Lifecycle of a risk case

A risk case tracks how your business alerts, investigates, and acts on suspicious or risky activity related to AML. A single risk case may consist of many events and may include multiple parties, but each party must have its own investigation process tracked through a risk case. In particular, each party in a risk case should have distinct entries for events listed in the following section.

Event types

To express these events, AML AI uses the following types in the RiskCaseEvent table.

Initial alerts trigger the following event types:

• AML_ALERT_GOOGLE: triggered using Google AML risk score
• AML_ALERT_LEGACY: triggered by another automatic risk assessment system
• AML_ALERT_ADHOC: manually triggered, for example, by the relationship manager
• AML_ALERT_EXPLORATORY: triggered based on considerations other than pure risk, for example, data exploration to improve the quality of AML models
• AML_ALERT_EXTERNAL: triggered based on an external request

Events for the start and the end of an investigation process trigger the following event types:

• AML_PROCESS_START: investigation process starts
• AML_PROCESS_END: The investigation process is complete and no further outcomes are expected. If there is no AML_SAR or AML_EXIT by this point, then AML AI safely concludes there will be none.

Actions taken based on the investigation trigger the following event types:

• AML_SAR: suspicious activity report (SAR) is filed against the party for suspicious behavior
• AML_EXIT: A customer exit is triggered. This event must have a corresponding AML_PROCESS_START event for the same party and risk case ID.

Optionally, if the investigation identifies a period of suspicious activity, you may add the following event types:

• AML_SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY_START: this event marks the beginning of suspicious activity identified during the investigation
• AML_SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY_END: This event marks the end of suspicious activity identified during the investigation.

Risk case stages and outcomes

Risk case event data helps AML AI understand the lifecycle of risk cases and how to classify risk cases with positive outcomes (leading to an exit), ongoing investigations (not finished yet), or negative outcomes (finished and not leading to an exit).

Figure 1. Positive case example.

Figure 2. Negative case example.

The stages illustrated in the preceding diagrams can be expressed with risk case events as in the following steps:

1. An alert is created for a given party.

   Alerts are triggered in a number of different ways:

   • An ad hoc alert triggered manually somewhere within your business, for example, by a relationship manager (type: AML_ALERT_ADHOC)
   • An automated alert triggered using a Google AML risk score as input (type: AML_ALERT_GOOGLE)
   • An automated alert triggered by a rules-based or AI system other than AML AI (type: AML_ALERT_LEGACY)
   • An alert triggered based on considerations other than pure risk, for example, data exploration to improve quality of AML models (type: AML_ALERT_EXPLORATORY)
   • An external request triggered an investigation process (type: AML_ALERT_EXTERNAL)
   • An existing investigation process identifies risk with an additional party and starts an investigation process into that party (type: AML_ALERT_ADHOC).

   If this alert is related to investigations of other parties and worked as part of the same case, it can reuse the same risk case ID. Otherwise, a new risk case ID should be used.

2. Following an alert, an AML investigation process starts (type: AML_PROCESS_START).

   While your process may consist of multiple investigation stages, this event marks the start of the first stage.

3. During some investigations, risk is acted upon, or other alerts or investigations for other parties are triggered.

   • A SAR is filed relating to AML risk of this customer (type: AML_SAR).
   • The investigation process triggers the process to exit the customer (type: AML_EXIT).
   • The investigation process triggers an investigation (AML_PROCESS_START) or an alert (AML_ALERT_ADHOC) for another party.

4. The investigation process concludes and no further investigation activity for this party is expected as part of this risk case (type: AML_PROCESS_END).

   In particular, if there has not been an AML_SAR or AML_EXIT event prior to the end of the process, then AML AI concludes that there was not sufficient risk identified to justify these outcomes for this party.

Suspicious activity period: Risk case events are also used to specify the period during which suspicious activity, if any, was identified. To identify this period, you may specify a single AML_SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY_START and AML_SUSPICIOUS_ACTIVITY_END pair for a given party and risk case ID. This input helps models identify risk at the correct time, for example, during or shortly after the period when the suspicious activity occurred.