in the same
disjunction.
in
, not-in
, and array-contains-any
Use the in
operator to combine up to 30
equality (==
) clauses on the same field with a logical OR
. An in
query
returns documents where the given field matches any of the comparison values.
For example:
Web version 9
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('country', 'in', ['USA', 'Japan']));
Web version 8
citiesRef.where('country', 'in', ['USA', 'Japan']);
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereField("country", in: ["USA", "Japan"])
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"country" in:@[@"USA", @"Japan"]];
Kotlin
Android
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereIn("country", listOf("USA", "Japan"))
Java
Android
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.whereIn("country", Arrays.asList("USA", "Japan"));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef.where("country", whereIn: ["USA", "Japan"]);
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); cities_ref.WhereIn("country", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("USA"), FieldValue::String("Japan") });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.Collection("cities"); ListcountriesList = new List<object>() {"USA", "Japan"}; Query whereInQuery = citiesRef.WhereIn("country", countriesList);
C#
Ruby
This query returns every city
document where the country
field is set
to USA
or Japan
. From the example data, this includes
the SF
, LA
, DC
, and TOK
documents.
not-in
Use the not-in
operator to combine up to 10 not equal (!=
) clauses on the
same field with a logical AND
. A not-in
query returns documents where the
given field exists, is not null
, and does not match any of the
comparison values. For example:
Web version 9
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('country', 'not-in', ['USA', 'Japan']));
Web version 8
citiesRef.where('country', 'not-in', ['USA', 'Japan']);
Swift
citiesRef.whereField("country", notIn: ["USA", "Japan"])
Objective-C
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"country" notIn:@[@"USA", @"Japan"]];
Kotlin
Android
citiesRef.whereNotIn("country", listOf("USA", "Japan"))
Java
Android
citiesRef.whereNotIn("country", Arrays.asList("USA", "Japan"));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef.where("country", whereNotIn: ["USA", "Japan"]);
Java
Python
// Snippet not yet available
C++
cities_ref.WhereNotIn("country", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("USA"), FieldValue::String("Japan") });
Node.js
Go
// Snippet not yet available
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotIn(new FieldPath("country"), new List<string>{"USA", "Japan"}); Query query = citiesRef.WhereNotIn("country", new List<object>(){"USA", "Japan"});
C#
// Snippet not yet available
Ruby
This query returns every city
document where the country
field exists and is
not set to USA
, Japan
, or null
. From the example data, this includes the
London
and Hong Kong
documents.
not-in
queries exclude documents where the
given field does not exist. A field exists when it's set to any value,
including an empty string (""
), null
, and NaN
(not a number). Note
that x != null
evaluates to undefined
. A not-in
query with
null
as one of the comparison values does not match any documents.
array-contains-any
Use the array-contains-any
operator to combine up to 30
array-contains
clauses on the same field with a logical OR
. An
array-contains-any
query returns documents where the given field is an array
that contains one or more of the comparison values:
Web version 9
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('regions', 'array-contains-any', ['west_coast', 'east_coast']));
Web version 8
citiesRef.where('regions', 'array-contains-any', ['west_coast', 'east_coast']);
Swift
let citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereField("regions", arrayContainsAny: ["west_coast", "east_coast"])
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *citiesRef = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; [citiesRef queryWhereField:@"regions" arrayContainsAny:@[@"west_coast", @"east_coast"]];
Kotlin
Android
val citiesRef = db.collection("cities") citiesRef.whereArrayContainsAny("regions", listOf("west_coast", "east_coast"))
Java
Android
CollectionReference citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef.whereArrayContainsAny("regions", Arrays.asList("west_coast", "east_coast"));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef .where("regions", arrayContainsAny: ["west_coast", "east_coast"]);
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
CollectionReference cities_ref = db->Collection("cities"); cities_ref.WhereArrayContainsAny("region", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("east_coast") });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereArrayContainsAny( "regions", new List<object>() { new List<object>(){"west_coast"}, new List<object>(){"east_coast"}});
C#
Ruby
This query returns every city document where the regions
field is an array
that contains west_coast
or east_coast
. From the example data, this includes
the SF
, LA
, and DC
documents.
Results from array-contains-any
are de-duped. Even if a document's array field
matches more than one of the comparison values, the result set includes that
document only once.
array-contains-any
always filters by the array data type. For example, the
query above would not return a city document where instead of an array, the
regions
field is the string west_coast
.
You can use an array value as a comparison value for in
, but unlike
array-contains-any
, the clause matches for an exact match of array length,
order, and values. For example:
Web version 9
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q = query(citiesRef, where('regions', 'in', [['west_coast'], ['east_coast']]));
Web version 8
citiesRef.where('regions', 'in', [['west_coast'], ['east_coast']]);
Swift
citiesRef.whereField("regions", in: [["west_coast"], ["east_coast"]])
Objective-C
[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"regions" in:@[@[@"west_coast"], @[@"east_coast"]]];
Kotlin
Android
citiesRef.whereIn("regions", listOf(arrayOf("west_coast"), arrayOf("east_coast")))
Java
Android
citiesRef.whereIn("regions", Arrays.asList(new String[]{"west_coast"}, new String[]{"east_coast"}));
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); final cities = citiesRef.where("regions", whereIn: [ ["west_coast"], ["east_coast"] ]);
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
cities_ref.WhereIn("region", std::vector<FieldValue> { FieldValue::String("west_coast"), FieldValue::String("east_coast") });
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.WhereIn(new FieldPath("regions"), new List<string>{"west_coast", "east_coast"});
C#
Ruby
This query returns every city document where the regions
field is an array
that contains exactly one element of either west_coast
or east_coast
.
From the example data, only the DC
document qualifies with its regions
field
of ["east_coast"]
. The SF
document, however, does
not match because its regions
field is ["west_coast", "norcal"]
.
Limitations
Note the following limitations for in
, not-in
, and array-contains-any
:
- Firestore provides support for logical
OR
queries through theor
,in
, andarray-contains-any
operators. These queries are limited to 30 disjunctions based on the query's disjunctive normal form. - You can use at most one
array-contains
clause per disjunction (or
group). You can't combinearray-contains
witharray-contains-any
in the same disjunction. - You can't combine
not-in
with not equals!=
. not-in
supports up to 10 comparison values.
Compound (AND
) queries
You can combine constraints with a logical AND
by chaining multiple equality
operators (==
or array-contains
). However, you must create a
composite index to combine equality operators with the inequality
operators, <
, <=
, >
, and !=
.
Web version 9
import { query, where } from "firebase/firestore"; const q1 = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CO"), where("name", "==", "Denver")); const q2 = query(citiesRef, where("state", "==", "CA"), where("population", "<", 1000000));
Web version 8
const q1 = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CO").where("name", "==", "Denver"); const q2 = citiesRef.where("state", "==", "CA").where("population", "<", 1000000);
Swift
citiesRef .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CO") .whereField("name", isEqualTo: "Denver") citiesRef .whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA") .whereField("population", isLessThan: 1000000)
Objective-C
[[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CO"] queryWhereField:@"name" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@"Denver"]; [[citiesRef queryWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"] queryWhereField:@"population" isLessThan:@1000000];
Kotlin
Android
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CO").whereEqualTo("name", "Denver") citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA").whereLessThan("population", 1000000)
Java
Android
citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CO").whereEqualTo("name", "Denver"); citiesRef.whereEqualTo("state", "CA").whereLessThan("population", 1000000);
Dart
final citiesRef = db.collection("cities"); citiesRef .where("state", isEqualTo: "CO") .where("name", isEqualTo: "Denver"); citiesRef .where("state", isEqualTo: "CA") .where("population", isLessThan: 1000000);
Java
Python
Python
(Async)
C++
cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CO")) .WhereEqualTo("name", FieldValue::String("Denver")); cities_ref.WhereEqualTo("state", FieldValue::String("CA")) .WhereLessThan("population", FieldValue::Integer(1000000));
Node.js
Go
PHP
Unity
Query chainedQuery = citiesRef .WhereEqualTo("State", "CA") .WhereEqualTo("Name", "San Francisco");
C#
Ruby
OR
queries
You can combine constraints with a logical OR
. For example:
Web version 9
const q = query(citiesRef, or(where('capital', '==', true), where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) );
Web version 8
Not available.
Swift
let query = db.collection("cities").whereFilter(Filter.orFilter([ Filter.whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter.whereField("population", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: 1000000); ]))
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *collection = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; FIRQuery *query = [collection queryWhereFilter:[FIRFilter orFilterWithFilters:@[ [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES], [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@1000000] ]]];
Kotlin
Android
val query = collection.where(Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ))
Java
Android
Query query = collection.where(Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ));
Dart
var query = db.collection("cities").where( Filter.or( Filter("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000), ), );
Java
Snippet not available.
Python
Python
(Async)
Snippet not available.
C++
Snippet not available.
Node.js
const bigCities = await citiesRef .where( Filter.or( Filter.where('capital', '==', true), Filter.where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) ) .get();
Go
PHP
Snippet not available.
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.Where(Filter.Or( Filter.EqualTo("State", "CA"), Filter.GreaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) )); query.GetSnapshotAsync().ContinueWithOnMainThread((querySnapshotTask) => { foreach (DocumentSnapshot documentSnapshot in querySnapshotTask.Result.Documents) { Debug.Log(String.Format("Document {0} returned by query State=CA or population >= {1}", documentSnapshot.Id, 1000000)); } });
C#
Snippet not available.
Ruby
Snippet not available.
Firestore uses your composite indexes to serve OR
queries. If
your indexes do not support the query, Firestore
suggests additional indexes for your database.
You can combine OR
queries with compound queries to filter on combinations
of OR
and AND
operations. For example:
Web version 9
const q = query(collection(db, "cities"), and( where('state', '==', 'CA'), or( where('capital', '==', true), where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) ));
Web version 8
Not available.
Swift
let query = db.collection("cities").whereFilter(Filter.andFilter([ Filter.whereField("state", isEqualTo: "CA"), Filter.orFilter([ Filter.whereField("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter.whereField("population", isGreaterThanOrEqualTo: 1000000) ]) ]))
Objective-C
FIRCollectionReference *collection = [self.db collectionWithPath:@"cities"]; FIRQuery *query = [collection queryWhereFilter:[FIRFilter andFilterWithFilters:@[ [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"state" isEqualTo:@"CA"], [FIRFilter orFilterWithFilters:@[ [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"capital" isEqualTo:@YES], [FIRFilter filterWhereField:@"population" isGreaterThanOrEqualTo:@1000000] ]] ]]];
Kotlin
Android
val query = collection.where(Filter.and( Filter.equalTo("state", "CA"), Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ) ))
Java
Android
Query query = collection.where(Filter.and( Filter.equalTo("state", "CA"), Filter.or( Filter.equalTo("capital", true), Filter.greaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ) ));
Dart
var query = db.collection("cities").where( Filter.and( Filter("state", isEqualTo: "CA"), Filter.or( Filter("capital", isEqualTo: true), Filter("population", isGreaterThan: 1000000), ), ), );
Java
Snippet not available.
Python
Snippet not available.
Python
(Async)
Snippet not available.
C++
Snippet not available.
Node.js
const bigCitiesInCalifornia = await citiesRef .where('state', '==', 'CA') .where( Filter.or( Filter.where('capital', '==', true), Filter.where('population', '>=', 1000000) ) ) .get();
Go
Snippet not available.
PHP
Snippet not available.
Unity
Query query = citiesRef.Where(Filter.And( Filter.EqualTo("state", "CA"), Filter.Or( Filter.EqualTo("capital", true), Filter.GreaterThanOrEqualTo("population", 1000000) ) ));
C#
Snippet not available.
Ruby
Snippet not available.
Limitations
Note the following limitations for or
queries:
- Firestore limits a query to a maximum of 30 disjunctions based on the query's disjunctive normal form.
You are more likely to reach this limit when performing an
AND
of multipleOR
groups. - You can't combine
not-in
within
,array-contains-any
, oror
in the same query.
For a full description of limitations, see Query limitations.
Collection group queries
A collection group consists of all collections with the same ID. By default, queries retrieve results from a single collection in your database. Use a collection group query to retrieve documents from a collection group instead of from a single collection.
For example, you can create a landmarks
collection group by adding a landmarks
subcollection to each city:
Web version 9
import { collection, addDoc } from "firebase/firestore"; const citiesRef = collection(db, 'cities'); await Promise.all([ addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'SF', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Golden Gate Bridge', type: 'bridge' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'SF', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Legion of Honor', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'LA', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Griffith Park', type: 'park' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'LA', 'landmarks'), { name: 'The Getty', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'DC', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Lincoln Memorial', type: 'memorial' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'DC', 'landmarks'), { name: 'National Air and Space Museum', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'TOK', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Ueno Park', type: 'park' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'TOK', 'landmarks'), { name: 'National Museum of Nature and Science', type: 'museum' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'BJ', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Jingshan Park', type: 'park' }), addDoc(collection(citiesRef, 'BJ', 'landmarks'), { name: 'Beijing Ancient Observatory', type: 'museum' }) ]);
Web version 8
var citiesRef = db.collection('cities'); var landmarks = Promise.all([ citiesRef.doc('SF').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Golden Gate Bridge', type: 'bridge' }), citiesRef.doc('SF').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Legion of Honor', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('LA').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Griffith Park', type: 'park' }), citiesRef.doc('LA').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'The Getty', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('DC').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Lincoln Memorial', type: 'memorial' }), citiesRef.doc('DC').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'National Air and Space Museum', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('TOK').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Ueno Park', type: 'park' }), citiesRef.doc('TOK').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'National Museum of Nature and Science', type: 'museum' }), citiesRef.doc('BJ').collection('landmarks').doc().set({ name: 'Jingshan Park', type: