Register and call remote AI models in AlloyDB Omni

To invoke predictions or generate embeddings using a model, register the model endpoint with model endpoint management.

For more information about the google_ml.create_model() function, see model endpoint management reference.

Before you register a model endpoint with model endpoint management, you must enable the google_ml_integration extension and set up authentication based on the model provider, if your model endpoint requires authentication.

Make sure that you access your database with the postgres default username.

Enable the extension

You must add and enable the google_ml_integration extension before you can start using the associated functions. Model endpoint management requires that the google_ml_integration extension is installed.

1. Connect to your database using psql.

2. Optional: If the google_ml_integration extension is already installed, alter it to update to the latest version:

       ALTER EXTENSION google_ml_integration UPDATE;
   

3. Add the google_ml_integration extension using psql:

     CREATE EXTENSION google_ml_integration;
   

4. Optional: Grant permission to a non-super PostgreSQL user to manage model metadata:

     GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON ALL TABLES IN SCHEMA google_ml TO NON_SUPER_USER;
   

   Replace NON_SUPER_USER with the non-super PostgreSQL username.

5. Enable model endpoint management on your database:

     ALTER SYSTEM SET google_ml_integration.enable_model_support=on;
     SELECT pg_reload_conf();
   

Set up authentication

The following sections show how to set up authentication before adding a Vertex AI model endpoint or model endpoints by other providers.

Set up authentication for Vertex AI

To use the Google Vertex AI model endpoints, you must add Vertex AI permissions to the service account that you used while installing AlloyDB Omni. For more information, see Configure your AlloyDB Omni installation to query cloud-based models.

Set up authentication for other model providers

For all models except Vertex AI models, you can store your API keys or bearer tokens in Secret Manager. This step is optional if your model endpoint doesn't handle authentication through Secret Manager—for example, if your model endpoint uses HTTP headers to pass authentication information or doesn't use authentication at all.

This section explains how to set up authentication if you are using Secret Manager.

To create and use an API key or a bearer token, complete the following steps:

1. Create the secret in Secret Manager. For more information, see Create a secret and access a secret version.

   The secret name and the secret path is used in the google_ml.create_sm_secret() SQL function.

2. Grant permissions to the AlloyDB cluster to access the secret.

     gcloud secrets add-iam-policy-binding 'SECRET_ID' \
         --member="serviceAccount:SERVICE_ACCOUNT_ID" \
         --role="roles/secretmanager.secretAccessor"
   

   Replace the following:

   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID in Secret Manager.

   • SERVICE_ACCOUNT_ID: the ID of the service account that you created in the previous step. Ensure that this is the same account you used during AlloyDB Omni installation. This includes the full PROJECT_ID.iam.gserviceaccount.com suffix. For example: my-service@my-project.iam.gserviceaccount.com

     You can also grant this role to the service account at the project level. For more information, see Add Identity and Access Management policy binding

Text embedding models with built-in support

This section shows how to register model endpoints that the model endpoint management provides built-in support for.

Vertex AI embedding models

The model endpoint management provides built-in support for all versions of the text-embedding-gecko model by Vertex AI. Use the qualified name to set the model version to either textembedding-gecko@001 or textembedding-gecko@002.

Since the textembedding-gecko and textembedding-gecko@001 model endpoint ID is pre-registered with model endpoint management, you can directly use them as the model ID. For these models, the extension automatically sets up default transform functions.

To register the textembedding-gecko@002 model endpoint version, complete the following steps:

For AlloyDB Omni, make sure that you set up AlloyDB Omni to query cloud-based Vertex AI models.

1. Create and enable the google_ml_integration extension.

2. Connect to your database using psql.

3. Create and enable the google_ml_integration extension.

4. Call the create model function to add the textembedding-gecko@002 model endpoint:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_model(
       model_id => 'textembedding-gecko@002',
       model_provider => 'google',
       model_qualified_name => 'textembedding-gecko@002',
       model_type => 'text_embedding',
       model_auth_type => 'alloydb_service_agent_iam');
   
     The request URL that the function generates refers to the project associated with the AlloyDB Omni service account. If you want to refer to another project, then ensure that you specify the `model_request_url` explicitly.
   

Open AI text embedding model

The model endpoint management provides built-in support for the text-embedding-ada-002 model by OpenAI.The google_ml_integration extension automatically sets up default transform functions and invokes calls to the remote model.

The following example adds the text-embedding-ada-002 OpenAI model endpoint.

1. Connect to your database using psql.
2. Create and enable the google_ml_integration extension.
3. Add the OpenAI API key as a secret to the Secret Manager for authentication.

4. Call the secret stored in the Secret Manager:

   CALL
   google_ml.create_sm_secret(
     secret_id => 'SECRET_ID',
     secret_path => 'projects/PROJECT_ID/secrets/SECRET_MANAGER_SECRET_ID/versions/VERSION_NUMBER');
   

   Replace the following:

   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID that you set and is subsequently used when registering a model endpoint—for example, key1.
   • SECRET_MANAGER_SECRET_ID: the secret ID set in Secret Manager when you created the secret.
   • PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project.
   • VERSION_NUMBER: the version number of the secret ID.

5. Call the create model function to register the text-embedding-ada-002 model endpoint:

     CALL
       google_ml.create_model(
         model_id => 'MODEL_ID',
         model_provider => 'open_ai',
         model_type => 'text_embedding',
         model_qualified_name => 'text-embedding-ada-002',
         model_auth_type => 'secret_manager',
         model_auth => 'SECRET_ID');
   

   Replace the following:

   • MODEL_ID: a unique ID for the model endpoint that you define. This model ID is referenced for metadata that the model endpoint needs to generate embeddings or invoke predictions.
   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID you used earlier in the google_ml.create_sm_secret() procedure.

To generate embeddings, see how to generate embedding for model endpoints with built-in support.

Other text embedding models

This section shows how to register any custom-hosted text embedding model endpoint or text embedding model endpoints provided by model hosting providers. Based on your model endpoint metadata, you might need to add transform functions, generate HTTP headers, or define endpoints.

Custom-hosted text embedding model

This section shows how to register a custom-hosted model endpoint along with creating transform functions, and optionally, custom HTTP headers. AlloyDB Omni supports all custom-hosted model endpoints regardless of where they are hosted.

The following example adds the custom-embedding-model custom model endpoint hosted by Cymbal. The cymbal_text_input_transform and cymbal_text_output_transform transform functions are used to transform the input and output format of the model to the input and output format of the prediction function.

To register custom-hosted text embedding model endpoints, complete the following steps:

1. Connect to your database using psql.

2. Create and enable the google_ml_integration extension.

3. Optional: Add the API key as a secret to the Secret Manager for authentication.

4. Call the secret stored in the Secret Manager:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_sm_secret(
       secret_id => 'SECRET_ID',
       secret_path => 'projects/project-id/secrets/SECRET_MANAGER_SECRET_ID/versions/VERSION_NUMBER');
   

   Replace the following:

   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID that you set and is subsequently used when registering a model endpoint—for example, key1.
   • SECRET_MANAGER_SECRET_ID: the secret ID set in Secret Manager when you created the secret.
   • PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project.
   • VERSION_NUMBER: the version number of the secret ID.

5. Create the input and output transform functions based on the following signature for the prediction function for text embedding model endpoints. For more information about how to create transform functions, see Transform functions example.

   The following are example transform functions that are specific to the custom-embedding-model text embedding model endpoint:

   -- Input Transform Function corresponding to the custom model endpoint
   CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION cymbal_text_input_transform(model_id VARCHAR(100), input_text TEXT)
   RETURNS JSON
   LANGUAGE plpgsql
   AS $$
   DECLARE
     transformed_input JSON;
     model_qualified_name TEXT;
   BEGIN
     SELECT json_build_object('prompt', json_build_array(input_text))::JSON INTO transformed_input;
     RETURN transformed_input;
   END;
   $$;
   -- Output Transform Function corresponding to the custom model endpoint
   CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION cymbal_text_output_transform(model_id VARCHAR(100), response_json JSON)
   RETURNS REAL[]
   LANGUAGE plpgsql
   AS $$
   DECLARE
     transformed_output REAL[];
   BEGIN
     SELECT ARRAY(SELECT json_array_elements_text(response_json->0)) INTO transformed_output;
     RETURN transformed_output;
   END;
   $$;
   

6. Call the create model function to register the custom embedding model endpoint:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_model(
       model_id => 'MODEL_ID',
       model_request_url => 'REQUEST_URL',
       model_provider => 'custom',
       model_type => 'text_embedding',
       model_auth_type => 'secret_manager',
       model_auth_id => 'SECRET_ID',
       model_qualified_name => 'MODEL_QUALIFIED_NAME',
       model_in_transform_fn => 'cymbal_text_input_transform',
       model_out_transform_fn => 'cymbal_text_output_transform');
   

   Replace the following:

   • MODEL_ID: required. A unique ID for the model endpoint that you define-for example custom-embedding-model. This model ID is referenced for metadata that the model endpoint needs to generate embeddings or invoke predictions.
   • REQUEST_URL: required. The model-specific endpoint when adding custom text embedding and generic model endpoints—for example, https://cymbal.com/models/text/embeddings/v1.
   • MODEL_QUALIFIED_NAME: required if your model endpoint uses a qualified name. The fully qualified name in case the model endpoint has multiple versions.
   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID you used earlier in the google_ml.create_sm_secret() procedure.

OpenAI Text Embedding 3 Small and Large models

You can register the OpenAI text-embedding-3-small and text-embedding-3-large model endpoints using the embedding prediction function and transform functions specific to the model endpoint. The following example shows how to register the OpenAI text-embedding-3-small model endpoint.

To register the text-embedding-3-small embedding model endpoint, do the following:

1. Connect to your database using psql.
2. Create and enable the google_ml_integration extension.
3. Add the OpenAI API key as a secret to the Secret Manager for authentication. If you have already created a secret for any other OpenAI model, you can reuse the same secret.

4. Call the secret stored in the Secret Manager:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_sm_secret(
       secret_id => 'SECRET_ID',_
       secret_path => 'projects/project-id/secrets/SECRET_MANAGER_SECRET_ID/versions/VERSION_NUMBER');
   

   Replace the following:

   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID that you set and is subsequently used when registering a model endpoint.
   • SECRET_MANAGER_SECRET_ID: the secret ID set in Secret Manager when you created the secret.
   • PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project.
   • VERSION_NUMBER: the version number of the secret ID.

5. Create the input and output transform functions based on the following signature for the prediction function for text embedding models. For more information about how to create transform functions, see Transform functions example. To learn about the input and output formats that OpenAI model endpoints expect, see Embeddings.

   The following are example transform functions for the text-embedding-ada-002, text-embedding-3-small, and text-embedding-3-largeOpenAI text embedding model endpoints.

   -- Input Transform Function corresponding to openai_text_embedding model endpoint family
   CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION openai_text_input_transform(model_id VARCHAR(100), input_text TEXT)
   RETURNS JSON
   LANGUAGE plpgsql
   AS $$
   #variable_conflict use_variable
   DECLARE
     transformed_input JSON;
     model_qualified_name TEXT;
   BEGIN
     SELECT google_ml.model_qualified_name_of(model_id) INTO model_qualified_name;
     SELECT json_build_object('input', input_text, 'model', model_qualified_name)::JSON INTO transformed_input;
     RETURN transformed_input;
   END;
   $$;
   
   -- Output Transform Function corresponding to openai_text_embedding model endpoint family
   CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION openai_text_output_transform(model_id VARCHAR(100), response_json JSON)
   RETURNS REAL[]
   LANGUAGE plpgsql
   AS $$
   DECLARE
     transformed_output REAL[];
   BEGIN
     SELECT ARRAY(SELECT json_array_elements_text(response_json->'data'->0->'embedding')) INTO transformed_output;
     RETURN transformed_output;
   END;
   $$;
   

6. Call the create model function to register the text-embedding-3-small embedding model endpoint:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_model(
       model_id => 'MODEL_ID',
       model_provider => 'open_ai',
       model_type => 'text_embedding',
       model_auth_type => 'secret_manager',
       model_auth_id => 'SECRET_ID',
       model_qualified_name => 'text-embedding-3-small',
       model_in_transform_fn => 'openai_text_input_transform',
       model_out_transform_fn => 'openai_text_output_transform');
   

   Replace the following:

   • MODEL_ID: a unique ID for the model endpoint that you define—for example openai-te-3-small. This model ID is referenced for metadata that the model endpoint needs to generate embeddings or invoke predictions.
   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID you used earlier in the google_ml.create_sm_secret() procedure.

For more information, see how to generate embedding for other text embedding model endpoints.

Generic models

This section shows how to register any generic model endpoint that is available on a hosted model provider such as Hugging Face, OpenAI, Vertex AI, or any other provider. This section shows examples to register a generic model endpoint hosted on Hugging Face and a generic gemini-pro model from Vertex AI Model Garden, which doesn't have built-in support.

You can register any generic model endpoint as long as the input and output is in the JSON format. Based on your model endpoint metadata, you might need to generate HTTP headers or define endpoints.

Generic model on Hugging Face

The following example adds the facebook/bart-large-mnli custom classification model endpoint hosted on Hugging Face.

1. Connect to your database using psql.
2. Create and enable the google_ml_integration extension.
3. Add the bearer token as a secret to the Secret Manager for authentication.

4. Call the secret stored in the Secret Manager:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_sm_secret(
       secret_id => 'SECRET_ID',
       secret_path => 'projects/project-id/secrets/SECRE_MANAGER_SECRET_ID/versions/VERSION_NUMBER');
   

   Replace the following:

   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID that you set and is subsequently used when registering a model endpoint.
   • SECRET_MANAGER_SECRET_ID: the secret ID set in Secret Manager when you created the secret.
   • PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project.
   • VERSION_NUMBER: the version number of the secret ID.

5. Call the create model function to register the facebook/bart-large-mnli model endpoint:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_model(
       model_id => 'MODEL_ID',
       model_provider => 'custom',
       model_request_url => 'REQUEST_URL',
       model_qualified_name => 'MODEL_QUALIFIED_NAME',
       model_auth_type => 'secret_manager',
       model_auth_id => 'SECRET_ID');
   

   Replace the following:

   • MODEL_ID: a unique ID for the model endpoint that you define—for example, custom-classification-model. This model ID is referenced for metadata that the model endpoint needs to generate embeddings or invoke predictions.
   • REQUEST_URL: the model-specific endpoint when adding custom text embedding and generic model endpoints—for example, https://api-inference.huggingface.co/models/facebook/bart-large-mnli.
   • MODEL_QUALIFIED_NAME: the fully qualified name of the model endpoint version-for example, facebook/bart-large-mnli.
   • SECRET_ID: the secret ID you used earlier in the google_ml.create_sm_secret() procedure.

Gemini model

Ensure that you set up AlloyDB Omni to query cloud-based Vertex AI models.

The following example adds the gemini-1.0-pro model endpoint from the Vertex AI Model Garden.

1. Connect to your database using psql.
2. Create and enable the google_ml_integration extension.

3. Call the create model function to register the gemini-1.0-pro model:

   CALL
     google_ml.create_model(
       model_id => 'MODEL_ID',
       model_request_url => 'https://us-central1-aiplatform.googleapis.com/v1/projects/PROJECT_ID/locations/us-central1/publishers/google/models/gemini-1.0-pro:streamGenerateContent',
       model_provider => 'google',
       model_auth_type => 'alloydb_service_agent_iam');
   

   Replace the following:

   • MODEL_ID: a unique ID for the model endpoint that you define—for example, gemini-1. This model ID is referenced for metadata that the model endpoint needs to generate embeddings or invoke predictions.
   • PROJECT_ID: the ID of your Google Cloud project.

For more information, see how to invoke predictions for generic model endpoints.

What's next

• Learn about the model endpoint management reference.