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Define los recursos de trabajo con una plantilla de instancia de VM

En este documento, se explica cómo definir los recursos de VM para un trabajo de Batch especificando una plantilla de instancias de VM de Compute Engine cuando creas el trabajo.

Batch define automáticamente los tipos de recursos de VM en los que se ejecuta un trabajo, a menos que los definas con uno de los siguientes métodos:

Define los recursos de VM de un trabajo directamente con el campo instances[].policy. Este método se demuestra en la mayoría de la documentación de Batch.
Define los recursos de VM de un trabajo a través de una plantilla con el campo instances[].instanceTemplate. Este es el método que se explica en este documento.

Se requiere una plantilla para especificar las opciones de VM para las que Batch no proporciona campos de trabajo. Usar una plantilla también puede ser conveniente cuando deseas especificar los mismos recursos de VM para varios trabajos.

Antes de comenzar

Si nunca usaste Batch, revisa Cómo comenzar a usar Batch y habilita Batch completando los requisitos previos para proyectos y usuarios.
Crea una plantilla de instancias o identifica una plantilla de instancias existente.
Para obtener los permisos que necesitas para crear un trabajo, pídele a tu administrador que te otorgue los siguientes roles de IAM:
- Editor de trabajos por lotes (roles/batch.jobsEditor) en el proyecto
- Usuario de cuenta de servicio (roles/iam.serviceAccountUser) en la cuenta de servicio del trabajo, que, de forma predeterminada, es la cuenta de servicio predeterminada de Compute Engine
- Crea un trabajo a partir de una plantilla de instancias de VM de Compute Engine: Compute Viewer (roles/compute.viewer) en la plantilla de instancias de VM
Para obtener más información sobre cómo otorgar roles, consulta Administra el acceso a proyectos, carpetas y organizaciones.

También puedes obtener los permisos necesarios mediante roles personalizados o cualquier otro rol predefinido.

Crea un trabajo con una plantilla de instancias de VM de Compute Engine

En esta sección, se proporcionan ejemplos para crear un trabajo de secuencia de comandos básico a partir de una plantilla de instancias de VM existente. Puedes crear un trabajo a partir de una plantilla de instancia de VM con gcloud CLI, la API de Batch, Go, Java, Node.js, Python o C++.

gcloud

Para crear un trabajo a partir de una plantilla de instancias de VM con gcloud CLI, usa el comando gcloud batch jobs submit y especifica la plantilla de instancias de VM en el archivo de configuración JSON del trabajo.

Por ejemplo, para crear un trabajo de secuencia de comandos básico a partir de una plantilla de instancias de VM, haz lo siguiente:

Crea un archivo JSON en el directorio actual llamado hello-world-instance-template.json con el siguiente contenido:

{
    "taskGroups": [
        {
            "taskSpec": {
                "runnables": [
                    {
                        "script": {
                            "text": "echo Hello world! This is task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}. This job has a total of ${BATCH_TASK_COUNT} tasks."
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "computeResource": {
                    "cpuMilli": 2000,
                    "memoryMib": 16
                },
                "maxRetryCount": 2,
                "maxRunDuration": "3600s"
            },
            "taskCount": 4,
            "parallelism": 2
        }
    ],
    "allocationPolicy": {
        "instances": [
            {
                "installGpuDrivers": INSTALL_GPU_DRIVERS,
                "instanceTemplate": "INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME"
            }
        ]
    },
    "labels": {
        "department": "finance",
        "env": "testing"
    },
    "logsPolicy": {
        "destination": "CLOUD_LOGGING"
    }
}

Reemplaza lo siguiente:

INSTALL_GPU_DRIVERS: Opcional Cuando se configura en true, Batch recupera los controladores necesarios para el tipo de GPU que especificas en la plantilla de la instancia de VM de Compute Engine y los instala en tu nombre. Para obtener más información, consulta cómo crear un trabajo que use una GPU.
INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME: Es el nombre de una plantilla de instancias de VM de Compute Engine existente. Aprende a crear y enumerar plantillas de instancias.

Ejecuta el siguiente comando:

gcloud batch jobs submit example-template-job \
  --location us-central1 \
  --config hello-world-instance-template.json

API

Para crear un trabajo básico con la API de Batch, usa el método jobs.create y especifica una plantilla de instancia de VM en el campo allocationPolicy.

Por ejemplo, para crear trabajos de secuencia de comandos básicos a partir de una plantilla de instancias de VM, usa la siguiente solicitud:

POST https://batch.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/jobs?job_id=example-script-job

{
    "taskGroups": [
        {
            "taskSpec": {
                "runnables": [
                    {
                        "script": {
                            "text": "echo Hello world! This is task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}. This job has a total of ${BATCH_TASK_COUNT} tasks."
                        }
                    }
                ],
                "computeResource": {
                    "cpuMilli": 2000,
                    "memoryMib": 16
                },
                "maxRetryCount": 2,
                "maxRunDuration": "3600s"
            },
            "taskCount": 4,
            "parallelism": 2
        }
    ],
    "allocationPolicy": {
        "instances": [
            {
                "installGpuDrivers": INSTALL_GPU_DRIVERS,
                "instanceTemplate": "INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME"
            }
        ]
    },
    "labels": {
        "department": "finance",
        "env": "testing"
    },
    "logsPolicy": {
        "destination": "CLOUD_LOGGING"
    }
}

Reemplaza lo siguiente:

PROJECT_ID: Es el ID del proyecto de tu proyecto.
INSTALL_GPU_DRIVERS: Opcional Cuando se configura como true, Batch recupera los controladores necesarios para el tipo de GPU que especificas en la plantilla de instancias de VM de Compute Engine y los instala en tu nombre. Para obtener más información, consulta cómo crear un trabajo que use una GPU.
INSTANCE_TEMPLATE_NAME: Es el nombre de una plantilla de instancias de VM de Compute Engine existente. Aprende a crear y enumerar plantillas de instancias.

Go

Para obtener más información, consulta la documentación de referencia de la API de Batch Go.

Para autenticarte en Batch, configura las credenciales predeterminadas de la aplicación. Si deseas obtener más información, consulta Configura la autenticación para un entorno de desarrollo local.

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"io"

	batch "cloud.google.com/go/batch/apiv1"
	"cloud.google.com/go/batch/apiv1/batchpb"
	durationpb "google.golang.org/protobuf/types/known/durationpb"
)

// Creates and runs a job that executes the specified script
func createScriptJobWithTemplate(w io.Writer, projectID, region, jobName, templateLink string) error {
	// projectID := "your_project_id"
	// region := "us-central1"
	// jobName := "some-job"
	/* A link to an existing Instance Template. Acceptable formats:
	*  "projects/{project_id}/global/instanceTemplates/{template_name}"
	*  "{template_name}" - if the template is defined in the same project as used to create the Job.
	 */
	// template_link := "my-instance-template"

	ctx := context.Background()
	batchClient, err := batch.NewClient(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("NewClient: %w", err)
	}
	defer batchClient.Close()

	// Define what will be done as part of the job.
	command := &batchpb.Runnable_Script_Text{
		Text: "echo Hello world! This is task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}. This job has a total of ${BATCH_TASK_COUNT} tasks.",
	}

	// We can specify what resources are requested by each task.
	resources := &batchpb.ComputeResource{
		// CpuMilli is milliseconds per cpu-second. This means the task requires 2 whole CPUs.
		CpuMilli:  2000,
		MemoryMib: 16,
	}

	taskSpec := &batchpb.TaskSpec{
		Runnables: []*batchpb.Runnable{{
			Executable: &batchpb.Runnable_Script_{
				Script: &batchpb.Runnable_Script{Command: command},
			},
		}},
		ComputeResource: resources,
		MaxRunDuration: &durationpb.Duration{
			Seconds: 3600,
		},
		MaxRetryCount: 2,
	}

	// Tasks are grouped inside a job using TaskGroups.
	taskGroups := []*batchpb.TaskGroup{
		{
			TaskCount: 4,
			TaskSpec:  taskSpec,
		},
	}

	// Policies are used to define on what kind of virtual machines the tasks will run on.
	// In this case, we are going to use an Instance Template that defines the VM.
	allocationPolicy := &batchpb.AllocationPolicy{
		Instances: []*batchpb.AllocationPolicy_InstancePolicyOrTemplate{{
			PolicyTemplate: &batchpb.AllocationPolicy_InstancePolicyOrTemplate_InstanceTemplate{
				InstanceTemplate: templateLink,
			},
		}},
	}

	// We use Cloud Logging as it's an out of the box available option
	logsPolicy := &batchpb.LogsPolicy{
		Destination: batchpb.LogsPolicy_CLOUD_LOGGING,
	}

	jobLabels := map[string]string{"env": "testing", "type": "script"}

	// The job's parent is the region in which the job will run
	parent := fmt.Sprintf("projects/%s/locations/%s", projectID, region)

	job := batchpb.Job{
		TaskGroups:       taskGroups,
		AllocationPolicy: allocationPolicy,
		Labels:           jobLabels,
		LogsPolicy:       logsPolicy,
	}

	req := &batchpb.CreateJobRequest{
		Parent: parent,
		JobId:  jobName,
		Job:    &job,
	}

	created_job, err := batchClient.CreateJob(ctx, req)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("unable to create job: %w", err)
	}

	fmt.Fprintf(w, "Job created: %v\n", created_job)

	return nil
}

Java

Para obtener más información, consulta la documentación de referencia de la API de Batch Java.

import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.AllocationPolicy;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.AllocationPolicy.InstancePolicyOrTemplate;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.BatchServiceClient;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.ComputeResource;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.CreateJobRequest;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.Job;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.LogsPolicy;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.LogsPolicy.Destination;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.Runnable;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.Runnable.Script;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.TaskGroup;
import com.google.cloud.batch.v1.TaskSpec;
import com.google.protobuf.Duration;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeoutException;

public class CreateWithTemplate {

  public static void main(String[] args)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // TODO(developer): Replace these variables before running the sample.
    // Project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
    String projectId = "YOUR_PROJECT_ID";

    // Name of the region you want to use to run the job. Regions that are
    // available for Batch are listed on: https://cloud.google.com/batch/docs/get-started#locations
    String region = "europe-central2";

    // The name of the job that will be created.
    // It needs to be unique for each project and region pair.
    String jobName = "JOB_NAME";

    // A link to an existing Instance Template. Acceptable formats:
    //   * "projects/{projectId}/global/instanceTemplates/{templateName}"
    //   * "{templateName}" - if the template is defined in the same project
    //   as used to create the Job.
    String templateLink = "TEMPLATE_LINK";

    createWithTemplate(projectId, region, jobName, templateLink);
  }

  // This method shows how to create a sample Batch Job that will run
  // a simple command on Cloud Compute instances created using a provided Template.
  public static void createWithTemplate(String projectId, String region, String jobName,
      String templateLink)
      throws IOException, ExecutionException, InterruptedException, TimeoutException {
    // Initialize client that will be used to send requests. This client only needs to be created
    // once, and can be reused for multiple requests. After completing all of your requests, call
    // the `batchServiceClient.close()` method on the client to safely
    // clean up any remaining background resources.
    try (BatchServiceClient batchServiceClient = BatchServiceClient.create()) {

      // Define what will be done as part of the job.
      Runnable runnable =
          Runnable.newBuilder()
              .setScript(
                  Script.newBuilder()
                      .setText(
                          "echo Hello world! This is task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}. "
                              + "This job has a total of ${BATCH_TASK_COUNT} tasks.")
                      // You can also run a script from a file. Just remember, that needs to be a
                      // script that's already on the VM that will be running the job.
                      // Using setText() and setPath() is mutually exclusive.
                      // .setPath("/tmp/test.sh")
                      .build())
              .build();

      // We can specify what resources are requested by each task.
      ComputeResource computeResource =
          ComputeResource.newBuilder()
              // In milliseconds per cpu-second. This means the task requires 2 whole CPUs.
              .setCpuMilli(2000)
              // In MiB.
              .setMemoryMib(16)
              .build();

      TaskSpec task =
          TaskSpec.newBuilder()
              // Jobs can be divided into tasks. In this case, we have only one task.
              .addRunnables(runnable)
              .setComputeResource(computeResource)
              .setMaxRetryCount(2)
              .setMaxRunDuration(Duration.newBuilder().setSeconds(3600).build())
              .build();

      // Tasks are grouped inside a job using TaskGroups.
      // Currently, it's possible to have only one task group.
      TaskGroup taskGroup = TaskGroup.newBuilder().setTaskCount(4).setTaskSpec(task).build();

      // Policies are used to define on what kind of virtual machines the tasks will run on.
      // In this case, we tell the system to use an instance template that defines all the
      // required parameters.
      AllocationPolicy allocationPolicy =
          AllocationPolicy.newBuilder()
              .addInstances(
                  InstancePolicyOrTemplate.newBuilder().setInstanceTemplate(templateLink).build())
              .build();

      Job job =
          Job.newBuilder()
              .addTaskGroups(taskGroup)
              .setAllocationPolicy(allocationPolicy)
              .putLabels("env", "testing")
              .putLabels("type", "script")
              // We use Cloud Logging as it's an out of the box available option.
              .setLogsPolicy(
                  LogsPolicy.newBuilder().setDestination(Destination.CLOUD_LOGGING).build())
              .build();

      CreateJobRequest createJobRequest =
          CreateJobRequest.newBuilder()
              // The job's parent is the region in which the job will run.
              .setParent(String.format("projects/%s/locations/%s", projectId, region))
              .setJob(job)
              .setJobId(jobName)
              .build();

      Job result =
          batchServiceClient
              .createJobCallable()
              .futureCall(createJobRequest)
              .get(5, TimeUnit.MINUTES);

      System.out.printf("Successfully created the job: %s", result.getName());
    }
  }
}

Node.js

Para obtener más información, consulta la documentación de referencia de la API de Batch Node.js.

/**
 * TODO(developer): Uncomment and replace these variables before running the sample.
 */
// const projectId = 'YOUR_PROJECT_ID';
/**
 * The region you want to the job to run in. The regions that support Batch are listed here:
 * https://cloud.google.com/batch/docs/get-started#locations
 */
// const region = 'us-central-1';
/**
 * The name of the job that will be created.
 * It needs to be unique for each project and region pair.
 */
// const jobName = 'YOUR_JOB_NAME';
/**
 * a link to an existing Instance Template. Acceptable formats:
 * "projects/{project_id}/global/instanceTemplates/{template_name}"
 * "{template_name}" - if the template is defined in the same project as used to create the Job.
 */
// const templateLink = 'YOUR_TEMPLATE'

// Imports the Batch library
const batchLib = require('@google-cloud/batch');
const batch = batchLib.protos.google.cloud.batch.v1;

// Instantiates a client
const batchClient = new batchLib.v1.BatchServiceClient();

// Define what will be done as part of the job.
const task = new batch.TaskSpec();
const runnable = new batch.Runnable();
runnable.script = new batch.Runnable.Script();
runnable.script.text =
  'echo Hello world! This is task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}. This job has a total of ${BATCH_TASK_COUNT} tasks.';
// You can also run a script from a file. Just remember, that needs to be a script that's
// already on the VM that will be running the job. Using runnable.script.text and runnable.script.path is mutually
// exclusive.
// runnable.script.path = '/tmp/test.sh'
task.runnables = [runnable];

// We can specify what resources are requested by each task.
const resources = new batch.ComputeResource();
resources.cpuMilli = 2000; // in milliseconds per cpu-second. This means the task requires 2 whole CPUs.
resources.memoryMib = 16;
task.computeResource = resources;

task.maxRetryCount = 2;
task.maxRunDuration = {seconds: 3600};

// Tasks are grouped inside a job using TaskGroups.
const group = new batch.TaskGroup();
group.taskCount = 4;
group.taskSpec = task;

// Policies are used to define on what kind of virtual machines the tasks will run on.
// In this case, we tell the system to use "e2-standard-4" machine type.
// Read more about machine types here: https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/machine-types
const allocationPolicy = new batch.AllocationPolicy();
const instances = new batch.AllocationPolicy.InstancePolicyOrTemplate();
instances.instanceTemplate = templateLink;
allocationPolicy.instances = [instances];

const job = new batch.Job();
job.name = jobName;
job.taskGroups = [group];
job.allocationPolicy = allocationPolicy;
job.labels = {env: 'testing', type: 'script'};
// We use Cloud Logging as it's an option available out of the box
job.logsPolicy = new batch.LogsPolicy();
job.logsPolicy.destination = batch.LogsPolicy.Destination.CLOUD_LOGGING;

// The job's parent is the project and region in which the job will run
const parent = `projects/${projectId}/locations/${region}`;

async function callCreateJob() {
  // Construct request
  const request = {
    parent,
    jobId: jobName,
    job,
  };

  // Run request
  const response = await batchClient.createJob(request);
  console.log(response);
}

await callCreateJob();

Python

Para obtener más información, consulta la documentación de referencia de la API de Batch Python.

from google.cloud import batch_v1


def create_script_job_with_template(
    project_id: str, region: str, job_name: str, template_link: str
) -> batch_v1.Job:
    """
    This method shows how to create a sample Batch Job that will run
    a simple command on Cloud Compute instances created using a provided Template.

    Args:
        project_id: project ID or project number of the Cloud project you want to use.
        region: name of the region you want to use to run the job. Regions that are
            available for Batch are listed on: https://cloud.google.com/batch/docs/get-started#locations
        job_name: the name of the job that will be created.
            It needs to be unique for each project and region pair.
        template_link: a link to an existing Instance Template. Acceptable formats:
            * "projects/{project_id}/global/instanceTemplates/{template_name}"
            * "{template_name}" - if the template is defined in the same project as used to create the Job.

    Returns:
        A job object representing the job created.
    """
    client = batch_v1.BatchServiceClient()

    # Define what will be done as part of the job.
    task = batch_v1.TaskSpec()
    runnable = batch_v1.Runnable()
    runnable.script = batch_v1.Runnable.Script()
    runnable.script.text = "echo Hello world! This is task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}. This job has a total of ${BATCH_TASK_COUNT} tasks."
    # You can also run a script from a file. Just remember, that needs to be a script that's
    # already on the VM that will be running the job. Using runnable.script.text and runnable.script.path is mutually
    # exclusive.
    # runnable.script.path = '/tmp/test.sh'
    task.runnables = [runnable]

    # We can specify what resources are requested by each task.
    resources = batch_v1.ComputeResource()
    resources.cpu_milli = 2000  # in milliseconds per cpu-second. This means the task requires 2 whole CPUs.
    resources.memory_mib = 16
    task.compute_resource = resources

    task.max_retry_count = 2
    task.max_run_duration = "3600s"

    # Tasks are grouped inside a job using TaskGroups.
    # Currently, it's possible to have only one task group.
    group = batch_v1.TaskGroup()
    group.task_count = 4
    group.task_spec = task

    # Policies are used to define on what kind of virtual machines the tasks will run on.
    # In this case, we tell the system to use an instance template that defines all the
    # required parameters.
    allocation_policy = batch_v1.AllocationPolicy()
    instances = batch_v1.AllocationPolicy.InstancePolicyOrTemplate()
    instances.instance_template = template_link
    allocation_policy.instances = [instances]

    job = batch_v1.Job()
    job.task_groups = [group]
    job.allocation_policy = allocation_policy
    job.labels = {"env": "testing", "type": "script"}
    # We use Cloud Logging as it's an out of the box available option
    job.logs_policy = batch_v1.LogsPolicy()
    job.logs_policy.destination = batch_v1.LogsPolicy.Destination.CLOUD_LOGGING

    create_request = batch_v1.CreateJobRequest()
    create_request.job = job
    create_request.job_id = job_name
    # The job's parent is the region in which the job will run
    create_request.parent = f"projects/{project_id}/locations/{region}"

    return client.create_job(create_request)

C++

Para obtener más información, consulta la documentación de referencia de la API de Batch C++.

#include "google/cloud/batch/v1/batch_client.h"

  [](std::string const& project_id, std::string const& location_id,
     std::string const& job_id, std::string const& template_name) {
    // Initialize the request; start with the fields that depend on the sample
    // input.
    google::cloud::batch::v1::CreateJobRequest request;
    request.set_parent("projects/" + project_id + "/locations/" + location_id);
    request.set_job_id(job_id);
    // Most of the job description is fixed in this example; use a string to
    // initialize it, and then override the template name.
    auto constexpr kText = R"pb(
      task_groups {
        task_count: 4
        task_spec {
          compute_resource { cpu_milli: 500 memory_mib: 16 }
          max_retry_count: 2
          max_run_duration { seconds: 3600 }
          runnables {
            script {
              text: "echo Hello world! This is task ${BATCH_TASK_INDEX}. This job has a total of ${BATCH_TASK_COUNT} tasks."
            }
          }
        }
      }
      labels { key: "env" value: "testing" }
      labels { key: "type" value: "script" }
      logs_policy { destination: CLOUD_LOGGING }
    )pb";
    auto* job = request.mutable_job();
    if (!google::protobuf::TextFormat::ParseFromString(kText, job)) {
      throw std::runtime_error("Error parsing Job description");
    }
    job->mutable_allocation_policy()->add_instances()->set_instance_template(
        template_name);
    // Create a client and issue the request.
    auto client = google::cloud::batch_v1::BatchServiceClient(
        google::cloud::batch_v1::MakeBatchServiceConnection());
    auto response = client.CreateJob(request);
    if (!response) throw std::move(response).status();
    std::cout << "Job : " << response->DebugString() << "\n";
  }

¿Qué sigue?

Si tienes problemas para crear o ejecutar un trabajo, consulta Solución de problemas.
Ver trabajos y tareas
Obtén más información sobre las opciones de creación de trabajos.

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Antes de comenzar

Crea un trabajo con una plantilla de instancias de VM de Compute Engine

gcloud

API

Go

Go

Java

Java

Node.js

Node.js

Python

Python

C++

C++

¿Qué sigue?

Define los recursos de trabajo con una plantilla de instancia de VM